Blue 5 Flashcards
What part of the vitreous is more liquid
Gooey middle
Liquid centre, denser base
Progresses further out with age
What cranial nerve has the longest intracrnaial course?
Abducens
What cranial nerve emerges dorsal brainstem
Trochlear
What is the size of the optic chiasM
12mm wide
8mm long
Wavelengths of sensitivity of S M and L cones
S 415nm
M 530nm
L 560nm
What is sarcoplasm
Intracellular fluid that fills the space between myofibrils
Large quantities of potassium, magnesium, phosphate, multiple protein enzymes and mitochondria
What do pacreatic alpha, beta, delta, epsilon and PP cells secrete
Alpha - glucagon
Beta - insulin and amylin
Delta - somatostatin
Epsilon - ghrelin
PP ells - pancreatic polypeptide
How long are mitochondria
2 micrometers
How much corneal thickness is stroma? What collagen type in stroma? What arangement?
90%
55% type 1 collagen arranged in orthogonal (right angles) lamellar fashion
What lens changes is UVB associated with?
Cortical and posterior subcapsular cataract
(not nuclear)
Which form of optic nerve glioma carries better prognosis child or adult?
Child Juvenile better prognosis
What do dermoid cyslst contain?
pilosebaceous follicles and hair
What are hidrocystomas from? What do they contain?
From glands of Moll
Lined by double layer of epithelium
When do epidermoid cysts occur? What are they filled with?
Due to epithelial inclusion following surgery or trauma
Following obstruction of duct of pilosebaceous follicle
Filled with keratin
What bacteria is bacillus cereus
Gram positive rod, spore forming
Traumatic injury endophthalmitis
What is cytokine pleiotropy and redundancy?
Pleitropy - multiple biological actions
Redundancy - shared biological actions by different cytokines
Short lived, short range molecules, effective at low conc
First order horners vs second order vs third order
First order - ipsilateral body anhidrosis
Second order - ipstilateral face anhidrosis
Third order - ipsilateral brow anhidrosis
What are tibosome bidning sites for tRNA?
Peptidyl tRNA binding site (P site) holds the tRNA and polypeptide chain
Aminoacyl-tRNA binding site (A site) holds incoming tRNA molecule
Stop codon on the messenger RNA causes binding of release factor to aminoacyle-tRNA binding site (A site) which causes hydrolysation of the petidyle tRNA molecule on the P site and release of the polypeptide chain
Constant vs variable expressivity AD/AR>
AD - variable expressivity
AR - constant expressivity
Stickler syndrome genet
COL2A1
What is continuous vs discontinuosu multifactorial inhertiance
Continuous - range of disease expression
Discontinuous - increased incidence in affected family compared to general population
Unequal sex distribution
What is roman numerals and arabic numerals in HVF
Roman - target size in mm2
Arabic - light intensity in apostlibs
Fluorescein excitation and emission peak
Excitation 490nm
Emission 530nm
What causes window defect in FFA? Leakage at macula? Leakage at disc? LEakage elsewhere?
Window defect - RPE atrophy, macular hope
Leakage macula - CMO, macular oedema
Leakage at disc - papilloedema, inflammation, ischaemic optic neuropathy
Leakage elseqhere - vasculitis, new vessels, choroidal neovascularisation
