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Greece and Eastern Europe Flashcards

1
Q

What PDOs are in the Heraklion region of Greece?

A

Dafnes, Archanes, and Peza

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2
Q

Name three “first growths” of Tokaj (not including the “great first growths”)?

A

Disnoko, Hetszolo, and Pajzos are easy ones to remember because there are producers named after them.

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3
Q

Name three indigenous grapes of Bulgaria.

A

Mavrud, Melnik 55, Rubin, Kandarka, Red Misket, Dimyat, Rkatsitelli

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4
Q

What Slovenian appellation is an extension of Friuli’s Carso?

A

Kras

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5
Q

What is the most important wine region in Russia?

A

Krasnodar

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6
Q

Why are most wineries in Tokaj founded in the early 1990s?

A

During communism, all production was in the hands of a single, state-run company. The iron curtain fell in 1989.

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7
Q

What style of wine is produced in the Dafnes PDO? What grape is used?

A

100% Liatiko, reds only, dry or sweet.

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8
Q

What are the two PDO appellations of Rhodes?

A

Rhodes PDO & Muscat of Rhodes PDO

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9
Q

What is nychteri?

A

Nychteri is a style of wine made in Santorini; min. 75% Assyrtiko with Athiri and Aidani, aged for a min. of 3 months.

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10
Q

Name two blending partners for Mandilaria in PDO wines.

A

Kotsifali (Crete) and Monemvassia (Paros)

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11
Q

What is unique about the vine training on Santorini and why?

A

Santorini is affected by strong Aegean winds so vines are trained in a stefani (crown) shape low to the ground that allows the grapes to be sheltered in the middle of the vine crown.

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12
Q

What are the seven PDO zones of Crete? Which were original appellations in 1971 and which were added in 2012.

A

1971: Archanes, Dafnes, Sitia & Peza
2012: Candia, Malvasia Candia, and Malvasia Sitia

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13
Q

Name three regional PGIs of Greece.

A

Peloponnese, Macedonia, Thessalia, Epirus, etc.

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14
Q

What is Pezsgö?

A

Sparkling wine made in Hungary

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15
Q

Name 5 winemaking countries that touch the Danube river?

A

Romania, Bulgaria, Croatia, Hungary, Austria, Germany

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16
Q

What grape is the principal component of Mantinia PDO wines?

A

Moschofilero

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17
Q

What is the most planted white grape in Crete?

A

Vilana

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18
Q

What grapes is Verdea traditionally made with?

A

Skiadopoulo, Parlos, and Augoustiatis

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19
Q

What style can Muscat of Samos be made in?

A

Vin de liqueur, vin doux naturel, or naturally sweet

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20
Q

What country’s appellations are VOCs?

A

Czech Republic

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21
Q

What is the grape of Nemea?

A

Agiorgitiko (St. George)

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22
Q

What are the 3 PDO districts of Thessalia?

A

Rapsani, Messenikola, Anchialos

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23
Q

In the PDOs of Cephalonia, what grapes are dry wines made from? What grapes are sweet wines made from?

A

dry white wine – Robolo of Cephalonia PDO
sweet white wine – Muscat Blanc a Petits Grains (Muscat of Cephalonia PDO)
sweet red wine — Mavrodaphne, plus max. 50% Maori Korinthiaki (Mavrodaphne of Cephalonia PDO)

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24
Q

What are the favourable vintages in the 90s in Tokaj.

A

1991, 1993, 1996, and 1999

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25
Q

Name two PDOs of Primorska?

A

Goriska Brda, Kras, Slovenska, and Vipavska Dolina

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26
Q

What Slovenia appellation is an extension of Friuli’s Colli Goriziano?

A

Goriška Brda

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27
Q

What PDO sits at the base of Mt. Olympus?

A

Rapsani

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28
Q

T or F: Retsina can be vintage dated.

A

False, it cannot.

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29
Q

What two vineyards are the “Great 1st Growths” of Tokaj?

A

Szarvas and Mézes Mály

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30
Q

What is Profitis Ilias?

A

Santorini’s highest mountain

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31
Q

PGI wines integrate Greece’s former “vin de pays” category, which was previously called what?

A

Topikos Inos

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32
Q

Name four PDOs for which Xinomavro is the primary grape.

A

Naoussa, Amynteo, Goumenissa, and Rapsani

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33
Q

Who controls all the production of Muscat of Samos?

A

The Union of Viticultural Cooperatives of Samos

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34
Q

T or F: The Great Plain, in the south of Hungary, is known for wine of everyday quality that is consumed locally?

A

True

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35
Q

Who makes Legacy 1879?

A

Boutari; Xinomavro from Naoussa with 60% new oak

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36
Q 
What are the former corresponding RS levels for the following Aszú levels:
3 Puttonyos
4 Puttonyos
5 Puttonyos
6 Puttonyos
Aszúesszencia (7-9 Puttonyos)
Natúresszencia
A 
60 g/L 
90 g/L
120 g/L
150 g/L
180 g/L
450 g/L (formerly 250 g/L)
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37
Q

What are the 4 PDO regions of the Peloponnese that produce sweet wine?

A

Muscat of Patras, Muscat of Rio Patras, Mavrodaphne of Patras, Monemvassia-Malvasia.

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38
Q

Where is the Drava River?

A

Slovenia; Podravska = Drava River Valley

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39
Q

What organization is Istran Szepsy one of the founding members of and what is their mission? What wineries is Szepsy associated with?

A

“Circle of Mád” - dedicated to elevating the status of dry Tokaji. Szepsy is a winemaker and key figure in Royal Tokaji Company and Királyudvar formerly, and now his own winery Istvan Szepsy.

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40
Q

What are the aging requirements for Tokaji Szamorodni, Maslas, and Forditas?

A

2 years minimum, with at least one in barrel.

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41
Q

When did the iron curtain fall? Name 5 countries whose wine industries were heavily affected by this.

A

1989; Germany (to a small extent), Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, Ukraine, Moldova (the latter two to lesser extents as well)

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42
Q

Lemnos PDO wines are dominated by what grape? What is the permitted red grape?

A

Moscato Alexandrias; Limnio

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43
Q

In what PDO is the grape Limnio most significant?

A

Slopes of Meliton PDO

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44
Q

What are the better soils/aspects of Tokaj?

A

Soils - volcanic loess/clay. Aspects - southfacing

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45
Q

On what country’s labels would you find the terms DOC - CMD, DOC - CT and DOC - CIB? What does each term mean?

A

Romania;
DOC - CMD = grapes harvested at full maturity
DOC - CT = late harvested grapes
DOC - CIB = botrytis-affected grapes

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46
Q

What are the PGIs of Slovenia.

A

Primorska, Podravska, and Posavska

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47
Q

Samos is an island in what sea?

A

Aegean Sea

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48
Q

In what country would you find the native grapes Feteascā Negra and Feteascaā Regalā?

A

Romania

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49
Q

Name the 4 PDO appellations of Macedonia.

A

Slopes of Meliton, Amynteo, Naoussa, Goumenissa

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50
Q

Name 5 countries that border Hungary.

A

Slovakia, Ukraine, Romania, Serbia, Croatia, Slovenia, Austria

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51
Q

Where are Verdea Traditional Appellation wines produced?

A

Zakynthos – Ionian Islands

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52
Q

What is the only Greek appellation to mandate the use of a white grape in red blends?

A

Paros PDO

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53
Q

Koutsi is a sub-zone of what PDO?

A

Nemea

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54
Q

In what region do most red wines from Croatia get made?

A

Dalmatia

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55
Q

Who are the largest owners of Mezes Maly?

A

Royal Tokaji Company owns 11 hectares and Degenfeld owns 13 hectares.

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56
Q

What direction do most of the vineyards of Crete face?

A

North

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57
Q

Anchialos PDO allows for only ____ wine blended from what two grapes?

A

Dry white; Roditis & Savvatiano

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58
Q

What are the two principal grapes of Tokaj? What are the other authorized grapes?

A

Furmint, Harslevelu. Authorized: Sagra Muskotaly (Muscat Blanc a Petits Grains), Zeta (Oremus), Kabar, and Koverszolo

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59
Q

In what PGI is the Malagousia grape most significant?

A

Halkidiki

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60
Q 
Name the dominant grape of the following PDOs:
Anchiolas
Naoussa
Dafnes
Lemnos
Zitsa 
Nemea 
Goumenissa
Mantinia  
Messenikola
Patras 
Amynteo
A 
Anchiolas -- Roditis
Naoussa -- Xinomavro
Dafnes -- Liatiko
Lemnos -- Muscat of Alexandria
Zitsa -- Debina
Nemea -- Agioritiko
Goumenissa -- Xinomavro + Negoska
Mantinia  -- Moschofilero
Messenikola -- Mavro Messenikola
Patras -- Roditis 
Amynteo -- Xinomavro
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61
Q

What is “kouloura”?

A

The technique of “weaving” vines into a basket shape (stefani/crown) used on the island of Santorini.

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62
Q

What is the most planted grape of Croatia?

A

Graševina (Welschriesling)

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63
Q

Describe the qualities of the top vintages for Tokaj in Hungary.

A
  • Dry, hot summers, with intermittent rains and cool nights
  • early ripening with botrytis onset in August and September
  • long harvest, September - November
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64
Q

What two isles does the Paros PDO cover?

A

Paros and Antiparos

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65
Q

What does Fehér Bor describe?

A

Hungarian white wine

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66
Q

Name three growing regions in Slovenia?

A

Primorska (Goriska Brda is within), Podravje, Posavje

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67
Q

Place in order from north to south: Macedonia, Crete, Peloponnese, Santorini, Sterea Ellada, Thessalia.

A

Macedonia, Thessalia, Sterea Ellada, Peloponnese, Santorini, Crete

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68
Q

Name two wine regions of Lebanon.

A

Bekaa Valley and Batroun

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69
Q

What region is directly south of Sterea Ellada?

A

Peloponnese

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70
Q

What red grape originated on the island of Lemnos but is no longer important on the island?

A

Limnio

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71
Q

What are the cepage requirements for Egri Bikaver?

A

Must be a blend of at least three grapes, including Kekfrankos. Other authorized grapes include Zweigelt, Cab Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Pinot Noir, Syrah, and a whole slew of native grapes.

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72
Q

What is the name of the prince who first delimited regions in Tokaj?

A

Prince Rakoczy

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73
Q

What producer is responsible for 65% of Santorini’s production?

A

Santo Wines, a cooperative

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74
Q

Name three indigenous Croatian grapes.

A

Graševina, Grk, Malvazija Istarska, Pošip, Plavac Mali

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75
Q

What is Retsina?

A

An aromatized white wine flavored with Aleppo pine resin.

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76
Q

What are the 3 PDO regions of the Peloponnese that can make dry wine? What grape is prominent in each?

A

Nemea — Agiorgitiko
Mantinia — Moschofilero
Patras — Roditis

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77
Q

Where is Thirasia?

A

Thirasia is the other inhabited isle of the Santorini PDO, along with Thera (aka Santorini)

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78
Q

What are the 2 levels of PDO wines in Greece?

A

AOC/OPE – Controlled Appellation of Origin

AOSQ/OPAP – Appellation of Superior Quality

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79
Q

What style of sweet wine is produced in the Santorini PDO?

A

“Vinsanto” = dried grape wine from Assyrtiko (min. 51%), plus Athiri and Aidani

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80
Q

East to West: Primorska, Podravska, Posavska

A

Podravska, Posavska, Primorska

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81
Q

“Grand Reserve” on a PDO Greek wine means what aging requirements for red/white wine?

A

whites – min. 2 years (at least 1 year in barrel, 6 months in bottle)
reds – min. 4 years (at least 18 months in barrel, 18 months in bottle)

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82
Q

Who makes “601”?

A

Achaia Clauss, their Mavrodaphne of Patras

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83
Q

What two grapes would you find in a wine released under the Goumenissa PDO? Where is it?

A

Xinomavro w/ min. 20% Negoska; Macedonia

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84
Q

Name the five regions of Bulgaria.

A

Danubian Plain, Thracian Lowlands, Black Sea Region, Struma River Valley, Rose Valley

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85
Q

What is Europe’s largest lake and where is it?

A

Lake Balaton, Transdanubia in Hungary

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86
Q

When was the last major eruption in Santorini?

A

17th century BCE

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87
Q

What PDOs of Crete may make only dry wine?

A

Archanes (dry red from Kotsifali + Mandilaria)
Peza (dry red and white from Vilana and Kotsifali + Mandilaria)
Candia (dry red and white from Vilana and Kotsifali + Mandilaria)

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88
Q

What is the product of refermenting wine with the spent lees of Tokaji Aszú called?

A

Máslás

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89
Q

Name three PDOs that authorize Roditis for production?

A

Patras, Anchialos, Slopes of Meliton

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90
Q

What is the full name of Tokaj?

A

Tokaj-Hegyalja (Tokaj Foothills)

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91
Q

AOC/OPE is a PDO status reserved for _______.

A

Traditional sweet wines

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92
Q

What does “Palaiomenos se vareli” mean on a bottle of Greek wine marked “Cava” “Reserve” or “Grand Reserve”?

A

Oak aging exceeds minimum requirements

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93
Q

Name three villages of Tokaj.

A

Tarcal, Mad, Mezozombor, Bodrogkerestur, Tolcsva, Tokaj

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94
Q

What changes took place in March 2014 for the production of Tokaji Aszu?

A

3 and 4 Puttonyos has been eliminated, and the “puttonyos” system abolished altogether. Tokaji Aszu now has to be at least 120 g/L of residual sugar.

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95
Q

In what PDOs of Greece do you find Muscat of Alexandria?

A

Lemnos and Muscat of Lemnos

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96
Q

The Tokaj region of Hungary is at the confluence of what two rivers?

A

Tisza and Bodrog

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97
Q

True or False: wines of Nemea can only be dry?

A

False, they can be dry or sweet.

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98
Q

What are the main soils of Hungary?

  1. Who created the first Hungarian classification? How did it work? how many vineyards are classified?
    Prince Rákóczy / 3 levels = 1st, 2nd, 3rd / 1772
    74, 27 villages
A

Great Plain = loess and sand
Lake Balaton = complex mix of basalt volcanic rock with clay and sandstone
Balatonfured = limestone and slate
Tokaj = volcanic with top soil of decayed lava

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99
Q

Where is Mount Athos?

A

Macedonia; near Slopes of Meliton

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100
Q

What were the three main wines of Greece that were exported post WWII?

A

Retsina, Mavrodaphne of Patras, and Samos

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101
Q

Why does malolactic fermentation rarely occur in Santorini?

A

There is hardly any remaining malic acid in the grapes when they’re harvested and the low pH precludes occurrence as well

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102
Q

What two regions on the Greek mainland have no PDO appellations?

A

Thrace & Central Greece (Sterea Ellada)

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103
Q

What is the approximate size of a puttony?

A

25 kg. (approx. 25 L)

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104
Q

What do the Greeks call “Thira”?

A

Santorini

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105
Q

What region lies to the west of Thessalia on the Ionian Coast?

A

Epirus

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106
Q 
Where are the following producers based:
Kir-Yianni 
Achaia Clauss 
Gai'a -- 
Hatzidakis 
Skouras 
Ktima Gerovassiliou 
Sigalas
Domaine Carras
A 
Kir-Yianni -- Naoussa, Macedonia
Achaia Clauss -- Patras, Peloponnese
Gai'a -- Nemea and Santorini
Hatzidakis -- Santorini
Skouras -- northern Peloponnese
Ktima Gerovassiliou -- Thessaloniki PGI, Macedonia
Sigalas -- Santorini
Domaine Carras -- Slopes of Meliton, Macedonia
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107
Q

Name three main sub-regions of Romania.

A 
Crisana + Maramures
Banat
Transylvania Plateau
Hills of Muntenia + Oltenia 
Danube Terraces 
Hills of Dobrogea 
Hills of Moldova
108
Q

Name one of Plavac Mali’s parent grapes.

A

Tribidrag

109
Q

What is the required acquired alcohol range for Tokaj Eszencia and Tokaj Aszu?

A

Tokaj Eszencia – 1.2-8%
Aszu – min. 9%

110
Q

What is the white volcanic ash of Santorini called?

A

Aspa

111
Q

What style of wine is Eger known for?

A

Egri Bikavér – “the bull’s blood of Eger”

112
Q

What is another name for Central Greece?

A

Sterea Ellada

113
Q

Where is the Cotnari DOC and what grape is it known for?

A

Hills of Moldova, Romania; sweet wine made from the Grasa grape

114
Q

Name three wineries in Israel.

A

Golan Heights, Galil Mountain, Dalton

115
Q

Where is the Târnave DOC?

A

Transylvania Plateau, Romania

116
Q

What PGI is commonly used in Santorini?

A

PGI Cyclades

117
Q

Who makes “Kavalieros”?

A

Domaine Sigalas, single vineyard Assyrtiko

118
Q

How many liters of finished Tokaji Aszú can be made from 100 kg of Aszú berries?

A

220 liters

119
Q

Which 2 PDOs in Macedonia produce wines solely from the Xinomavro grape?

A

Naoussa & Amynteo

120
Q

T or F: Lemnos PDO wines must be dry.

A

False: Lemnos PDO wines can be dry to medium sweet, as well as made in sweeter sun-dried (liastos) and fortified versions.

121
Q

Give the Croatian synonyms for Zinfandel.

A

Tribidrag and Crljenak Kašstelanski

122
Q

What is Hungary’s hottest region? Where is it?

A

Villany, along the southern Croatian border in Transdanubia.

123
Q

What are the major white and red grapes of the Paros PDO?

A

Mandilaria – red

Monemvassia – white

124
Q

Name the 6 regions that the Greek mainland is split into?

A 
Macedonia
Epirus
Peloponnese
Thessalia (Thessaly)
Thrace
Central Greece (Strea Ellada)
125
Q

Name three PDOs of Greece that are authorized for sparkling wine production.

A

Zitsa (Epirus), Mantinia (Peloponnese), Amynteo (Macedonia)

126
Q

What is the soil type of Santorini?

A

Poor, volcanic soils on a bedrock of limestone and granite

127
Q

What is nychteri? Where does it get its name?

A

Nychteri is a style of wine made in Santorini; min. 75% Assyrtiko with Athiri and Aidani, aged for a min. of 3 months. Nychteri means “night” and is called this because it was traditionally pressed at night to limit oxidation.

128
Q

What are the major white and red grapes of the Sitia PDO?

A

white – Vilana (min. 70% plus Thrapsathiri)

red – Liatiko (with min. 20% Mandilaria)

129
Q

What country is broadly divided into the Istria and Dalmatia zones in its coastal regions?

A

Croatia

130
Q

The Rapsani PDO is primarily planted to what grape? What grapes is it mandatory to blend with it?

A

Xinomavro; Krasato & Stavroto

131
Q

Where in Tokaj are the “great first growths” located? What makes these sites particularly desirable?

A

Szarvas and Mezes Maly are in the southeastern extension of Tokaj, where the town of Tokaj is and where the Tisza and Bodrog meet. The confluence of the rivers provides ideal conditions for the growth of botrytis. The best vineyards have steep aspects and south facing slopes.

132
Q

What PDOs of Crete may only make sweet wine?

A

Malvasia Candia and Malvasia Sitia

133
Q

Who makes “Megas Oenos” and “Megas Oenos Labrynthos” and what are they?

A

Skouras in the Peloponnese (PGI Peloponnese); 20% Cabernet Sauvignon and 80% Agiorgitiko; The Labyrynthos was a project started in 1999 by George Skouras when he filled a large barrel with Megas Oenos and would draw out 1/3 of the wine (approx. 300 bottles) every year, and top up with the current vintage. Solera style!

134
Q

What is the minimum potential alcohol for Eszencia and for Aszú (since 2014)?

A

Eszencia — 27.75%

Aszú — 19%

135
Q

What is the most planted white grape variety in Greece?

A

Roditis

136
Q

In what two regions does 80% of Ukraine’s wine production take place in?

A

Crimea and Odessa

137
Q

Name three countries that border Hungary.

A

Slovakia, Croatia, Slovenia, Austria, Romania

138
Q

Semló and the appellations surrounding Lake Balaton are known for what grapes?

A

White wine from Furmint, Juhfark, and Welschriesling

139
Q

Where is the most Retsina produced?

A

Central Greece (Sterea Ellada), specifically Attika, the region surrounding Athens.

140
Q

What region of Hungary borders Austria’s Burgenland and what grape is grown there?

A

Sopron; Blaufrankisch (Kékfrankos)

141
Q

What are the most common grapes of Villany?

A

Bordeaux varieties (especially Cab Franc), Kékfrankos, Kékoportó (Blauer Portugieser)

142
Q

What are the three PDOs of Crete that were approved in 2012? When were the other four approved?

A

Candia, Malvasia Candia, and Malvasia Sitia were approved in 2012; Dafnes, Archanes, Sitia, and Peza were all established when Greek appellations were first approved in 1971.

143
Q

In what year did Greece see its first appellation classification?

A

1971

144
Q

What style of wine is made in the Mavrodaphne of Patras PDO?

A

Sweet red vin doux natural (from dried grapes or non-dried grapes with the addition of additional grape must)

145
Q

Marri Korinthiaki is a currant grape used for enriching the sugar content of what wine? How much may be used?

A

Mavrodaphne of Patras; max. 49%

146
Q

In what region of Greece was the first sparkling wine produced?

A

Mantinia, Peloponnese

147
Q

What does Jegbor refer to in Hungarian Wine?

A

Ice Wine

148
Q

Who makes Assyrtiko de Mylos?

A

Hatzidakis, single vineyard, 100 year-old vine Assyrtiko

149
Q

What country is home to the Milestii Mici (“Golden Collection”) – the largest wine collection in the world?

A

Moldova

150
Q

Where did Ernest Toole make wine?

A

Cephalonia

151
Q

What PDOs of Crete may make dry and sweet wine?

A

Dafnes (100% Liatiko, dry or sweet red)

Sitia (dry whites from Vilana and Liatiko-based dry or sweet reds)

152
Q

What is the largest island of the Dodecanese chain?

A

Rhodes

153
Q

What are the favourable vintages of the 2000s in Tokaj?

A

2000, 2003, 2006, 2007, 2013

154
Q

What is the major grape and supporting grapes of the Santorini PDO?

A

Assyrtiko (min. 75%), sometimes blended with Athiri and Aidani.

155
Q

Name 5 PDO regions of Transdanubia (Dunántúl) in Hungary.

A

Szekszárd, Badacsony, Balaton, Somló, Villany, Sopron

156
Q

Where is the PDO Dingač and what grape is it known for?

A

Dalmatian Coast, Croatia; Plavac Mali

157
Q

What mountain range shelters the Tokaji region?

A

Carpathian mountains.

158
Q

What are the most planted red and white grapes in Bulgaria?

A

Red: Cab and Merlot. White: Rkatsiteli and Dimyat

159
Q

Describe the qualities of poor vintages in Tokaj.

A
  • Too late ripening
  • Too dry, zero botrytis
  • cool and rainy summers
  • rain at harvest — rot and dilution
160
Q

What country’s Tokajská appellation makes similar wines to Tokaj?

A

Slovakia

161
Q

What is the difference between tokaj and tokaji?

A

tokaj = the region; tokaji = the wine BUT the wines from the village of tokaj itself may be called tokaj

162
Q

What are the aging requirements for Tokaji Aszú?

A

May not be released until January 1, 3 years after harvest. At least 18 months in barrel.

163
Q

What is the most popular red grape on the island of Santorini?

A

Mavrotragano

164
Q

What grapes compose Egri Bikavér, both historically and in modern day?

A

Historically - Kadarka. Modern - Kékfrankos, Cab, Cab Franc, Merlot

165
Q

What PDO of Greece is known for continuing to cultivate its grapes on stone terraces?

A

Samos

166
Q

What Greek grape translates to “acid black”?

A

Xinomavro

167
Q

What style of Tokaji is made with a mixture of aszú and non-aszú grapes is often oxidative in style, and matured for 2 years in cask, sometimes under a layer of flor?

A

Tokaji Szamorodni

168
Q

What does “Cava” indicate on a bottle of PGI wine?

A

white and pink – 1 year aging with at least 6 months in oak

red – 3 year aging with at least 1 year in oak

169
Q

Where does Hungarian oak come from in Hungary?

A

The Zemplén forest, north of Tokaj, on the Slovakian border

170
Q

What are the only two regions allowed to use “Bikavér” on their labels?

A

Eger (N. Hungary) and Szekszárd (Transdanubia)

171
Q

The Aegean islands can be found where in relation to the mainland of Greece?

A

Southeast.

172
Q

What styles of wine can be produced in the Amynteo PDO?

A

Red and rosé from Xinomavro. Rosé may be sparkling and both can be dry to medium sweet.

173
Q

What is the naturally sweet version of Muscat of Samos called? How is it made and what are the aging requirements?

A

Samnos Nectar; made similarly to vin de paille – dried grapes; aged for a min. of 3 years prior to release.

174
Q

What is the maximum residual sugar for Szamorodni, Forditas, and Maslas “szaraz”? What is the minimum residual sugar for Szamordoni, Forditas, and Maslas “edes”?

A

9 g/L; 45 g/L

175
Q

When is harvest typically in Santorini?

A

Mid-August (Nychteri and Vinsanto would be later)

176
Q

What is Controliran?

A

A superior controlled appellation of origin within a DGO (Declared Geographic Origin) in Bulgaria.

177
Q

Is must enrichment or wine sweetening allowed in Tokaj?

A

No, since the 2014, enrichment, sweeting, and bottling outside of the Tokaj region has been banned.

178
Q

What are the soils like in Tokaj?

A

Loess and clay with volcanic topsoil.

179
Q

What is the only PDO zone of Epirus, and what kind of wine does it make and from what grape?

A

Zitsa PDO; dry, semi-sweet, and sparkling wine made from the Debina grape.

180
Q

What are the two most important regions in Northern Hungary?

A

Tokaj and Eger

181
Q

What PDO is the phrase “blood of the lion”/”blood of Hercules” associated with?

A

Nemea

182
Q

“Reserve” on a Greek PDO wine means what aging requirements for red & white wine?

A

whites – min. 1 year (at least 6 months in barrel, 3 months in bottle)
reds – min. 2 years (at least 1 year in barrel, 6 months in bottle)

183
Q

What winery was founded in 1997 as a high-end spinoff of Boutari?

A

Kir-Yianni, Macedonia (holdings in both Amynteo and Naoussa)

184
Q

What are the two Cyclades islands with PDOs?

A

Santorini and Paros.

185
Q

What are the major white and red grapes of the Peza PDO?

A

white – 100% Vilana

red– blend of Mandilaria and Kotsifali

186
Q

What is the product of refermenting wine with the pressed paste of Tokaji Aszú called?

A

Forditás

187
Q

What is the difference between the “varietal” and “table” categories of PGI wines in Greece?

A

“Varietal” can carry a vintage and variety on the label. “Table” cannot.

188
Q

What are the varietal and aging requirements for Monemvassia-Malvasia PDO?

A

Must be aged in an oxidative environment for at least 2 years and must at least be 51% Monemvassia. Can only be aged in multiples of 4 years after the original 2 years.

189
Q

In what country are the wines of Massandra made? What style of wine are they known for?

A

Ukraine, fortified wines

190
Q

What terms describe Tokaji Szamorodni dry and sweet.

A

száras/édes

191
Q

What country does the wine region Hvratsko Primorje PDO touch?

A

Slovenia

192
Q

What PDO is a single estate appellation for Domaine Carras? What region is it in?

A

Slopes of Meliton PDO; Macedonia.

193
Q

What style of wine is made in the Monemvassia-Malvasia PDO.

A

Sweet wine produced from sun-dried grapes or VDN

194
Q

What does “liastos” mean?

A

Liastos describes naturally sweet (as opposed to fortified) wine, usually made from sun-dried/straw mat-dried grapes.

195
Q

What PDO is the Tsantali winery most known for?

A

Rapsani; the only producer with significant vines in the PDO

196
Q

Achaia Clauss is a famous estate for the production of what wine?

A

Mavrodaphne of Patras.

197
Q

T or F: Muscat of Patras and Muscat of Rio Patras PDOs must be made in a vin doux naturel style.

A

False, they can be made naturally sweet too and in vin doux liqueur.

198
Q

Why is it possible to produce Tokaj in Slovakia?

A

2 of the original villages of production were given to slovakia after WWI = name is Tokajasky Vyber

199
Q

What is the largest and southernmost Greek isle?

A

Crete

200
Q

What styles of wine can be made in the Rhodes PDO? From what grapes?

A

White, red, rosé, and sparkling (dry to medium sweet) from Athiri and Mandilaria

201
Q

What is Grgić Vina?

A

Mike Grigch’s estate on the Dalmatian Coast in Croatia

202
Q

Is Retsina a PDO wine?

A

No, it’s a covered by several PGIs

203
Q

What are the aging requirements for Mavrodaphne of Patras?

A

At least 1 year in wood before release.

204
Q

Name two geographic features that affect the wine-growing regions of Romania?

A

Black Sea & Carpathian Mountains

205
Q

Messenikola is a PDO in ______ that produces only _______ wine from what grapes?

A

Thessalia; dry red; Mavro Messenikola, plus Carignan and Syrah

206
Q

What is Demestica?

A

A Greek grape popularised by Achaia Clauss

207
Q

Name three appellations in Israel.

A

Galille, Samaria, Samson, Judean Hills, Negev

208
Q

What two regions is Mavrodaphne most prominent in?

A

Peloponnese and Cephalonia

209
Q

What is the name of the barrel that holds the base wine or must that the puttony of aszú is traditionally added to for Tokaji? How much does it hold?

A

Gönc (plural: gönci). Approx. 136 L.

210
Q

How long is Grand Reserve Mavrodaphne of Patras aged?

A

Minimum 7 years, including 3 years in oak

211
Q

What modern organization protects Rakoczy’s original classification?

A

Tokaj Renaissance

212
Q

What are the two main wine regions of the Czech Republic? Which is responsible for 96% of the republic’s acreage?

A

Bohemia and Moravia; Moravia

213
Q

T or F: Red wine is more common in central Transdanubia rather than the extreme north or south?

A

False: red wine is more common in the extreme north and south of Transdanubia

214
Q

In what country is the PDO Plešivica?

A

Croatia

215
Q

What is Rubin?

A

A cross of Nebbiolo and Syrah native to Bulgaria

216
Q

Define Esezencia.

A

Wine made from free run juice that settles from the Aszú must. Usually these wines take several years to ferment to just 2-3% alcohol.

217
Q

What is Hungary’s largest wine region?

A

Kunság –> mass produced wine

218
Q

What is the most common red grape throughout the Aegean?

A

Mandilaria.

219
Q

In what PDO is Mount Vermion?

A

Naoussa

220
Q

What is “meltemia”?

A

A cooling northern wind on Santorini.

221
Q

What are the three main, overarching wine regions of Hungary?

A

North Hungary aka Észak Magyarkország, Transdanubia aka Dunántúl (west), Great Plain aka Duna (south)

222
Q

In what country does California winemaker Mike Grgich have a winery?

A

Croatia

223
Q

What style of wine are Muscat of Lemnos wines?

A

Sweet wine, either made naturally through sun-dried grapes, VDN, or VDL

224
Q

What is Egri Csillag?

A

Egri Csillag is a new addition to PDO Eger — a white blend of at least 4 grapes, 50% of the blend must be native grapes.

225
Q

What are the 4 wine producing islands in the Ionian Sea? What is the only one to have PDOs?

A

Cephalonia, Kerkyra (Corfu), Lefkada, Zakynthos. Cephanolia is the only one to have PDOs.

226
Q

What does Habzo refer to in Hungarian wine?

A

Sparkling

227
Q

What Greek island accounts for 20% of all Greek wine production?

A

Crete

228
Q

Name two Hungarian wine regions are on the shores of Lake Balanton.

A

Badacsony, Balaton-Felvidék, Káli, Balatonfüred-Csopak, Tihany, Balatonboglár, Zara, and Balaton

229
Q

What style of wines can be made in the Lemnos PDO?

A

White (dry, semi-dry, semi-sweet)
Red (dry)
Liastos or VDL
Moschato Alexandrias and Limnio

230
Q

What grapes can be used in the Monemvassia-Malvasia PDO?

A

Min. 51 Monemvassia, with Assyrtiko, Asproudes, and Kidonista.

231
Q

The Tokaj region is formerly known as what?

A

Tokaj-Hegyalja or Tokaj “Foothills”

232
Q

What is Greece’s coolest appellation?

A

Amynteo, within Macedonia

233
Q

What style of wine is made in the Archanes PDO?

A

Dry red only. Mandilaria blended with Kotsifali.

234
Q

What does Aszú translate to?

A

“Shrivelled”

235
Q

Name three wineries in Lebanon.

A

Chateau Musar, Kefraya, Massaya

236
Q

What styles of wine are made in the Slopes of Meliton PDO?

A

Dry white from Roditis and Assyrtiko, with Athiri allowed

Dry red from Cabernet Sauvignon with Cab Franc and Limnio allowed

237
Q

Patras PDO are dry white wines produced from 100% of what grape?

A

Roditis

238
Q

Name two producers of Santorini Vinsanto.

A

Argyrous, Roussos, Gai’a, Gavalas

239
Q

Where is the Isthmus of Corinth?

A

The Isthmus of Corinth connects the Peloponnese to the mainland.

240
Q

Name two bodies of water that affect the climate of Bulgaria.

A

Danube River and Black Sea

241
Q

The Greek islands are broadly split into what two groups?

A

Aegean islands & Ionian islands

242
Q

What are the principal red and white grapes of the Rhodes PDO?

A

Mandilaria – red
Athiri – white
(Min. 70% each)

243
Q

North to south: Monemvassia-Malvasia, Nemea, Patras

A

Patras, Nemea, Monemvassia-Malvasia (this is also west to east)

244
Q

What are the required grapes of the Goumenissa PDO? What region is it in?

A

Xinomavro w/ at least 20% Negoska; Macedonia

245
Q

What is the southernmost PDO in Europe?

A

Crete

246
Q

What is the most planted grape in Crete?

A

Vilana

247
Q

What is kataboladi?

A

The Greek term for layering/provignage, the method of replanting kouloura vines

248
Q

North to south: Ukraine, Bulgaria, Romania

A

Ukraine, Romania, Bulgaria

249
Q

In the Muscat of Samos PDO, Muscat Blanc a Petits Grains is known as what?

A

Moscato Aspro

250
Q

What three grapes are in Chateau Musar’s flagship red? White?

A

Red — Cab, Carignan, and Cinsault

White — Obaideh and Merwah

251
Q

What three grapes have their own PDOs in Cephalonia?

A

Robola, Mavrodaphne, and Muscat

252
Q

How many wine regions are there total in Hungary?

A

22

253
Q

What style of wine is made on the Malvasia Paros PDO?

A

Fortified or naturally sweet wine from Monemvassia and max. 15% Assyrtiko

254
Q

How are kouloura vines typically replanted?

A

Layering aka kataboladi, where the grower buries a cane from a living vine to generate a new plant

255
Q

What is Cherno More?

A

Another name for the Black Sea region in Bulgaria

256
Q

Verdea is similar to what famous wine styles?

A

Vin Jaune and Sherry

257
Q

What is Fobor?

A

A historic precursor to Szamorodni in Tokaj, Forbor can be botrytised and dry or sweet. It is not made in an oxidative style.

258
Q

Is irrigation common on Santorini?

A

Irrigation is illega and prohibitively expensive

259
Q

What two regions of Hungary can legally produce Bikavér?

A

Eger and Szekszárd

260
Q

What is zoldveltelini?

A

GV in Hungary

261
Q

Place from west to east: Slovenia, Hungary, Croatia

A

Slovenia, Croatia, Hungary

262
Q

What is Verdea?

A

A PGI “Traditional Appellation” for oxidative white wine produced on the island of Zakyntnos in the Ionian Sea.

263
Q

What PGI would you find in the same area as the Slopes of Meliton PDO?

A

Halkidiki

264
Q

What grape translates to ‘black laurel’?

A

Mavrodaphne

265
Q

What are the white and red varietals used by Domaine Carras in the Slopes of Meliton PDO?

A

red – Cab, Cab Franc, Limnio

white – Assyrtiko, Athiri, and Roditis

266
Q

Name three countries whose vineyards are affected by the Black Sea.

A

Romania, Bulgaria, Ukraine, Moldova

MS (21 decks)

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