"Gross Anatomy Larynx Amanda C. Conta Steencken" SANA

Question 1

The vagus exists the cranial cavity through the ______ foramen

Answer 1

Jugular foramen

Question 2

What types of fibers are in the superior laryngeal nerve?

Answer 2

4 types: 2 efferent and 2 afferent
Efferent: parasympathetic and motor from nucleus ambiguus
Afferent: general sensory from larynx/pharynx and special sensory (taste)

Question 3

What does the superior laryngeal nerve branch into?

Answer 3

The external and internal laryngeal nerves

Question 4

What are the component fibers of the external laryngeal nerve? and what does it innervate?

Answer 4

Motor fibers only; cricothyroid muscle

Question 5

On the left, the recurrent laryngeal nerve loops under the _______

Answer 5

aortic arch

Question 6

In the larynx the recurrent laryngeal nerve is renamed the ________

Answer 6

Inferior laryngeal nerve

Question 7

Which of the following is not a function of the larynx?

a. removal of debris from airway
b. voice production
c. protection of airway

Answer 7

a

Question 8

The larynx lies in front of which vertebrae?

Answer 8

4, 5, 6 cervical vertebrae

Question 9

What is the only bone in the body that does not articulate with another bone?

Answer 9

The hyoid

Question 10

What is the medical term for the Adam’s apple?

Answer 10

Laryngeal prominence

Question 11

The vocal cords are protected by the ________

Answer 11

Thyroid cartilage

Question 12

What enters through the two holes in the thyrohyoid membrane?

Answer 12

The internal laryngeal artery and nerve

Question 13

If the two holes in the thyrohyoid membrane were injured, thereby injuring the nerve that passes through it, what symptoms would the patient have?

Answer 13

Absence of cough reflex as the internal laryneal nerve carries sensory information to vocal cords. This could cause things to lodge in the larynx.

Question 14

You need to insert an emergency airway in a patient. Where do you insert it? and why?

a. cricotracheal ligament
b. cricoid cartilage
c. cricothyroid ligament
d. thyrohyoid membrane.

Answer 14

c because the cricoid bone is the only bone in the larynx that forms a ring, thereby preventing damage to pharynx and thyroid gland

Question 15

What is the only structure in the larynx that is a complete ring instead of horseshoe-shaped?

Answer 15

Cricoid cartilage

Question 16

When swallowing, the epiglottis _______ (closes/opens) over the laryngeal inlet.

Answer 16

Closes over the laryngeal inlet to protect it and not let food into our airways

Question 17

Phonation occurs when the epiglottis is _______

a. open
b. closed
c. half open, half closed

Answer 17

c

Question 18

Your patient has stopped breathing and you need to perform an emergency tracheotomy on her. How do you located the correct location to make the incision?

Answer 18

The cricothyroid ligament is located between the thyroid and the cricoid, which are two prominent protruding bones in the thorax. Palpate the thyroid, and then find the next bump below it (cricoid). Between them, the depression is where the incision must be made.

Question 19

What is the function of the arytenoid cartilage?

Answer 19

Voice production

Question 20

Name 2 differences between the true and false vocal cords.

Answer 20

1. The false vocal cords function to ensure that the airway is closed during swallowing, while the true vocal cords produce variation in pitch/sound.
2. false vocal cords enclose the vestibular ligaments, while the true vocal cords enclose the vocal ligaments, vocalis muscle and some of thyroaretynoid muscles.

Question 21

A patient comes in with food lodged into his piriform recess in the larynx, possibly causing an abrasion of which nerve? (Hint: the patient has an absent cough reflex)

a. inferior laryngeal nerve
b. superior laryngeal nerve
c. internal laryngeal nerve
d. external laryngeal nerve

Answer 21

c

Question 22

Changes in the width of the _______, along with the change in tension of the ______ with changes is amount of air expelled from the lungs is responsible for changes in pitch and phonation

Answer 22

Rima glottis; vocal cords

Question 23

Match the following:

1. Rima glottis
2. Glottis

a. opening between true vocal cords
b. vocal folds and opening between the vocal folds

Answer 23

1-a
2-b
remember, glottis = rima glottis + vocal folds (also called true vocal cords)

Question 24

What is the only laryngeal muscles responsible for ABduction? What do they abduct?

Answer 24

Posterior cricoarytenoid muscles; abduct the vocal folds.

Question 25

If your posterior cricoarytenoid muscle atrophies, why are you in danger of asphyxiating?

Answer 25

Because the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle abducts, if it is damaged, the airway might not be able to open causing trouble breathing after phonation.

Question 26

Name the six muscles in the larynx innervated by the recurrent laryngeal nerve.

Answer 26

Lateral cricoarytenoid
arytenoideus
thyroaretynoid
aryepiglottic muscle
vocalis
posterior cricoarytenoid muscle

Question 27

Which muscle in the larynx is the only one innervated by the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve

Answer 27

cricothyroid muscle

Question 28

Match the muscle to the function (can be used more than once):

1. adduct vocal cords
2. shorten and relax vocal cords
3. help in closing rima glottis
4. act as sphincter of laryngeal inlet
5. affect pitch and quality of voice

a. Lateral cricoarytenoid
b. arytenoideus
c. thyroaretynoid
d. aryepiglottic muscle
e. vocalis
f. cricothyroid muscle

Answer 28

1- a, b, f

2. c
3. c
4. d
5. e

Question 29

Your patient comes in with sudden onset of low-pitched, monotonous voice. Which nerve in the larynx might be damaged? Which muscle does it innervate?

Answer 29

External branch of the superior laryngeal because this innervates the cricothyroid muscle, which are responsible for lengthening the vocal cords.

Question 30

Name the component fibers of the internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve:

Answer 30

Parasympathetics from larynx mucosa, special sensory taste fibers, sensory from upper larynx to vocal cords.

Question 31

The reccurent laryngeal nerve becomes the ________ upon entering the larynx.

Answer 31

Inferior laryngeal nerve.

Question 32

Name the component fibers of the inferior laryngeal nerve:

Answer 32

Sensory from the lower larynx, motor to all laryngeal muscle (EXCEPT cricothyroid), parasympathetic to lower laryngeal mucosa.

Question 33

Match the nerve with symptoms that would occur if nerve is damaged:

1. External laryngeal nerve
2. Internal laryngeal nerve
3. inferior laryngeal nerve

a. hoarse voice, difficulty breathing/speaking
b. low-pitched voice
c. no cough reflex

Answer 33

1-b, 2-b, 3-a