GRE Vocab 007-44- Ielts Resources

Question 1

chloroform

Answer 1

• The surgeon used chloroform as an anesthetic during the 19th century, inducing unconsciousness for surgical procedures.
• Chloroform is a volatile liquid with a sweet odor, historically employed for its sedative properties but now replaced by safer alternatives in medical practice.

Question 2

sprinkled

Answer 2

• The term “sprinkled” means to scatter or disperse something in small drops or particles. For example, you might sprinkle herbs on a pizza or find a speech liberally sprinkled with jokes. It’s all about distributing something randomly or irregularly.
• The chef sprinkled fresh parsley over the pasta for a burst of flavor and color.
• The night sky was clear, with stars sprinkled across its vast expanse like diamonds on velvet.

Question 3

discretion

Answer 3

• 1) Careful Behavior: It refers to the ability to behave without causing embarrassment or attracting too much attention, especially by keeping information secret. For instance, someone who is “the soul of discretion” won’t reveal confidential matters.
• 2) Right to Decide: It also signifies the right or ability to decide something. For example, students can be expelled at the discretion of the principal, meaning the principal has the authority to make that decision
• The lawyer handled the sensitive case with utmost discretion, ensuring that confidential information remained protected.
• When sharing personal stories, she exercised discretion, revealing only what was necessary to maintain privacy and respect.

Question 4

surfaced

Answer 4

• After days of searching, the lost ship’s wreckage finally surfaced on the ocean floor.
• New evidence surfaced, shedding light on the decades-old mystery.

Question 5

toxicity surfaced

Answer 5

• During the company’s internal investigation, evidence of workplace toxicity surfaced, revealing a hostile environment.
• As the online discussion escalated, instances of toxicity surfaced, prompting moderators to take action.

Question 6

anesthesiologists

Answer 6

• Anesthesiologists play a crucial role in surgical procedures by administering anesthesia and monitoring patients’ vital signs during surgery.
• During childbirth, skilled anesthesiologists provide pain relief through epidurals or other anesthesia techniques to ensure a comfortable experience for the mother

Question 7

perioperative

Answer 7

• Perioperative is an adjective used in the medical context. It refers to occurring or performed at or around the time of an operation
• Preoperative Phase: This is the initial phase that begins with the decision to have surgery and ends when the patient is wheeled into the operating room. During this phase, patients may undergo preoperative tests, fasting, and anxiety management. The goal is to prepare them for surgery.
• Intraoperative Phase: This phase encompasses the actual surgery itself. It starts when the patient enters the surgical suite and concludes when they are moved to the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU). Vital signs are closely monitored, anesthesia is administered, and the surgical team ensures safety and infection prevention.
• Postoperative Phase: After surgery, patients enter the postoperative phase. This period immediately follows the surgical procedure and can range from a few hours to months of rehabilitation and recovery. During this time, patients receive care to aid their healing and manage pain

Question 8

perioperative physicians

Answer 8

• Perioperative physicians play a crucial role in coordinating patient care before, during, and after surgery.
• These specialized doctors collaborate with surgical teams to optimize outcomes and manage patients’ well-being throughout the entire surgical process.

Question 9

sensation

Answer 9

• The term sensation has several nuanced meanings
• Physical Feeling: It refers to a physical feeling or perception resulting from something that happens to or comes into contact with the body. For instance, a burning sensation in the middle of the chest or losing sensation in one’s forearms
• Excitement or Interest: It can also denote a state of excited interest or feeling. When something causes a stir or uproar, it becomes a sensation. For example, an elopement might cause a sensation, or a remarkable show could be the musical sensation of the season
• Inexplicable Awareness: Sometimes, it represents an inexplicable awareness or impression. Imagine having the strange sensation that someone is watching you

Question 10

ether

Answer 10

• (Medical Context) In the realm of medicine, ether refers to a clear liquid that was historically used as an anesthetic to induce sleep before surgical procedures.
• The ether also symbolizes the sky or the air, especially when considering it as a medium filled with radio waves.
• In a more poetic sense, ether was once believed to fill the upper regions of space beyond the clouds. It was considered a medium breathed by deities

Question 11

nitrous

Answer 11

• (Medical Context) : It refers to nitrous oxide, a colorless gas with a sweetish odor used as an anesthetic during surgery
• (Historical Notions): In an archaic sense, it means related to or containing niter (nitrate).
• (Automotive World): In car culture, nitrous often refers to nitrous oxide systems used to boost engine performance.

Question 12

nitrous oxide

Answer 12

• Nitrous oxide, commonly known as laughing gas, is a colorless non-flammable gas with a slightly sweet taste and smell. Its chemical formula is N₂O
• (Dental Procedures): Dentists sometimes use nitrous oxide to help patients relax during dental treatments.
• (Recreational Use): In some settings, people inhale nitrous oxide for its brief euphoric effect, leading to mild hysteria and even laughter.
• (Greenhouse Gas): Unfortunately, nitrous oxide is also an atmospheric pollutant and a potent greenhouse gas23.

Question 13

opium

Answer 13

• Opium is a reddish-brown heavy-scented addictive drug prepared from the juice of the opium poppy. It is used illicitly as a narcotic and occasionally in medicine as an analgesic
• He was addicted to opium.
• The spread of smoking in the eighteenth century was influenced by memories or habits of opium.
• Opium intensified proletarianization and allowed some to take control of their own lives

Question 14

mandrake

Answer 14

• The term “mandrake” refers to a Mediterranean herb with a large, forked root resembling a human form. It was formerly credited with magical properties and used in herbal medicine
• In ancient times, people believed that the mandrake root had mystical powers.
• The herbology section contains manuscripts on mandrakes, plants with roots that look humanlike.
• Advocate Children’s Hospital shared special costumes, including a mandrake from Harry Potter, made by families of patients during the holiday season

Question 15

fluid rise

Answer 15

• Capillarity: This phenomenon involves the rise or depression of a liquid in a small passage, such as a narrow tube or porous material. For instance, the spaces between fibers in a towel exhibit capillarity, causing liquid to rise or be absorbed
• Hypervolemia: In a medical context, fluid rise occurs when the body retains too much fluid, leading to symptoms like swelling, discomfort, and high blood pressure. Untreated hypervolemia can even cause heart failure
• Buoyancy: While not directly “fluid rise,” buoyancy is related. It’s the upward force exerted by a fluid that opposes the weight of an immersed object. Think of how a ship floats due to buoyancy in water

Question 16

fluid sink

Answer 16

• Capillarity: This phenomenon involves the rise or depression of a liquid in a small passage, such as a narrow tube or porous material. For instance, the spaces between fibers in a towel exhibit capillarity, causing liquid to rise or be absorbed
• Hypervolemia: In a medical context, fluid rise occurs when the body retains too much fluid, leading to symptoms like swelling, discomfort, and high blood pressure. Untreated hypervolemia can even cause heart failure
• Buoyancy: While not directly “fluid rise,” buoyancy is related. It’s the upward force exerted by a fluid that opposes the weight of an immersed object. Think of how a ship floats due to buoyancy in water

Question 17

descending

Answer 17

• The term “descending” refers to moving or falling downwards.
• The aircraft began to descend.
• A side road descended into the forest.
• The chords descended in spectacular style from the upper register to the lower

Question 18

flow back

Answer 18

• The term “flow back” refers to a situation in which investors sell shares in a foreign company back to investors who live in that country. This usually occurs due to a merger between two companies in different countries, making the shares in the original company less attractive to foreign investors
• After the acquisition, foreign shareholders initiated a flow back of their shares to local investors.
• The recent cross-border merger led to significant flow back of stock ownership.
• The company’s restructuring resulted in a flow back of shares from international markets to domestic ones.

Question 19

stratosphere

Answer 19

• The term “stratosphere” refers to the layer of Earth’s atmosphere above the troposphere, extending to about 50 kilometers (30 miles) above the surface. In the stratosphere, temperature increases gradually, and clouds rarely form.
• The ash cloud rose 35 kilometers into the stratosphere.
• Construction costs in the stratosphere were astronomical.
• The celebrity’s fame reached the stratosphere after their blockbuster movie.

Question 20

convection cell

Answer 20

• A convection cell is a phenomenon in fluid dynamics where rising and falling currents occur due to density differences within a liquid or gas.
• The formation of clouds involves convection cells that release and transport energy.
• In the Earth’s atmosphere, these cells are known as Hadley cells, driving weather patterns.
• Whether in boiling water or the Sun’s surface, convection cells shape fluid movement

Question 21

equilibrium

Answer 21

• Equilibrium refers to a state of balance where opposing forces or influences are evenly matched.
• Supply and demand were in equilibrium.
• The economy seeks a stable equilibrium between growth and inflation.
• In a chemical reaction, the rates of forward and reverse processes reach equilibrium

Question 22

counterbalanced

Answer 22

• Counterbalanced refers to having an equal but opposite effect on something, preventing it from having too much of a particular characteristic
• The sitter’s weight counterbalances the tilting pressure on the backrest.
• Her calm nature serves as a natural counterbalance to his excitable personality.
• In a separate session, the orientations of the gratings were reversed in a counterbalanced design.

Question 23

fraction

Answer 23

• A fraction represents a part of a whole or a collection of objects. It consists of a numerator (the top number) and a denominator (the bottom number).
• She hesitated for a fraction of a second.
• The company’s computers only represent a fraction of the market.
• For his math homework, he’s converting various fractions to decimals and vice versa

Question 24

light fuel-oil distillate

Answer 24

• Light fuel-oil distillate refers to a high-value liquid fuel traditionally used in diesel engine power plants for both standby and baseload operations
• During power outages, generators often rely on light fuel-oil distillate for backup.
• In remote islands or extreme climates, where alternatives are scarce, light fuel-oil distillate is essential.
• The efficient combustion of light fuel-oil distillate powers various industrial engines1.

Question 25

boiling up

Answer 25

• The term “boiling up” refers to heating up liquid or food in a pan until it boils.
• She boiled up a large pan of water for tea.
• The soup boiled up and filled the kitchen with its aroma.
• Could you boil some water up for me?

Question 26

partial pressure

Answer 26

• Partial pressure refers to the pressure exerted by an individual gas within a mixture.
• In a gas mixture, each component has a specific partial pressure.
• Dalton’s Law states that the total pressure equals the sum of all partial pressures.
• In arterial blood gases, measuring the partial pressure of oxygen is crucial

Question 27

distillation

Answer 27

• Distillation is the process of heating a liquid until it becomes a gas and then cooling it back into a liquid.
• The petroleum industry uses distillation to separate crude oil into various components.
• In chemistry labs, fractional distillation is a common technique for purifying liquids.
• The report is a distillation of years of research on climate change

Question 28

heavier portions

Answer 28

• Heavier portions refer to larger or more substantial servings of food.
• The restaurant offers heavier portions for those with hearty appetites.
• She requested heavier portions of protein to fuel her workouts.
• In the buffet, diners can choose lighter or heavier portions based on their preferences.

Question 29

crude oil

Answer 29

• rude oil is a naturally occurring liquid petroleum product composed of hydrocarbon deposits and other organic materials formed from the remains of animals and plants that lived millions of years ago. These organisms were covered by layers of sand, silt, and rock, subject to heat and pressure, and eventually turned into a type of fossil fuel that is refined into usable products, including gasoline, diesel, liquefied petroleum gases, and feedstock for the petrochemical industry.
• Vast reserves of crude oil were discovered in the region.
• Crude oil is a global commodity that trades in markets around the world.
• Many economists view crude oil as the single most important commodity in the world, as it is currently the primary source of energy production