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Anatomy > Embryo Exam 2 > Flashcards

Embryo Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What hormone is involved in detection and maintaining a pregnancy

A

Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG)

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2
Q

Differentiation of the embryoblast begins with what

A

Formation of a Bilaminar Disc

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3
Q

Columnar cell layer facing the cytotrophoblast

A

Epiblast

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4
Q

Cuboidal cell layer facing the blastocyst cavity

A

Hypoblast

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5
Q

Fluid filled space between the epiblast and the cytotrophoblast

A

Amniotic Cavity

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6
Q

Cells formed from the cytotrophoblast, lining the upper region of the amniotic cavity, and produce amniotic fluid

A

Amnioblasts

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7
Q

Cells from the hypoblast line the exocoelomic cavity with exocoelomic membrane to become

A

The primary umbilical vesicle (yolk sac)

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8
Q

Maternal blood lacunae flow into the syntophoblastic lacunae on the 12th day known as

A

Primitive Uteroplacental Circulation- through lacunar networks

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9
Q

What gap junction protein is critical in angiogenesis at the implantation site of placenta and uterine endometrium for maintenance of pregnancy

A

Connexin 43

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10
Q

What 2 hormones influence the formation of blood vessels in the endometrium stroma

A

Estrogen and progesterone

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11
Q

What kind of rxn does the uterus have to the implantation and development of teh conceptus

A

A Decidual rxn

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12
Q

Physical rxn to conceptus (blastocyst) implants

A

Endometrial cells transform glycogen and lipids in cytoplasm for nutrition

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13
Q

Immunological rxn to endometrial connective tissue cells accumulate glycogen and lipids

A

Immunologically privileged site for the conceptus (decidual rxn)

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14
Q

What is the beginning of the mouth and organizer of the head region

A

The prechordal plate

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15
Q

What is gastrulation

A

Process by which the bilaminar germ disc is converted to trilaminar

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16
Q

Day 15 epiblast cells proliferate on the midline of the disc and form a narrow streak that runs down the disc called…

A

Primitive Streak

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17
Q

Middle of the primitive streak forms the…

A

Primitive Groove

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18
Q

At the the end of the primitive groove is the…

A

Primitive Pit

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19
Q

Epiblasts at the top layer form the

A

Ectoderm

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20
Q

Epiblasts that migrate through the primitive groove and develop a middle layer called

A

Mesoderm

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21
Q

Epiblasts that displace the hypoblast cells to develop a lower layer called the…

A

Endoderm

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22
Q

What is organogenesis

A

Process of developing organ systems

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23
Q

Ectoderm gives rise to

A

Epidermis CNS, PNS, Eyes, Ears, Neural crest cells, Connective tissue of the head

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24
Q

Mesoderm gives rise to

A

All skeletal m., Blood cells, visceral smooth m. coats, lining of body cavities, reproductive, CV system, and most connective tissue of the body

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25
Q

Endoderm gives rise to

A

Epithelial lining, lines glands and organs dealing with GI, and glandular cells of liver and pancreas

26
Q

The caudal area develops what

A

Cloacal plate. which later forms the openings of the anus, urinary, and genital tracts

27
Q

What is the area for the future heart

A

Cardiogenic Area

28
Q

What can occur if remnants of the primitive streak remain

A

Give rise to a tumor

29
Q

What is the most common tumor in newborns

A

Sacroccygeal Teratoma

30
Q

What is the notochord

A

Mesoderm cells that migrate cranially to create a midline cord of cells

31
Q

What is neurulation

A

Begins with the folding called neurulation and it’s a Process of conversion of the neural plate from a neural tube happens in the beginning of the fourth week

32
Q

What is the function of neurophores

A

Allows for communication with the amniotic cavity through large openings

33
Q

What is Spina bifida and anencephaly

A

An interruption of the tube closure

34
Q

What are somites

A

Segmented mesodermal tissue along neural tube, which gives rise to vertebral column, voluntary m., connective tissue, and skin

35
Q

What is the primary chorioinic villi

A

Core of cytotrophoblast cells covered by syntrophoblasts

36
Q

What is the secondary chorionic villi

A

Mesodermal cells penetrate the core of the cytotrophoblast cells of the primary villi

37
Q

What is the tertiary chorionic villi

A

Mesodermal core differentiates into blood and blood vessels

38
Q

What is Perinatology

A

Study of fetus and newborn as patient

39
Q

What is Fetology

A

Studies concerned with the fetus

40
Q

Amniocentesis

A

After 14 weeks, sampling of amniotic fluid by inserting a hollow needle into mother’s abdominal and uterine wall

41
Q

Indicators for Amniocentesis

A

Later maternal age 38+, previous chrmosomal abnormalities, family hx, or carrier of inborn metabolic disorder

42
Q

Schedule of ultrasounds

A

7-8th week confirm and look for ectopic, 18th-20th malformations mult. pregnancy and postition of placenta, and 34th week fetal size growth and position

43
Q

What is a Fetoscopy

A

Fiber optics to scan entire fetus

44
Q

Fetoscopy risks

A

Higher risk factors, 5-6% of fetal death or spontaneous abortions can be up to 12%, and radiation exposure-thyroid abnormalities

45
Q

Chorionic Villus Sampling

A

Biopsy of the chorionic villi by inserting a needle into the abdominal and uterine wall. 8th week. 2-3% fetal death

46
Q

Alpha fetoprotein

A

Glycoprotein synthesized in fetal liver, yolk sack and gut

47
Q

What is the Decidua Basalis

A

Where the placenta is attached

48
Q

What is the Decidua Capsularis

A

At the aembryonic (opposite the embryo) end

49
Q

What is the Decidua Parietalis

A

Opposite to the sides of implantation

50
Q

The Amniochorionic Membrane is aka

A

The Amniotic Sac

51
Q

Weight of the placenta

A

1/7 of the maternal weight

52
Q

Fetal circulation Deoxy blood

A

Deoxy blood goes through arteries. The lungs are bypassed and do not receive oxygen

53
Q

Umbilical Vein

A

Fetal blood is oxygenated through the placenta and passes into the umbilical vein

54
Q

Rate of blood flow and fetal hypoxia

A

Rate is pretty high, but fetal hypoxia can occur due to acute reduction in maternal blood flow

55
Q

4 layers of Placenta Membrane

A

Syntrophoblasts, Cytotrophoblasts, Connective tissue layer, Endothelium of fetal capillaries

56
Q

How are materials transported across the placental membrane

A

Simple, facillitated, Active xport, or pinocytosis

57
Q

Functions of Amniotic Fluid

A

Movement, Growth, prevents adherence, protections, nutrition, maintain temp, and lubricate cervix during birth

58
Q

Oligohydramnios

A

400mL or less of amniotic fluid

59
Q

Polyhydramnios

A

2000mL or more of amniotic fluid

60
Q

Characteristics of the Umbilical cord

A

1-2 cm diameter, 50-60 cm length, Contains 1 vein and 2 arteries

61
Q

When the yolk sac/secondary umbilical vesicle starts to degenerate, it retains a portion to become…

A

Vitelline vessels

62
Q

What is Allantois

A

These vessels become urachus in the fetus, or the median umbilical ligament in adults

Anatomy (6 decks)

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