Blue 3

Question 1

What is writ fly test and what range of stereoacuity does it test

Answer 1

PErformed at 40cm
Tests 3000 to 40 seconds of arc

Question 2

What stereoacuity may indicate amblyopia

Answer 2

Worse than 250 seconds of arc

Question 3

What do you need to determine prism power

Answer 3

Refractive indiex
Refracting angle

Question 4

Where does the fascial sheath attach to the sclera

Answer 4

1.5mm from the corneascleral junction

Question 5

How wide is sphincter pupillae

Answer 5

1mm wide ring of smoothe muscle

Question 6

What is the diameter of the eye at the end of the embryonic period

Answer 6

1.5-2mm

Week 8

Question 7

What cells produce the glycocalyx

Answer 7

Stratified squamous cells of the corneal and conjunctival epithelium

Question 8

How many photoreceptors interact with one RPE cell

Answer 8

23

Question 9

How long does regenration of rhodopsin occur after dark adaptation

Answer 9

30 minutex

Question 10

What happens in Sickle cell

Answer 10

Abdnomral haemoglobin S contains faulty beta chains in haemoglobin molecules

Low oxygen tension promotes sickling
Cell membrane becomes rigid and fragile

Question 11

How long is PR interval? QR interval

Answer 11

PR 0.12-0.2s
QT 0.35s

Question 12

What is inspiratory reserve volume

Answer 12

Amount of ait forcible inhaled after normal tidal volume 3000ml

Question 13

What is tidal volume

Answer 13

Amount of air inhaled during one respiratory cycle

300-500ml

Question 14

What is residual volume

Answer 14

1200ml

Amount of air left in lungs following full force expiration

Question 15

What is expiratory reserve volume

Answer 15

1100ml

Question 16

What substances can directly excite pain receptors? Which cannot?

Answer 16

Bradykinin, serotonin, histamine, acetylcholine, acids, potassium ions, proteolytic enzymes directly excite pain receptors

Prostaglandins and substance P cannot, they enhance sensitivity

Question 17

Which nephrons have shorter looks of Henle

Answer 17

Corical nephrons have shorter loops of Henle than juxtamedullary

Question 18

What proportion of nephrons are juxtamedullary

Answer 18

20-30%

Question 19

What % of tear film is aqueous layer

Answer 19

60%

Question 20

What arteries does GCA involve?

Answer 20

Cerebral arteries
Ophthalmic arteries
Posterior ciliary branches
Central retinal arteries

Question 21

Which is worse prognosis epithelioid or spindle cell melanoma

Answer 21

Epithelioid

Question 22

What are favourable prognostic factors for uveal melanoma

Answer 22

younger patients
Smaller tumours
Chroid location
Spindle cell
Gain in 6p

Question 23

Worse prognosis for uveal melanoma

Answer 23

Epithelioid
Older patients
Ciliary body
Monosmoy 3
8q additional copies

Question 24

What causes phayrgoconjunctival fever adenovirus

Answer 24

1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 14

Question 25

What causes epidemic keratoconjunctivitis

Answer 25

3, 7 ,8 .19

Question 26

What is lysozyme effective againse

Answer 26

Gram negative organisms and fungi Ineffective against gram positive

Question 27

What are SE of beta blockers

Answer 27

Bradycardia Bronchospasm Syncope CNS depression

Question 28

What do a1 receptors do? a2 receptors? b1 receptors b2 receptors b3 receptors

Answer 28

a1 - excitatory - SMC contraction a2 - inhibtiors - b1 - heart - excitatory b2 - lungs and vessels - inhibtiory SMC relaxation

Question 29

What visual field defect can be seen in tilted disc syndrome

Answer 29

Superior bitemporal field defects Can cross vertical meridian

Question 30

Filling defect in ICG angiography caused by? Window defect? Leakage of dye? Abnormal vessels?

Answer 30

Filing defect - Atrophic ARMD Window defect - RPE defect, macular hole Leakage - choroidal neovascularisation Abnormal blood vessels - choroidal haemangioma

Question 31

Ultrasound biomicroscopy frequency compared to normal US

Answer 31

Higher frequency transducer Higher resolution imagin Less depth penetration

Question 32

What does patient do in EOG

Answer 32

Intermittently follows targets moving left to right over 30 degree horizontal plane

Question 33

What is detection bias?

Answer 33

Systematic differences between groups on how outcomes are determined