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Gross anatomy 2 exam 3 > Groin Region > Flashcards

Groin Region Flashcards

1
Q

What forms the inguinal ligament

A

The lower edge of the external oblique aponeurosis

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2
Q

What is the inguinal ligament attached to?

A

Anterior superior iliac spine to the pubic tubercle

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3
Q

What is the name of the most medial fibers of the inguinal ligament called

A

Lacunar ligament

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4
Q

What is the name of the lateral extension of the lacunar ligament along the pectin pubis

A

Pectineal ligament

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5
Q

How long is the inguinal canal

A

3-5cm

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6
Q

Where does the inguinal canal begin and end

A

Begin: Deep inguinal ring
End: superficial inguinal ring

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7
Q

Why is the inguinal canal larger in males than in females

A

Because it transmits the spermatic cord

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8
Q

What female structure is found in the inguninal canal

A

Round ligament of the uterus

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9
Q

What structure in the inguinal ligament is found in both males and females

A

Ilioinguinal nerve

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10
Q

How is the cordate tendon formed

A

By the fusion of the aponeuroses of the interal and tranversus abdominis muscles as they intersect the pubic crest and pectin pubis.

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11
Q

What does the cordate tendon do

A

Strengthens the posterior wall of medial half of the inguinal canal

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12
Q

What forms the anterior wall of the inguinal canal

A

Aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle

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13
Q

What forms the posterior wall of the inguinal canal

A

Conjoint tendon and transversalis fascia

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14
Q

What forms the roof of the inguinal canal

A

Arching fibers of the internal oblique and transverse abdominis

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15
Q

What forms the floor of the inguinal canal

A

inguinal and lacunar ligaments

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16
Q

What is the triangluar opening in the external oblique aponeurosis

A

Superficial inguinal ligament

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17
Q

What forms the superficial inguinal ligament

A

splitting of the external oblique aponeurosis

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18
Q

What are the two crura formed by the splitting of the external oblique aponeurosis

A

Lateral crus

Medial crus

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19
Q

Which crus inserts into the pubic tubercle

A

Lateral crus

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20
Q

Which crus inserts into the pubic crest

A

Medial crus

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21
Q

What is the purpose of the intercrural fibers

A

Strengthen the apex of the superficial inguinal ring

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22
Q

What is the name of the opening in the transversalis fascia

A

Deep inguinal ring

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23
Q

Which opening of the inguinal canal is lateral to the inferior epigastric vessels

A

Deep inguinal right

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24
Q

Which opening of the inguinal canal is lateral to the pubic tubercle

A

Superficial inguinal ring

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25
Q

What binds the inguinal triangle medially

A

Lateral edge of the rectus abdominins

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26
Q

What binds the inguinal triangle laterally

A

Inferior epigastic vessesl

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27
Q

What binds the inguinal triangle inferiorly

A

Inguinal ligament

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28
Q

What is the shape of the inguinal canal at birth compared to an adult inguinal canal

A

shorter

less oblique

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29
Q

What anatomical adaptations function to prevent inguinal hernias

A

Oblique inguinal canal

The conjoint tendon (reinforces the posterior wall)

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30
Q

How does the oblique shape of the inguinal canal prevent inguinal hernias

A

it allows for the canal to become partially compressed

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31
Q

When the muscle that increase abdominal pressure (increase odds of having hernia) contract what happens to the inguinal canal

A

The canal is narrowed, further preventing a hernia

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32
Q

What is an inguinal hernia

A

An abnormal protrusion of abdominal viscera through the inguinal canal

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33
Q

What sex are inguinal hernias more common in

A

Males

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34
Q

Why are inguinal hernias more common in males that females

A

The spermatic cord requires a larger inguinal canal, the scrotum creates a potential space for abdominal viscera

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35
Q

What structure in females is homologus to the scrotum in males

A

Labia majora

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36
Q

What are the two kinds of inguinal hernias

A

Indirect

Direct

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37
Q

What type of hernia passes through the deep inguinal ring, through the inguinal canal and out the superficial inguinal ring

A

Indirect inguinal hernia

38
Q

What type of hernia passes lateral to the inferior epigastic vessels

A

indirect inguinal hernia

39
Q

What type of hernia account for 75% of inguinal hernias

A

Indirect inguinal hernia

40
Q

What is processus vaginalis

A

when the outpouching of the peritoneum which forms the tunica vaginalis of the scrotum is present after birth

41
Q

Why is processus vaginalis a problem

A

It leaves a passageway for the intestines to pass into the scrotum

42
Q

What type of hernia punches through the posterior wall of the inguinal canal, bypassing the deep inguinal ring

A

Direct inguinal hernia

43
Q

What type of hernia passes medial to the inferior epigastric vessels

A

Direct inguinal hernia

44
Q

What does a direct inguinal hernia do to the abdominal wall

A

Causes bulging

45
Q

Is a direct inguingal hernia congenital or acquired

A

Accquired

46
Q

Direct inguinal hernias are caused by a weakening of what tendon

A

Conjoint tendon

47
Q

What percentage of inguinal hernias do Direct inguinal hernias account for

A

25%

48
Q

What age and sex are direct inguinal hernia most likely to occur

A

40 year old men

49
Q

Subluxations at what level can affect the function of anterior abdominal wall muscles

A

Lower T

Upper L

50
Q

What type of hernias pass through the femoral canal

A

Femoral hernia

51
Q

Do femoral hernias occur superior or inferior to the inguinal ligament

A

Inferior to the inguinal ligament

52
Q

What type of hernias are more common in females

A

Femoral hernias

53
Q

What type of hernia is normally caused by incomplete closure of the abdominal wall after ligation of umbilicus

A

Umbilical hernia

54
Q

Defects in the linea alba can cause what type of hernia

A

Umbilical hernia

55
Q

Where does the spermatic cord being and end at

A

Begin: Deep inguinal ring
Ends: Testies

56
Q

How many layers of fascia cover the spermatic cord and what are they derived from

A

Covered: 3 concentric layers
Derived: Anterior abdominal wall

57
Q

What are the three layers of fascia that cover the spermatic cord

A

External spermatic Fascia
Cremasteric Fascia
Internal spermatic Fascia

58
Q

What is the External spermatic fascia of the spermatic cord derived from?

A

The external oblique aponeurosis

59
Q

What is the cremasteric fascia derived from

A

The internal oblique aponeurosis

60
Q

What is a unique feature regarding the cremasteric fascia of the spermatic cord

A

I contains bundles of muscle fibers (cremaster muscle)

61
Q

What is the internal spermatic fascia of the spermatic cord derived from

A

The transversalis fascia

62
Q

What is the innervation of the crewmaster muscle

A

Genitofemoral nerve

L1-L2

63
Q

What is the function of the crewmaster muscle

A

Retract testies (temp regulation of sperm)

64
Q

A subluxation at which vertebral level will causes male fertility

A

L1-L2

65
Q

What structures are found in the spermatic cord

A 
Ductis Deferens
Testicular Artery
Pampiniform plexus
Artery to the ductus deferns
Cermasteric artery
Genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve
remnant of processus vaginalis
Autonomic nerves
Lymphatics
66
Q

What is the muscular duct that transports sperm from epididymis to the ejaculatory duct

A

Ductus Deferns

67
Q

What is the network of veins that make up the bulk of the spermatic cord

A

Pampiniform plexus of veins

68
Q

What does the pampiniform plexus surround to form a heat block

A

Arteries

69
Q

What is the pampiniform plexus prone to, and can be mistaken for a tumor

A

Varicocele

70
Q

What does the left testicular vein drain into

A

left renal vein

71
Q

What does the right testicular vein drain into

A

Inferior vena cava

72
Q

The artery to the ductus deferens is a branch of what artery

A

Superior vesical artery

73
Q

The crwmasteric artery branches off of what artery

A

inferior epigastric artery

74
Q

What nerve supplies the crewmaster muscle

A

Genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve

75
Q

Where do the lymphatics of the spermatic cord drain into

A

lumbar lymph nodes

76
Q

What nerve accompanies the spermatic cord but is not a part of it

A

Ilioinguinal nerve

77
Q

What are the two branches of the ilioinguinal nerve

A

Femoral branch

Anterior scrotal/labial nerve

78
Q

what nerve supplies the root of the penis and the anterior part of the scrotum

A

Anterior scrotal nerve

79
Q

What nerve supplies the mons pubis and anterior part of the labia majora

A

Anterior labial nerve

80
Q

What nerve supplies the upper medial part of the thigh

A

Femoral branch

81
Q

What does the skin of the scrotum contain little or no fat

A

to maintain temp below body temperature

82
Q

What is contained in the scrotum

A

Testies
Epididumis
lower spermatic cord

83
Q

What is the Dartos Muscle of the scrotum derived from

A

Subcutaneous tissue of the anterior abdominal wall

84
Q

What is the tunica vaginalis of the scrotum derived from

A

Peritoneum

85
Q

What is the external spermatic fascia derived from

A

External oblique

86
Q

What is the internal spermatic fascia derived from

A

transversalis Fascia

87
Q

What does the dartos muscle do

A

Temperature regulation

88
Q

What are the two layers of the Tunica Vaginalis

A

Parietal layer

Visceral layer

89
Q

What layer of the tunica vaginalis is superficial and is internal to the internal spermatic fascia

A

Parietal Layer

90
Q

What layer of the tunica vaginalis is deep and firmly adherent to the testis and epididymis

A

Visceral layer

Gross anatomy 2 exam 3 (17 decks)

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