Anterior abdominal wall Flashcards
How many planes is the abdomen divided into?
9
What are the three lines that divide the abdomin
Midclavicular plane (vertical) Subcostal plane (horizontal ~L3) Transtubercular plane (horizontal ~L5)
What are the nine regions of the abdomen
Right hypochondrium epigastic left hypochondrium right flank (lateral) umbilical left flank (lateral) Right groin (inguinal) Pubic Left groin (inguinal)
How many quadrants can the abdomin be divided into
4
What are the planes that divide the abdomen into quadrants
Medial plane (vertical through midline) Transumbilical plane (horizontal through umbilicus)
What are the 4 quadrants
Right upper quadrant
Right lower Quadrant
Left upper quadrant
left lower Quadrant
How many layers of major fascia are there in the anterior abdominal wall?
Superficial layer (campers Fascia) Deep layer (Scarpa's fascia)
What layer of fascia of the abdominal wall is a thin fatty layer and is continuous with the peritoneum of the thigh
Superficial layer (Campers Fascia)
What layer of fascia of the abdominal wall is a membranous layer firmly attached to the fascia lata of thigh and is just below the inguinal ligament
Deep layer (scarpa’s fascia)
What fascia covers the anterior abdominal wall muscles on its anterior and posterior surfaces
Deep investing fascia
Where is the location of the potential space in the anterior abdominal wall that can have fluid accumulating in it
Between scarpa’s fascia and deep fascia
What allows for urine to accumulate in the space between scarpa’s fascia and deep fascia
Rupture of the spongy urethra
Once urine gets into the space between scarpa’s fascia and deep fascia, where does it go
It move superiorly
It cant move inferiorly due to the firm attachment of scarpa’s fascia to the fascia lata
What sex is extravasation of urine more common in
Males
What is the most common cause of extravasation of urine
Trauma
What are the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall?
External oblique Internal oblique Transverse obdominis Rectus abdominis Pyramidalis muscle
What is the median raphae that extends from the xiphoid process to pubic symphysis
Linea alba
What is the significance of the linea alba
All anterior abdominal muscles insert into
What direction do the fibers of the external oblique muscle run
Downward and forward
What direction do the fibers of the internal oblique muscle run
Downward and backward
What direction do the fibers of the transversus abdominis muscle run
Horizontally across the abdomen
What muscle is the most superficial anteriolateral abdominal muscle
External oblique
What muscle is the middle layer of the anteriolateral abdominal muscles
Internal oblique
What muscle is the deepest layer of the anteriolateral abdominal muscles
Transversus abdominis
What abdominal muscle is small and often absent
Pyramidalis muscle
What is the curved line on the lateral boarder of the rectus abdominis
Linea semilunaris
What are the bundles of connective tissue that run transversely across the rectus abdominis and fuse to the rectus sheath
Tendinous intersections
Weak abdominal muscles are often associated with what?
Low back pain
What are abdominal wall active in?
Coughing (forced expiration) Sneezing (forced expiration) Vomiting Micturation Defecation Child birth
What forms the rectus sheath
The aponeurosis of the external oblique, internal oblique, and transversus abdominis muscle
What does the rectus sheath enclose
Rectus abdominus Pyramidalis muscle Superior epigastric artery and vein inferior epigastric artery and vein anterior primary rami of lower 6 thoracic nerves
What is the crescent shaped line in the posterior layer of the rectus sheath between umbilicus and pubic crest
Arcuate line
What is the anterior layer of the rectus sheath above the arcuate line composed of
Aponeuroses of the external and internal oblique muscles
What is the posterior layer of the rectus sheath above the arcuate line composed of
Aponeuroses of the internal oblique and transversus abdominus muscles
What does the aponeurosis of the internal oblique do above the arcuate line
Splits to enclose the rectus abdominis
What is the anterior layer of the rectus sheath below the arcuate line composed of
Aponeurosis of the external oblique, internal oblique and transversus abdominis muscle
What is the posterior layer of the rectus sheath below the arcuate line composed of
Transversalis fascia
How many folds are located on the posterior surface of the anterior abdominal wall
5
What fold extends from the apex of the bladder to the unbilicus
Median umbilical fold
What does the median umbilical fold contain
Urachus
What fold extends from the side of the bladder to the umbilicus
Medial umbilical fold
What does the medial umbilical fold contain
Inferior epigastric vessels
What is found between the median and medial umbilical folds
Suprevesical fossa
What is found between the medial and umbilical folds
Medial inguinal fossa
What is found lateral to the lateral umilical fold?
lateral inguinal fossa
What lies above the umbilicus and contains the obliterated umbilical vein
Ligamentum teres
What is the free edge of the falciform ligament that is attached to the liver
Ligamentum teres
What supplies blood to the anterior abdominal wall
Superior epigastric artery
inferior epigastric artery
Lumbar arteries
Deep circumflex artery
What innervates the anterior abdomnial wall
Lower 6 thoracic nerves
