Graphic Techniques Flashcards
Why are graphics used?
During the design process, graphics are used to:
* Generate and explore ideas
* Test and refine ideas
* Communicate ideas to others,
designers, clients and customers
What are the advantages of using graphics?
Advantages of using graphics:
* Graphics are great for communicating
colour, shape, form and pattern.
* Can be used in marketing
* Easy to change and modify
Easy to share electronically
What are annotated sketches?
Annotated drawings include a combination of notes and labelled drawings that provide an explanation about a products or objects in the design process.
What are the rules of annotated sketches?
- Annotated sketches are quick
sketches with notes (annotations)
added for further explanation.- They are used to get ideas down
quickly with as much information
needed to clarify the sketch.They are used during the initial and
exploring ideas stages of the design
process.
- They are used to get ideas down
What is an orthographic drawing?
Orthographic projection is a set of three two dimensional drawings that show the object from the front (Elevation) side (end elevation) and top (plan).
Orthographic projections are used in production drawings to show exact sizes of different parts of components.
What are the rules of an orthographic drawing?
- Orthographic sketches include an elevation (front), end elevation (side) and plan (top) view of the product with dimensions added.
- These are used to communicate with the manufacturer and show dimensions of each part of the product.
- These are most commonly used in the planning for manufacture stage of the design process.
What are isometric sketches
Isometric detail 3D views of small objects, furniture, engineering components and room interiors.
What are the rules of isometric sketches?
- Isometric sketches provide a 3D view
of an object, showing all three
dimensions and all three surfaces in
one view.- These can be used to present ideas to
other designers, customers and
clients. - In the design process, they are often
used during the exploring and
refining ideas stages
- These can be used to present ideas to
What is a benefit of using isometric drawings?
Isometric drawings allow you to see all sides of an object equally and clearly.
What are oblique sketches
Circular parts on surfaces facing the front can be drawn with a compass. Objects look more realistic if distances measured up the sloping lines are halved. Common uses similar to Isometric
What are the rules of oblique sketches
- Oblique sketches are 3D and show the
front view of a product with one side
and top projected backwards at 45
degrees.- They help to visualise an idea more
clearly.These are used during the exploring
and refining ideas stages.
- They help to visualise an idea more
What is a benefit of using oblique sketches?
The front elevation is shown clearly with added detail for 3D depth. Circles can be drawn easily with a compass.
What is point perspective sketching?
Point perspective sketching is a drawing method that shows how things appear to get smaller as they get further away, it is a way of drawing objects upon a flat piece of paper (or other drawing surface) so that they look three-dimensional and realistic.
What are the rules of point perspective sketch?
- One point perspective sketching is a type of 3D sketch where all lines connect to a single vanishing point.
- Two point perspective sketching has two vanishing points and lets you sketch objects at any angle.
- They are used to make sketches look realistic and to make objects look bigger or more impressive than they actually are.
- They are used to present ideas to clients and customers.
- During the design process, they are used in the exploring and refining ideas stages.
Summarise one point perspectives sketch
1 Point Perspective Commonly used for views of room interiors. All surfaces converge on the same vanishing point.
What are the rules of one point perspective sketches?
- Starts with a horizon line. It can be placed high or low on the page.
- The vanishing points (VPs) always lie on the horizon line.
The height of an object reduces towards the vanishing point.
- The vanishing points (VPs) always lie on the horizon line.
What is the difference between one point perspective and two point perspective sketches?
One Point Perspective uses only one vanishing point whereas Two Point Perspective uses two vanishing points.
Name some advantages of using a point perspective drawing
Perspective has the effect of shortening the depths which project back to the VPs (foreshortening effect).
(In other words lengths, breadths and heights reduce in size as you get closer to the vanishing points.)
Sketching or drawing in perspective is the best way to make your sketch/drawing look realistic.
Illustrators often use perspective to make the products they draw look impressive.
Drawing and sketching in perspective can make buildings and products look bigger that they really are
Summarise two point perspective drawings
Used to illustrate buildings and objects realistically. Vanishing points can be positioned to give the impression of height or as if viewed from above.
What are the rules for two point perspective drawings?
- 2 point perspective does not always require that you have a horizon line and two VPs visible on the page.
These features take up lots of space and can make your sketch/drawing too small. Both left and right hand planes project back to their respective VPs.
Summarise exploded/assembled sketches
Exploded views are used in graphic communication to show how parts of an object fit together. They are called exploded because all of the parts are separated from each other
What are the rules of exploded/Assembled sketches?
- Exploded views show the separate parts of an object that make up its assembly. Items are spaced out so each can be seen clearly but are always in line with the connecting part.
- Exploded views are used to show the manufacturer how the different parts of the product will fit together.
- Assembled views show all the different parts of the product fitted together and show the manufacturer what the completed/assembled product will look like.
These are used during the planning for manufacture stage of the design process.
Summarise a sectional sketch
A sectional view shows a cut through an object, allowing you to see the inner workings of it. Sectional assemblies show a section of a fully assembled product, allowing to see inner workings and how each component fits together.
What are the rules of sectional sketches
- Sectional sketches shows the product as if it has been cut and a part removed.
- It is used to show interior details of a product.
In the design process, it would be used during the exploring and refining ideas stages as well as in the plan for manufacture.
What is a scale drawing?
A drawing that shows a real object with accurate sizes reduced or enlarged by a certain amount
What are the rules of scale drawings?
- Scale drawings are used when it is physically impossible to create a drawing to full size as it is too big (buildings, cars, aeroplanes) or too small (microchips, nano sim cards).
- They are used to better visualise proportion and work out sizes for assembly.
Scale drawings would be used when a designer is exploring their ideas.
What are manual rendered illustrations
A manual rendered illustration is a realistic drawing of the final product created by hand by the designer. This would be used to present final ideas to a customer or client.
What is hand rendering?
Hand rendering is a scaled-down drawing of an interior space, product or part presented using hand-drawn techniques that help clients visualize the space.
What is a CAD render
A CAD render is a computer generated model, digitally rendered to look as realistic as possible.
This would be used to present final ideas to a customer or client.
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