Gross Exam 2 Flashcards
What m. is involved in a whiplash injury
Upper portion of the trapezius
What is the lumbar triangle
A depression found at the lower portion of the latissimus dorsi, and its borders are made up of the latissimus dorsi, crest of the ilium, and the external oblique.
What is the clinical significance of the lumbar triangle
A posterior hernia can develop here
What is the triangle of auscultation
A depression at the sup. border of the lats and medial to inf. angle of the scapula. Its borders are the latissimus dorsi, trapezius, and the vertebral border of the scapula
What is the clinical significance of the triangle of ascultation
The relatively thing layer of tissue allows lung sounds to be heard easier here. It can be enlarged by having the patient protract their scapula
What is winged scapula
Weakened serratus anterior m. due to long thoracic n. damage.
What m. make up the rotator cuff
The Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis, and teres minor
What are the 2 criteria that make a m. a rotator cuff m.
The tendon of insertion mus contribute to forming a cuff, and they must help with either int. or ext. rot.
What is crutch paralysis
aka atrophy of the deltoid due to an inj. to the axillary n. causes include fx of surgical neck of humerus, dislocation of the shoulder, or pressure of crutch in axilla
What are symptoms of crutch paralysis
Loss of sensation may occur over the lat. aspect of the arm. Abd. greatly impaired
What separates the supraspinatus from the acromion process
The Subacromial and subdeltoid bursa
What is rotator cuff tendonitis
aka Shoulder impingement. irritation and inflamm of supraspinatus tendon with sharp or aching pain
Mechanisms for shoulder impingement syndrome
Genetic (born with hooked acromion process), Weakness around rotator cuff, excess & repetitive stress, trauma, or calcium deposits
Rotator cuff tears
Previous inj, usually near its insertion, complete tears come from a single traumatic inj, and the drop test is performed to test for a tear
Subacromial and Subdeltoid bursitis
May be more common than tendonitis, but difficult to distinguish from each other
The infraspinatus is sometimes fused with what other m.
The teres minor
What is the quadrilateral space
More lateral than the triangular space, and it contains the axillary n and humeral circumflex blood vessels
What is the triangular space
More medial that the quadrilateral space, and it contains the circumflex scapular branch of the subscapular artery
How are ligaments classified
Either extrinsic (extracapsular) or intrinsic (intracapsular), and they act as either a rope or a wall
What joint does the upper limb articulate with the axial skeleton through
The Sternoclavicular joint, and it is the most stable of the upper extremity
Because the SC joint’s articulating surfaces do not fit well together, what is found in the joint to overcome this
The articular disc
What are the functions of the articular disc
Prevent the clavicle from being displaced at its articulation, and act as a shock absorber for forces being transmitted along the clavicle
The SC joint is classified as what kind of joint
Plane gliding joint
What ligament surrounds the SC joint
The capsular ligament