GRE Vocab 008-30- Ielts Resources

Question 1

Decompose

Answer 1

• Decompose means to separate or break down into simpler parts or elements.
• The body must have been decomposing for several weeks.
• Certain kinds of plastic decompose quickly.
• Microbes decompose organic waste into a mixture of methane and carbon dioxide

Question 2

lighter fractions

Answer 2

• Lighter fractions refer to hydrocarbon products with lower molecular weights obtained during fractional distillation of crude oil.
• Gasoline and kerosene are examples of lighter fractions.
• These fuels have low boiling points and ignite easily.
• In the refining process, separating lighter fractions is crucial for various applications

Question 3

inefficient

Answer 3

• Inefficient means not achieving maximum productivity.
• The delivery system was very inefficient.
• An inefficient use of fuel can harm the environment.
• In a complex process, identifying inefficiencies is crucial for improvement

Question 4

separations of distillery

Answer 4

• Distillation is the process of separating the component substances of a liquid mixture by selectively boiling the mixture and condensing the vapors.
• A distillery uses distillation to separate alcohol from fermented materials.
• In fractional distillation, different components of crude oil are separated.
• The process of distillation yields purified liquids for various applications

Question 5

redistillation

Answer 5

• Redistillation refers to the process of distilling a liquid again (making it stronger or purer by heating until it changes to a gas and then cooling so that it changes back into a liquid), often for a second, third, or subsequent time
• The alcohol is collected for redistillation.
• In the refining of essential oils, multiple redistillations are common to achieve desired purity.
• The process of redistillation is essential for recovering valuable compounds from complex mixtures

Question 6

primary fractions

Answer 6

• Primary fractions refer to the fundamental types of fractions that represent parts of a whole or a collection of objects.
• In a pizza, each slice corresponds to a primary fraction.
• Three-fifths and two-thirds are examples of primary fractions.
• Understanding primary fractions is essential for math concepts and real-world applications1

Question 7

coarse gravel

Answer 7

• The term “coarse gravel” refers to rough, large-grained pieces of rock or stone. It is commonly used in construction, landscaping, and road surfacing.
• The driveway was covered in coarse gravel, making it challenging to walk on.
• The riverbed was filled with coarse gravel, creating a natural habitat for aquatic organisms.
• The construction crew spread coarse gravel as a base layer before pouring the concrete for the new sidewalk.

Question 8

lump silica

Answer 8

• Lump silica, also known as quartzite, refers to naturally occurring, solid masses of crystalline silicon dioxide. It is commonly used in metallurgical industries as a flux during metal smelting and as a raw material for manufacturing ferrosilicon
• The foundry utilized lump silica to enhance the melting process during iron casting.
• Silicon metal production relies on high-quality lump silica as a crucial alloying element.
• The quartzite quarry yielded abundant lump silica for various industrial applications.

Question 9

inert material

Answer 9

• The term “inert material” refers to substances that do not easily react or chemically change when exposed to various external conditions such as heat, moisture, or chemicals.
• The foundry used inert material to line the furnace walls, preventing chemical reactions during metal smelting.
• Concrete, being an inert material, provides stability and durability in construction projects.
• In trenchless technology, stones and gravel are considered inert materials, playing a crucial role in soil resistivity and corrosion prevention

Question 10

crude petroleum

Answer 10

• Crude petroleum, also known as crude oil, is a naturally occurring liquid petroleum product composed of hydrocarbon deposits and other organic materials. It forms from the remains of animals and plants that lived millions of years ago, which were covered by layers of sand, silt, and rock, and subjected to heat and pressure. Crude oil is a nonrenewable resource, refined into usable products like gasoline, diesel, and feedstock for the petrochemical industry
• The oil refinery processes crude petroleum into various fuels and chemicals.
• Global economies heavily rely on crude oil for energy production and transportation.
• OPEC countries play a significant role in crude petroleum production and pricing.

Question 11

decompose

Answer 11

• The term “decompose” means to separate into constituent parts or elements or to break up into simpler compounds. It is commonly used in contexts such as biology, chemistry, and computer science.
• The body must have been decomposing for several weeks.
• Microbes decompose organic waste into a mixture of methane and carbon dioxide.
• In trenchless technology, stones and gravel are considered inert materials, playing a crucial role in soil resistivity and corrosion prevention

Question 12

carbon-to-carbon bonds

Answer 12

• Carbon-to-carbon bonds refer to covalent bonds between two carbon atoms. These bonds are fundamental in organic chemistry and play a crucial role in forming the backbone of organic molecules.
• Ethane contains a carbon-to-carbon single bond between its two carbon atoms.
• Alkenes exhibit a carbon-to-carbon double bond, resulting in unsaturation.
• Alkynes feature a carbon-to-carbon triple bond, making them reactive and useful in synthesis

Question 13

hydrocarbon molecules

Answer 13

• Hydrocarbon molecules are organic compounds composed solely of carbon © and hydrogen (H) elements. They form the backbone of petroleum, natural gas, and various industrial products.
• Gasoline contains hydrocarbon molecules that power internal combustion engines.
• Methane, a simple hydrocarbon, is the primary component of natural gas.
• Plastics, such as polyethylene, are derived from complex hydrocarbon molecules.

Question 14

heavier distillates

Answer 14

• Heavier distillates refer to the fractions of crude oil that have higher molecular weights and boil at higher temperatures during the distillation process. These components include diesel fuel, home heating oil, and residual fuel oil
• Diesel engines rely on heavier distillates for efficient combustion.
• Residual fuel oil, a heavier distillate, is used in industrial furnaces.
• Kerosene, falling within the heavier distillate category, is used for aviation fuel.

Question 15

residuum

Answer 15

• The term “residuum” refers to something residual or the remainder of a substance or process. It is commonly used in contexts related to chemistry and industrial processes.
• The urban residuum consisted of abandoned buildings and neglected spaces.
• Even highly decaffeinated coffee contains a tiny residuum of caffeine.
• In plain, spare prose, Hersey documented scenes of unprecedented ruin, capturing the ghostly residuum of calamity

Question 16

primary distillation

Answer 16

• Primary distillation refers to the initial step in the refining process of crude oil. During this process, heated crude oil is separated into various components based on their boiling points.
• Gasoline is obtained through primary distillation of crude oil.
• The crude distillation unit (CDU) performs primary distillation in oil refineries.
• Light hydrocarbons are extracted during primary distillation

Question 17

controlled thermal cracking

Answer 17

• Controlled thermal cracking refers to a process where heat is intentionally applied to break down complex hydrocarbon molecules into simpler ones. It is commonly used in petroleum refining to produce valuable products
• In visbreaking, controlled thermal cracking modifies heavy oil fractions to enhance their properties.
• Coking involves controlled thermal cracking of residual oil to yield petroleum coke
• High temperatures and pressure are key factors in controlled thermal cracking

Question 18

cracked gasoline

Answer 18

• Cracked gasoline refers to the gasoline fraction obtained through the process of controlled thermal cracking of crude oil. During this refining process, heavy hydrocarbon molecules are broken down into lighter components, including gasoline.
• Refineries produce cracked gasoline by subjecting crude oil to high temperatures and pressure.
• Gasoline engines rely on cracked gasoline for efficient combustion.
• The cracking process enhances the yield of valuable gasoline from crude oil

Question 19

gasoline production waved

Answer 19

• Gasoline production refers to the process of refining crude oil to obtain gasoline, a vital fuel for vehicles and machinery. It involves distillation, cracking, and other refining techniques.
• In the early 20th century, leaded gasoline was introduced despite known health risks, leading to public health concerns
• Controlled thermal cracking is used to enhance gasoline yield during the refining process
• Cracked gasoline powers internal combustion engines, contributing to global energy consumption

Question 20

cracking process

Answer 20

• Cracking is the process whereby complex organic molecules, such as long-chain hydrocarbons, are broken down into simpler molecules like light hydrocarbons by breaking carbon-carbon bonds. It plays a crucial role in petroleum refining, yielding valuable products like gasoline, diesel fuel, and jet fuel
• Gasoline production heavily relies on cracking to enhance fuel quality.
• Fluid catalytic cracking is a key method for producing petrol and LPG.
• Controlled thermal cracking modifies heavy oil fractions to improve their properties

Question 21

accumulating

Answer 21

• The term “accumulating” means to gather together or acquire an increasing number or quantity of something.
• Investigators have yet to accumulate enough evidence.
• Her goal was to accumulate a huge fortune.
• The toxin accumulated in their bodies

Question 22

enormous stocks

Answer 22

• The term “enormous” refers to something extremely large or great. It can describe physical size, quantity, or impact.
• The enormous skyscraper dominated the city skyline.
• The company’s profits grew at an enormous rate last quarter.
• The FAANG stocks (Facebook, Apple, Amazon, Netflix, and Google) have enormous market influence

Question 23

barrel of crude oil

Answer 23

• A barrel of crude oil is a unit of measurement commonly used in the petroleum industry. It represents approximately 42 US gallons or 159 liters of oil.
• Oil refineries process thousands of barrels of crude oil daily.
• The price per barrel significantly impacts global energy markets.
• OPEC countries collectively produce millions of barrels of crude oil

Question 24

catalytic cracking

Answer 24

• Catalytic cracking is a process in which complex hydrocarbons are broken down into simpler molecules. It occurs during petroleum refining to produce high-octane gasoline.
• Gasoline production heavily relies on catalytic cracking to enhance fuel quality.
• Fluid catalytic cracking is a key method for producing petrol and LPG.
• Controlled thermal cracking modifies heavy oil fractions to improve their properties

Question 25

granular

Answer 25

• The term “granular” describes something that is made of or resembles small grains or particles. It can refer to texture, details, or high levels of specificity.
• The granular texture of the soil made it ideal for gardening.
• The analysis needs to be more granular to understand customer preferences.
• In music production, granular synthesis manipulates sound at a microscopic level

Question 26

pelleted clay

Answer 26

• Pelleted clay refers to ordinary seeds that are covered in a coating, often made of inert materials like clay. This coating gives the seeds a “pellet” appearance.
• Gardeners use pelleted seeds for easier planting and handling.
• The clay coating on pelleted seeds provides protection during germination.
• Pelleted seeds are larger and less likely to blow away in the wind

Question 26

cracking

Answer 26

• Cracking is the process whereby complex organic molecules, such as long-chain hydrocarbons, are broken down into simpler molecules like light hydrocarbons by breaking carbon-carbon bonds. It plays a crucial role in petroleum refining, yielding valuable products like gasoline, diesel fuel, and jet fuel
• Gasoline production heavily relies on cracking to enhance fuel quality.
• Fluid catalytic cracking is a key method for producing petrol and LPG.
• Controlled thermal cracking modifies heavy oil fractions to improve their properties

Question 27

chambers

Answer 27

• A room used for formal or public events, such as council meetings or legislative sessions.
• One of the houses of a parliament, like the House of Commons or the House of Lords.
• A private room, often a bedroom, in a house or official residence.

Question 28

intermediate-boiling range

Answer 28

• The term “intermediate-boiling range” refers to the temperature range within which certain distillate fractions are obtained during the petroleum refining process. These fractions fall between the lighter components (such as naphtha) and the heavier ones (such as gas oil).
• Kerosene falls within the intermediate-boiling range, making it suitable for aviation fuel.
• Light gas oil is another product obtained from this range, used in diesel engines.
• The controlled thermal cracking process modifies heavy oil fractions to improve their properties within the intermediate-boiling range