Groin Region Flashcards
What forms the inguinal ligament
The lower edge of the external oblique aponeurosis
What is the inguinal ligament attached to?
Anterior superior iliac spine to the pubic tubercle
What is the name of the most medial fibers of the inguinal ligament called
Lacunar ligament
What is the name of the lateral extension of the lacunar ligament along the pectin pubis
Pectineal ligament
How long is the inguinal canal
3-5cm
Where does the inguinal canal begin and end
Begin: Deep inguinal ring
End: superficial inguinal ring
Why is the inguinal canal larger in males than in females
Because it transmits the spermatic cord
What female structure is found in the inguninal canal
Round ligament of the uterus
What structure in the inguinal ligament is found in both males and females
Ilioinguinal nerve
How is the cordate tendon formed
By the fusion of the aponeuroses of the interal and tranversus abdominis muscles as they intersect the pubic crest and pectin pubis.
What does the cordate tendon do
Strengthens the posterior wall of medial half of the inguinal canal
What forms the anterior wall of the inguinal canal
Aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle
What forms the posterior wall of the inguinal canal
Conjoint tendon and transversalis fascia
What forms the roof of the inguinal canal
Arching fibers of the internal oblique and transverse abdominis
What forms the floor of the inguinal canal
inguinal and lacunar ligaments
What is the triangluar opening in the external oblique aponeurosis
Superficial inguinal ligament
What forms the superficial inguinal ligament
splitting of the external oblique aponeurosis
What are the two crura formed by the splitting of the external oblique aponeurosis
Lateral crus
Medial crus
Which crus inserts into the pubic tubercle
Lateral crus
Which crus inserts into the pubic crest
Medial crus
What is the purpose of the intercrural fibers
Strengthen the apex of the superficial inguinal ring
What is the name of the opening in the transversalis fascia
Deep inguinal ring
Which opening of the inguinal canal is lateral to the inferior epigastric vessels
Deep inguinal right
Which opening of the inguinal canal is lateral to the pubic tubercle
Superficial inguinal ring
What binds the inguinal triangle medially
Lateral edge of the rectus abdominins
What binds the inguinal triangle laterally
Inferior epigastic vessesl
What binds the inguinal triangle inferiorly
Inguinal ligament
What is the shape of the inguinal canal at birth compared to an adult inguinal canal
shorter
less oblique
What anatomical adaptations function to prevent inguinal hernias
Oblique inguinal canal
The conjoint tendon (reinforces the posterior wall)
How does the oblique shape of the inguinal canal prevent inguinal hernias
it allows for the canal to become partially compressed
When the muscle that increase abdominal pressure (increase odds of having hernia) contract what happens to the inguinal canal
The canal is narrowed, further preventing a hernia
What is an inguinal hernia
An abnormal protrusion of abdominal viscera through the inguinal canal
What sex are inguinal hernias more common in
Males
Why are inguinal hernias more common in males that females
The spermatic cord requires a larger inguinal canal, the scrotum creates a potential space for abdominal viscera
What structure in females is homologus to the scrotum in males
Labia majora
What are the two kinds of inguinal hernias
Indirect
Direct
What type of hernia passes through the deep inguinal ring, through the inguinal canal and out the superficial inguinal ring
Indirect inguinal hernia
What type of hernia passes lateral to the inferior epigastic vessels
indirect inguinal hernia
What type of hernia account for 75% of inguinal hernias
Indirect inguinal hernia
What is processus vaginalis
when the outpouching of the peritoneum which forms the tunica vaginalis of the scrotum is present after birth
Why is processus vaginalis a problem
It leaves a passageway for the intestines to pass into the scrotum
What type of hernia punches through the posterior wall of the inguinal canal, bypassing the deep inguinal ring
Direct inguinal hernia
What type of hernia passes medial to the inferior epigastric vessels
Direct inguinal hernia
What does a direct inguinal hernia do to the abdominal wall
Causes bulging
Is a direct inguingal hernia congenital or acquired
Accquired
Direct inguinal hernias are caused by a weakening of what tendon
Conjoint tendon
What percentage of inguinal hernias do Direct inguinal hernias account for
25%
What age and sex are direct inguinal hernia most likely to occur
40 year old men
Subluxations at what level can affect the function of anterior abdominal wall muscles
Lower T
Upper L
What type of hernias pass through the femoral canal
Femoral hernia
Do femoral hernias occur superior or inferior to the inguinal ligament
Inferior to the inguinal ligament
What type of hernias are more common in females
Femoral hernias
What type of hernia is normally caused by incomplete closure of the abdominal wall after ligation of umbilicus
Umbilical hernia
Defects in the linea alba can cause what type of hernia
Umbilical hernia
Where does the spermatic cord being and end at
Begin: Deep inguinal ring
Ends: Testies
How many layers of fascia cover the spermatic cord and what are they derived from
Covered: 3 concentric layers
Derived: Anterior abdominal wall
What are the three layers of fascia that cover the spermatic cord
External spermatic Fascia
Cremasteric Fascia
Internal spermatic Fascia
What is the External spermatic fascia of the spermatic cord derived from?
The external oblique aponeurosis
What is the cremasteric fascia derived from
The internal oblique aponeurosis
What is a unique feature regarding the cremasteric fascia of the spermatic cord
I contains bundles of muscle fibers (cremaster muscle)
What is the internal spermatic fascia of the spermatic cord derived from
The transversalis fascia
What is the innervation of the crewmaster muscle
Genitofemoral nerve
L1-L2
What is the function of the crewmaster muscle
Retract testies (temp regulation of sperm)
A subluxation at which vertebral level will causes male fertility
L1-L2
What structures are found in the spermatic cord
Ductis Deferens Testicular Artery Pampiniform plexus Artery to the ductus deferns Cermasteric artery Genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve remnant of processus vaginalis Autonomic nerves Lymphatics
What is the muscular duct that transports sperm from epididymis to the ejaculatory duct
Ductus Deferns
What is the network of veins that make up the bulk of the spermatic cord
Pampiniform plexus of veins
What does the pampiniform plexus surround to form a heat block
Arteries
What is the pampiniform plexus prone to, and can be mistaken for a tumor
Varicocele
What does the left testicular vein drain into
left renal vein
What does the right testicular vein drain into
Inferior vena cava
The artery to the ductus deferens is a branch of what artery
Superior vesical artery
The crwmasteric artery branches off of what artery
inferior epigastric artery
What nerve supplies the crewmaster muscle
Genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve
Where do the lymphatics of the spermatic cord drain into
lumbar lymph nodes
What nerve accompanies the spermatic cord but is not a part of it
Ilioinguinal nerve
What are the two branches of the ilioinguinal nerve
Femoral branch
Anterior scrotal/labial nerve
what nerve supplies the root of the penis and the anterior part of the scrotum
Anterior scrotal nerve
What nerve supplies the mons pubis and anterior part of the labia majora
Anterior labial nerve
What nerve supplies the upper medial part of the thigh
Femoral branch
What does the skin of the scrotum contain little or no fat
to maintain temp below body temperature
What is contained in the scrotum
Testies
Epididumis
lower spermatic cord
What is the Dartos Muscle of the scrotum derived from
Subcutaneous tissue of the anterior abdominal wall
What is the tunica vaginalis of the scrotum derived from
Peritoneum
What is the external spermatic fascia derived from
External oblique
What is the internal spermatic fascia derived from
transversalis Fascia
What does the dartos muscle do
Temperature regulation
What are the two layers of the Tunica Vaginalis
Parietal layer
Visceral layer
What layer of the tunica vaginalis is superficial and is internal to the internal spermatic fascia
Parietal Layer
What layer of the tunica vaginalis is deep and firmly adherent to the testis and epididymis
Visceral layer
