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Ancient Greece > Greek Final Exam > Flashcards

Greek Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Cash Tribute

A

Phoros

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2
Q

Treasurer of the Greeks

A

Hellenotamiae

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3
Q

Thucydides

A

Next Historian after Herodotus for history of Greece 478-404

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4
Q

Hellenic League

A

478

- meant for protecting from Persian invasion

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5
Q

Pausanias

A

Spartan king
adopted Persian dress which made him unpopular
thought that he was negotiating with Xerxes to get married to one his daughters
gets kicked out of Sparta
tries to set up Tyranny in Byzantium and gets pushed out by Athenians
escapes but gets locked in shrine where he is starved to death

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6
Q

Themistocles

A
  • anti Sparta
  • Cimon pro Sparta and head of chief in Athens
    > 471 Themistocles ostracized became advisor to Artaxerxes and governor of Magnesia
  • goes to Argos because anti Spartan
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7
Q

Delian League

A

chief organizer: Aristides
- League head quarters was on delos; temple of Apollo: treasury and meeting place
- formed as an offensive and defensive league against Persia; took binding oath remain faithful to league
- 1st assessment of cash tribute (phoros): 460 talents
- Lesbos, Samos, Thasos and Naxos contributed ships
- Athenian commanders, chariman of assembly and Hellenotamiade: treasurers of the greeks” (assessed tributes)
- every single city state would make treaty with Athens of what it would do to help the league.
-Kimon: responsible for making Delian league successful as 1st commander of Naval fleet from 476-463
-476: Persians under Boges driven out from Eion ( mouth of Strymon river on Thracian coast) near gold mines of Mt Pangaeus
>Threw himself into fire before getting taken by Greeks
-476: dealt with pirate problem on Skyros; Kimon brought back bones of Theseus to Athens
> - pirate base at this time, sold pirates as slaves, found grave of huge warrior, told bring back bones of legendary king, super popular in Athens for this
> Skyros became a Cleruchy : a type of colonly in which settlers were dependent on Athens kept Athenian citizenship.
-472: Euboea forced to join league
-470: Naxos forced to stay in Delian League
- 468/467 : Battle of Eurymedon river: freed Greek towns of Caria; freed Greece from danger of Persian empire.
465: Thassos rebels against Delian League
>why continue to pay into this league if there is nothing to fight anymore.
>Athens want to keep league because they benefit from tributes
464: Kimon sends help for Sparta after Earthquake, opposed by Perikles and Ephialtes
461: Kimon ostracized

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8
Q

Reforms of Ephialtes

A

(462-61)

  • council of the Areopagus ( made up of former archons; very conservative); Ephialtes took away their 1st 2 powers.
    1. Overseers of Government
    2. Censors
    3. Tried murder cases
    4. Looked after sacred Olive tree and properties of Athena
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9
Q

Pericles Reforms

A

457
1. 457 BC: Archonship opened up to zeugitae; soon after to thetes
2. Introduced pay for public officials : 1 drachma per day
3. Preliminary election for archons eliminated
4. Courts: jurors paid 2 obols per day for jury duty ( misthos)
- old age pension, retired military man
- 6000 jurors on stand by
- each court had 200 – 300 jurors on each case (made it hard to bribe them)
- part of tribute from Delian league to pay officials
5. 451 Athenian Citzenship law ( mother and father had to be Athenian citizens for son/ daughter to be citizen)
> both parents have to be Athenian to get citizenship.
> extremely elites
> soured relations with other city states
>increased tensions

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10
Q

Jury duty Greek word

A

Misthos

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11
Q

Second Peloponnesian War

A
  • King Archidamus of Sparta invades Attika and burns crops and olive trees; Athenians take refuge in Athens
  • Athenian navy attacks Peloponnesian coasts
  • 431 BCE: Funeral Oration of Perikles: One of most precious documents in the history western civilization: Perikles sums up greatness of Athens
  • pep talk to raise Athenian morale and to explain that their sufferings were justified. (famous speech)
  • gives his vision of Athens, sums up Athenian greatness
  • 430-429 : Great Plague at Athens typhus; perikles son with metic Aspasia made a citzen after loss of 2 legitimate sons
  • 430: Athenians unsuccessfully attack Epidauros; Perikles is temporarily removed from office.
    Epidauros
  • 429 : Perikles died of Plague
    -430 BCE: Siege of Potidaea (Chalkidike) successful; became cleruchy (colony of Athenian citizens dependent on Athens)
  • 429 : siege of Plataea by Spartan king Archidamus; finally surrenders in 427; everyone massacred
    > held out for awhile
    > Plataea had a device to smash off battering ram head.
    > Plataeans kept building walls a little higher as Spartans trying to get over wall
    > Athens promised to help but couldn’t because of the Plague
    428 : revolt of Mytilene, Lesbos: Kleon wants death for all male citizens and women and children enslaved.
  • 2nd assembly voted to spare people (except those who caused revolt)
  • becomes a cleruchy
    » send another ship to catch the other ship to stop them.
    > ended up catching them only people executed was the Oligarts who started the revolt
    424: Battle of Delium, Boeotia (Athens vs Thebes); Socrates saves life of Alkibiades
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12
Q

a type of colony in which settlers were dependent on Athens kept Athenian citizenship.

A

Cleruchy

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13
Q

politician who caters to whim of people

A

Demagogue

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14
Q

Battle of Sphacteria

A

425: Battle of Sphacteria/ Pylos: led by Athenian general Demosthenes; capture of 292 Spartan hoplites (120 homoioi); a first for Spartans to surrender: Kleon could have sued for peace.
- Athens gained advantage over Sparta
- Demosthenes built fort to try and get Helots to rebel.
Helots sneaks Athenians food and water on Island on little boats
- Spartan burnt down all the ground cover on the Island so completely exposed to Athenian attack
- Spartans surrender to avoid anymore losses
> No Spartan had ever surrendered before
> captured 120 Spartan citizen best hoplites
> bring back to Athens

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15
Q

Brasidas

A

424 : Brasidas (non royal): Spartan General; not typical: enterprising, creative, well liked, bold in military planning and a good speaker; success in Chalkidike
> not a Spartan Spartan
> creative
> other leading spartans were Jealous of him.
424: Capture of Amphipolis by Brasidas; Thucydides expelled for 20 years
>Cleon and Brasidas killed at Amphipolis

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16
Q

Peace of Nicias

A

421 50 years; exchange of prisoners and captured cities: Athens supposed to give back Pylos, Kythera, Methone, Nisaea; Sparta supposed to give back Olynthus, Stegira and Amphipolis
> 50 year peace only last 3 years
> several cities found peace terms unsatisfactory
> Corinthians not happy because gained nothing out of the deal.
> ended up giving back Spartan soldiers (dumb move)
> Athens wasn’t happy because did not get a port wanted.
> Elis fought another city and Sparta supported rival city so this pissed them off.

17
Q

Battle of Mantinea

A

418 : Battle of Mantinea; Spartan army under king Agis, composed of Spartan and Peroikoi hoplites and for 1st time, ex- helot hoplites victorious against Argives, Mantineans, Alcibiades and Athenian army; Sparta regains prestige and power.
- coalition fell apart; Argos joined up with Sparta, and Athens was now isolated

18
Q

Greek prostitute

A

Hetairai

19
Q

Spartan Woman

A
  • had a state proscribed education; engaged in athletics as proscribed by Lykurgos
  • illiterate women: Archaic period poets Megalostrata and Cleitagora and Philosopher Chilonis.
  • Unusual marriage rites: bride taken by force.
  • Chief task: give birth to sons to grow up to be warriors
    • brides had to cut their hair short and dress like men
  • until age 30 lives in barracks even if he has wives has to stay and live there
  • control over their fertility using primitive contraceptive techniques.
  • Had dowries by 5th c. BCE
  • used primitive methods of birth control
  • could own land
  • manage property
  • wealthy woman: Kyniska: 1st woman to win chariot race at Olymics
  • could also ride horses
  • Spartan women had most freedom of females in Greece
20
Q

Athenian Government assembly Greek word

A

Ekklesia

21
Q

resident aliens of Athens: craftsmen, merchants, traders

A

Metics

22
Q

One who has changed dwellings

A

metoikos

23
Q

Legal host of visitors greek word

A

proxenos

24
Q

Slavery in Greece

A
  1. Publicly owned slaves : public force
  2. Private owned skilled slaves craftsmen with shops
  3. House hold slaves
  4. Prostitutes in state owned brothels.
  5. Agricultural slaves
  6. Slaves in silver mines at Laurion: worst of all
25
Q

Results of Peloponnesian war

A
  • balance of power destroyed between Athennian naval power vs spartan land power.
  • Spartan Hegemony 404-371 (hegemony = leader)
  • 377 Second Athenian League
    371-362 Theban Hegemony led by Epaminondas
    Athens
    >- lost many citizens, 40 000 citizens > 22000 citizen full rights
    >fleet wiped out
    > walls taken down
    >farms destroyed
    Sparta not able to hold Empire
    > more profitable be hired to fight armies rather than fighting enemies at home
26
Q

March of 10 000

A

was in a way a victory for the greeks for they had marched into centre of Persian territory, defeated forces of Persian king near Babylon and returned safely

27
Q

Corinthian War

A

395-387
-Between Sparta and her Allies: Corinth, Elis, Thebes, Athens, and Argos formed league against Sparta.
- - Spartans destroy long walls but Agesilaos hoplites killed in a battle by Iphicrates of Rhamnus and his Peltasts
393 Athens restored to power with Persian aid
390 Athens recovers Delos; makes alliances with Chios, Lesbos and Byzantium
- cleruchies: Lemnos, Scyros Imbros
- established 10% duty on ships and 5 tax on trade
- 387 the kings peace recorded in xenophons hellenica: ionian cities and cyprus given up to Persia all other cities autonomous except Lemnos Scyros and Imbros

28
Q

Battle of Leuctra

A

371
Spartan King Kleombrotos defeated by Theban sacred band

Marks end of Spartan dominance in Greece and beginning of Theban Hegemony

29
Q

Macedonian shield bearers large shields and shorter thrusting spears.

A

Hypaspitai

30
Q

Battle of Chaeronea

A
  • Athens and Thebes versus Philip; Alexinder routs Theban sacred band to last man: marks end of Greek city state as a significant political force
    • Philip placed Macedonian garrison on Kadmeia at Thebes
  • Athens received back captives and dead and became ally of phillip
  • 338 BCE formation of league of Corinth ( every city state except Sparta)
31
Q

Greek word for Military alliance

A

Symmachia

32
Q

Council of Allies administered business of league

A

Synedrion

33
Q

Phillip II

A

336 BCE Philip assassinated by Pausanias
Olympias may have responsible because of Philip’s marriage to 7th wife: Macedonian Cleopatra.
- kid from cleopatra would threaten Alexanders claim to power
- Philip great leader. Devising new military tactics, had few morals, defeats greeces, trie to unite them, lived in the shadow of Alexander.
- Athenian demosanese was his enemy
- his conquest of thrice, his greatest battles went unrecorded
- built a lot of infrastructure helped bring people together.

34
Q

Alexander the Great

A

356 born to Philip II and Olympias, from Epirus in Illyria
- Plutarch (main source for Alexander as a youth is Plutarch) Story of Bucephalus

> Horse thought un ridable and mind is broken but Philip refuses rides anyway showing early signs of determintation.
- Aristotle tutor teacher of Alexander
338 bc Battle of Chaeronea (general in charge of cavalry forces on the left against Thebes)
336 BC Alexander becomes king of Macedonia
eliminated rivals: attalos, cleopatra and daughter
Aristotle thought all barbarians as natural slaves to be ruled by him, Alexander disagrees and uses this to help build his empire.
Killed more than the Persians had in over 150 years of campaign
- all of his battles were fought by rivers,
- fatal crazy courage
- focused cavalry blow
- wanted to show people he was not going to enforce Greek to Persians.
- bowing to the kiss Persian tradition and Greeks refused to do it to Alexander
- 300 Persian Boys to the army and the already existing army thought maybe he was phasing them out.

35
Q

Battle of Granicus

A
  • fights Darius 3 Memnon of Rhodes (Greek Mercenaries) general of Persian forces
  • victory of Granicus river opened way into Asia minor: troops occupy Sardis (western capital of Persian Empire)
    Alexander then takes Miletus and abandons navy
36
Q

Battle of Issus

A
  • Darius escapes leaving his wealth and family now hostages
  • alexander rejects peace terms and ransom of family.
  • Pinarus River northern Syria
37
Q

Battle of Gaugemela

A

> defeat of Persian Empire
Alexander now ruler of Persian Empire.
Concentrate cavalry and special silver shields cut down the Persians center lines where Darius were. Darius flees.

38
Q

Battle Hydaspes River

A
  • versus King Poros and 200 war elephants
  • Bucephalus dies
  • mutiny of men
    > tired 1800 kilmoteres in eight years.
    > November 326 begins to march home.
    > idea was to take ships and have them follow army along the coast.
    > deserts and were attacked constant
39
Q

Athenian Women

A

Athenian “citizens”; 451: Pericles’ citizenship law; given citizenship for marriage and purposes for procreation
Under legal protection of guardian/Kyrios: father, husband, son, closest male relative; responsible for marriage dowry
Young girls read/wrote enough to run household; rich better educated
Married around 14 to ensure they were virgins (parthenoi)
Chief responsibility: Produce male heir for the oikos (household) to pass on family property to
Exposure of infants (usually sick or deformed or female infants) by father
Daughter could become epikleros (Heiress): if father had no sons, she and family property were decreed in Assembly to closest male relative of the deceased, and she would marry this relative, keeping property within family
Athenian citizen women could own jewelry and personal slaves
Another main domestic role: weaving clothes in loomroom; also supervising slaves and cooking
Evidence of segregation of women at Athens
No political rights: could not attend assembly or serve as a juror or hold public office (except priestesses)
Could be public mourners at funerals; socialize at fountain houses
Attended private religious festivals solely for women eg. Thesmophoria - Demeter; Could carry baskets in Panathenaic procession
Could be priestesses; Priestess of Athena Polias (guardian of the city): Most important public office

Ancient Greece (19 decks)

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