Gross Anatomy and Embryology Review - Respiratory System

Question 1

Blood supply to nasal cavity

Answer 1

Internal and ext carotid

Question 2

Nasal cavity innervation

Answer 2

From both V1 and V2 and olfactory

Question 3

Drainage of frontal sinus
Ethmoid air cels
Max sinus
Sphenoid sinus

Answer 3

Frontonasal to hiatus in middle mmeatus

Anterior to hiatus in middle meatus
Middle to bulla in middle meatus
Post to superior meatus

Hiatus semi in middle meatus

Spehnoethmodial recess

Question 4

Larynx innervation sensory and motor

Answer 4

Above - internal laryngeal nerve from superior

Below - recurrent laryngeal nerve

Recurrent for all intrinsic of larynx except cricothyoid innervated by eternal laryngeal nerve

Question 5

Rima glottidis and gltotis

Answer 5

Opening

Rima and true folds together

Question 6

Where does intercostal VAN run?

Answer 6

Below the bottom edge of rims

Question 7

Pleura

Answer 7

Serous sac surrounding each lung

2 layers with pleural cavity between visceral and pareital

Question 8

Regions of parietal pleura

Answer 8

Cervical, costal, diaphragmatic and mediastinal

In contact with endothoracic fascia

Innervated by intercsotala and phrenic nerves and sensitive to localized pai n

Question 9

Visceral pleura

Answer 9

In contact with sruface fo the lungs and not sensitiv to well localized pain

Question 10

Suprapleural membrane

Answer 10

Thickening of endothoracic fascia over cervical pleura

Question 11

Right lung structure

Left

Answer 11

3 lobes with horizontal and oblqiue

LEft has lingula and cardiac notch in superior lobe

Question 12

Arteries and veins of BP segs

Answer 12

Arteries are intra and veins are inter

Question 13

Sternal angle and beginning of trachea

Answer 13

C6 and T4

Question 14

Right vs left primary bronchis

Answer 14

Right wider and more vertical

Question 15

Right lung suprerior middle and infer

Answer 15

Apical, post, anterior

lateral and medial

SUp, med/ant/lat/post basal

Question 16

Left lung sup, lingular and inf

Answer 16

Apicoposterior, anteiror

Sup and inf lingular

Superior, med/ant/lat/post basal

Question 17

Pulmonary lpexuses and affarent innervation

Answer 17

Postganglionic sympathetic (cell bods in chain), pregang para from vagus, and visceral affarent

Reflexve and nociceptive affarent fibers

Question 18

Symp and para innervation

Answer 18

Sym - brocnhodilation, inhibitory to alveolar glands and vasoconstriction of pulmonary vessels

Question 19

Systemic circulation

Answer 19

Bronchial arteries from thoraicc aorta or upper posterior intercostal arteries

Veins into azygous system of superior intercostal

Question 20

Horizontal fissure and apex locations

Oblique

Answer 20

Along 4th rib

Apex of lung above clavicle

Spinous of T2/T3 and run around 6th rib

Cardiac notch is along 4-6 on left of sternum

Question 21

Lower resp development

Answer 21

Outpocketing from cranial foregut

Question 22

Laryngotracheal diverticulum

Answer 22

From foregut, lined by endoderm to form glands and epithelium of lower tract

Other tissue and muscle parts from mesoderm

Question 23

TE folds

Answer 23

Separate the resp and pharynx

Question 24

TE septum divides

Answer 24

Ventral laryngotracheal tube and esophagus

Connected by laryngeal inlet

Question 25

TE fistula

Answer 25

Incomplete closure of TE folds Esophageal atreaia and polyhydramnios Look for cyanosis and can lead to penumonitis

Question 26

Bronchi and lung development

Answer 26

Diverticulum divides into 2 bronchial buds Visceral pleura from splanchnic mesoderm and parietal from somatic

Question 27

Right and left primary bronchus

Answer 27

Right into 3 secondayr and left into 2

Question 28

Lung maturation

Answer 28

Newborn are denser because fewer number of mature alveoli Fetal breathing movements cause aspiration of amniotic fluid

Question 29

RDS

Answer 29

From def of surfactant Admin CSs and replacement surfactant