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Sample MCQs > Green 2 > Flashcards

Green 2 Flashcards

1
Q

How many msucle fibres to neurone in EOM motor unit

A

1:2 to 1:7

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2
Q

Where are accessory lacrimal glands of Krause and Wolfirng located?

A

Krause - around the conjunctival fornix

Wolfring - at border of tarsal plate

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3
Q

What does the CRAO supply? Choroidal cirulation?

A

CRAO branches supply inner 2/3 retina
Outer third is choroidal circulation

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4
Q

What does Wieger’s ligament connect

A

Anterior hyaloid face to posteiror lens capsule
Adherence becomes weaker with age

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5
Q

What is the length of lacrimal canaliculi

A

2mm vertical segment, 8mm horizontal segment

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6
Q

Where doe pterygopalatin fossa lie? What are boundaries?

A

Posterior and inferior to orbit

MAxilla nateirorly
Sphenoid poseetiorly
Sphenoid superiorly
Palatine bone inferiorly and medially
Open to infratemporal fossa via pterygomaxillary fissure laterally

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7
Q

Most likely place for globe rupture?

A

Posterior to insertion of rectus musles
Corneoscleral junction
Site of previous surgical incisions

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8
Q

What layer of choroid are permeatble to fluorescin?

A

Diffuse leakage of fluorescein dye seen on angiography occurs from the choriocapillaris due to fenestrated epithelium

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9
Q

What does ELISA use to label?

A

Antibodies or antigens are lablled with an enzyme that induces a colour change in sa substrate when present

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10
Q

describe phototransduction

A
  1. 11-cis retinal (chromophorefrom vitamin A) bound to opsins via lysine residue
  2. Photo absorption convers it to all-trans retinal (photoisomerisation)
  3. All trans retinal coverted to all-trans retinol in photoreceptor outer segment
    4, Transported to RPE cells where it is reconstituted to 11-cis retinal isoform (vit A)
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11
Q

What NT between photoreceptor and bipolar cells

A

Glutamate

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12
Q

What is a property of actin

A

Microfilament that is flexible

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13
Q

What is the order of gamete fusion development

A

Zygote - union of gametes
Morula - mass of cells
Blastocyst - sphere of cells

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14
Q

What sinuses are present at birth?

A

Ethmoid and maxillary

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15
Q

when does the sphenoid sinus develop?

A

2-3 years after birth
Adult size at age 14

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16
Q

When does the hyaloid artery disappear?

A

34 weeks

17
Q

What does von hippel lindau syndrome lead to?

A

AD chromosome 3
Retinal angiomata - capillary haemangioma

Renal cell cancer
Phaeochromocytoma

18
Q

What are regularoty mechanisms of the complement system

A

Factor H
Factor I
C1 inhibitor
Sialic acid

19
Q

What enzyme enables bacteria to resist phagocytosis?

A

Coagulase

Converts fibrinogen to fibrin which coats bacterium to isolate from immune defeces

20
Q

What are endotoxins

A

Derived from cell wall of gram negative bacteria

Lipopolysaccharieds

Activate alternative complement pathway

HEat stable

21
Q

What immune reaction does toxocara cause

A

IgE mediated immune response

OCa transferred in feline faeces

22
Q

What is visual angle subtended by letter on snellen chart

A

5 minutes of arc

To recognise letter eye must have resolution of 1 minute of arc

23
Q

second vs minute vs degree

A

60 seconds of arc in a minute
60 minutes of arc in a degree

24
Q

Worse prognosis cell type for choroidal melanoma

A

Epithelioid cell

Monosomy 3
Duplication 8q
Older age
Larger tumour
Extrascleral extension

Spindle cell has better prognosis

25
Q

What type of receptor is nAChR

A

LIgand gated ion channel

26
Q

How does MMC work? How does 5FU work? Which is more toxic to cornea

A

MMC works by alkylating agent cross linking DNA

5FU is fluorintated pyrimidine anaglogue impedes DNA synethsis

5FU more toxic to cornea

27
Q

What is max spectral sensitivity of rod, and blue green red cones

A

Rod 500

Blue cone 445
Green cone 545
Red cone 570

(light adapted retina 555)

28
Q

What is afferent limb of oculocardiac reflex?

A

Trigeminal nerve
Efferent is vagus

Sensory fibres from EOMs travel via trigmeeinal

TRaction on extraocular muscles particularly MR causes vagal mediated sinus bradycardia

29
Q

What is the most common cause of B12 deficiency?

A

Pernicious anaemia - gastric intrinsic factor loss
Absoprtion occurs in terminal ileum - resection

30
Q

What is fucniton of B12

A

Cofactrosby methionine synthetase to convert homocysteine to methionine so in B12 deficiency there is raised homocysteine

31
Q

What is osmolality

A

Osmoles per kg of solvent

32
Q

What is osmolarity

A

Osmoles per litre of solution

Sample MCQs (20 decks)

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