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Chemistry > acids and alkalis > Flashcards

acids and alkalis Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the common acids used

A

hydrochloric acid (HCL (aq)
nictric acid ( HN03(aq)
sulfuric acid (H2SO4 (aq)

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2
Q

in aqeous solutions what do acids produce

A

H+ ions

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3
Q

what are bases

A

chemicals that can neutralise acids , producing salt and water

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4
Q

what are examples of bases

A

bases are metal oxides /metal hydroxides :

copper oxide ( insoluble) , iron hydroxide (insoluble) , sodium hydroxide ( soluble)

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5
Q

what are alkalis

A

bases that are soluble in water
since sodium hydroxide is soluble in water it is a base and alkali

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6
Q

what do alkalis produce in aqeous solutions

A

OH- ions ( hydroxide)

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7
Q

what does the pH scale tell us

A

tells us the acidity or alkalinity of the solution

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8
Q

what PH do acids have

A

0-6

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9
Q

what pH do alkalis have

A

8-14

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10
Q

what solution has a PH of 7

A

neutral solution

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11
Q

what does a PH probe do

A

determines the Ph electronically

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12
Q

what is the neutralisation equation between acids and alkalis

A

H+(aq) + OH-(aq) -> H20(l)

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13
Q

what is the product when an acid reacts with metals

A

acids + metals -> salt + hydrogen

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14
Q

what salt is produced from HCL

A

chloride

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15
Q

what salt is produced from H2SO4

A

sulfate

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16
Q

what is reaction between HCL and Magnesium

A

magnesium chloride + hydrogen

hydrogen + magnesium -> magnesium chloride + hydrogen

17
Q

what is reaction between H2SO4 and Magnesium

A

sulfuric acid + magnesium -> magnesium sulfate + hydrogen

18
Q

what is the product when a salt is reacted with either base/alkali

A

salt + water

19
Q

what are examples of metal carbonates

A

sodium carbonate (NA2CO3)
calcium carbonate ( CACO3)
potassium carbonate ( K2CO3)

20
Q

what are the products when an acid reacts with a metal carbonate

A

salt + water + carbon dioxide

21
Q

what are some examples of strong acids

A

HCL
HNO3
H2SO4

22
Q

what are some examples of weak acids

A

carbonic acid
citric acid
ethanoic acid

23
Q

what happens to the PH when more H+ ions are added

A

there will be a lower PH and it will be a strong acid

24
Q

as the PH scale decreases by 1 unit the concentration of hydrogen ions increase by ——- times

A

10x

25
Q

what is a strong acid

A

an acid that fully ionises in an aqueous solution

26
Q

what is a weak acid

A

an acid that partially ionises in an aqueous solution

27
Q

what PH would a strong acid have

A

lower/lowest ones ( 2/0)

28
Q

what is a dilute acid

A

an acid with fewer acid molecules per dm^3 of solution

29
Q

what is a concentrated acid

A

an acid with more acid molecules per dm^3 of solution

Chemistry (9 decks)

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