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Grapes & Varieties Flashcards

1
Q

What genus do wine grapes belong to?

A

vitus

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2
Q

What species do wine grapes belong to?

A

Vitus vinifera

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3
Q

Where did vitus vinifera develop?

A

Caucasus mountains

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4
Q

What is the second most important grape species?

A

Vitus lambrusca

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5
Q

Why is vitus lambrusca important today?

A

Phylloxera resistant

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6
Q

Where and when was v. lambrusca discovered?

A

North America colonial period

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7
Q

The flavor associated with v. lambrusca is described as

A

Foxy

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8
Q

What is phylloxera?

A

An aphid like insect that attacks vines

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9
Q

When did phylloxera ravage European vineyards?

A

19th century

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10
Q

What part of the vine is grafted onto the phylloxera resistant rootstock or trunk?

A

Scion

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11
Q

Name two grapevine species

A

Vitus vinifera & Vitus Lambrusca

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12
Q

Define species.

A

A scientific group of plants or animals that are genetically similar, have broad characteristics in common and can reproduce via sexual reproduction.

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13
Q

What do you call a subspecies?

A

Variety

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14
Q

Define variety with regard to grapes.

A

It is an identifiable group of vines of the same species that share many characteristics of appearance, flavor and growth.

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15
Q

Define clones.

A

Grapes that are slightly different from their parent but are of the same variety.

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16
Q

What could make a clone slightly different than it’s parent?

A

Growing conditions.

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17
Q

Define a mutation and give an example.

A

A mutation is derived from a vine that has developed different characteristics from its parents or fellow clones through imperfect reproduction of cells as it grow. An example would be Pinot Gris and Pinot Blanc are mutants of Pinot Noir.

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18
Q

Define and cross and give an example.

A

A cross is the offspring between two different subspecies, such as Sauvignon Blanc and Cab. Franc creating Cabernet Sauvignon.

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19
Q

What do you call the result of sex. repro between two closely related but different species?

A

A hybrid.

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20
Q

Why are hybrids not typically used?

A

High acid.

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21
Q

Give an example of a hybrid grape that is used sometimes.

A

Seyval Blanc

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22
Q

List 5 international varietals.

A

Cabernet Sauvignon, Sauvignon Blanc, Chardonnay, Merlot, Pinot Noir

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23
Q

List 5 indigenous varietals.

A

Nebbiolo, Tempranillo, Semillon, Albarino, Sangeovese

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24
Q

Other terms for indigenous grapes are:

A

Native, traditional and antochthonous (aw-tock-toe-nous)

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25
Q

Name a popular and easy to grow white grape.

A

Chardonnay

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26
Q

Chardonnay is thought to be indigenous to where?

A

Burgundy

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27
Q

Describe “California style chardonnay”.

A

Lower acid and fuller body.

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28
Q

How does chardonnay benefit from the interaction of wood?

A

Softens it.

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29
Q

What are the top producing countries of chardonnay?

A

France, US, Australia, Germany, Italy

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30
Q

What are the characteristic aromas of cool climate chardonnay?

A

Green apple, melon

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31
Q

What are the characteristic aromas of warm climate chardonnay?

A

Tropical fruits.

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32
Q

Chardonnay’s aciditiy is what?

A

Medium to high.

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33
Q

Chardonnay’s alcohol is what?

A

Medium to high.

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34
Q

What are the characteristic aromas of an oaked chardonnay?

A

Vanilla, butterscotch, caramel, toast

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35
Q

What white grape is among the most versitile?

A

Chenin Blanc

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36
Q

How long can sweet/dessert chenin blancs store in cellar?

A

Up to decades.

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37
Q

What name does chenin blanc go by in South Africa?

A

Steen

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38
Q

Chenin Blanc represents what percentage of planting in South Africa?

A

20%

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39
Q

Where else does Chenin Blanc have significant plantings?

A

Loire Valley, Central Valley of California

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40
Q

What are the characteristic aromas of Chenin Blanc?

A

green apple, melon, honey, citrus blossoms, mineral

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41
Q

What are the top prouducing countries of Chenin Blanc?

A

France, US, South Africa

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42
Q

What are some well known AOC examples of Chenin Blanc?

A

Vouvray, Savennieres, Saumur

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43
Q

Chenin Blanc alcohol is what?

A

medium to high

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44
Q

Chenin Blanc acid is what?

A

medium plus to high

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45
Q

What ancient white grape variety can produce a wide range of sweet wines?

A

Muscat

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46
Q

Name 3 other mutations/relations of muscat?

A

Muscat Blanc a Petits Grains, Muscat of Alexandria and Muscat Ottonel.

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47
Q

In what climate does muscat perform best:

A

Warm to hot.

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48
Q

The best known muscat based wine is called what and from where?

A

Moscato d’Asti from Northern Italy

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49
Q

What are the top producing countries for muscat?

A

France, Italy, Chile, Australia

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50
Q

What are the characteristic aromas of Muscat?

A

honey, musk, orange blossom, floral, apricots

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51
Q

The acid level of muscat is what?

A

low to medium

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52
Q

The alcohol level of muscat is what?

A

medium to high

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53
Q

What white grape variety has a dusty or light pink skin?

A

Pinot Grigio/Pinot Gris

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54
Q

Pinot Gris is a mutation of what grape?

A

Pinot Noir

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55
Q

Cool climate Pinot Gris is produced where?

A

Oregon, Alsace & Germany

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56
Q

What is the style profile of cool climate Pinot Gris?

A

Medium plus acidity, medium to full body, apple, pear or almond like aromas.

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57
Q

What are the the German names for Pinot Gris?

A

Rulander or Graubugnder

58
Q

In what areas would you find a higher alcohol and less acidic Pinot Grigio?

A

California & Australia due to warmer climates

59
Q

What are the characteristic aromas of Pinot Grigio/Pinot Gris?

A

Apple, melon, lemon, peach, minerals

60
Q

What is the acidity of Pinot Grigio/Pinot Gris?

A

Low to medium

61
Q

What is the alcohol of Pinot Grigio/Pinot Gris?

62
Q

Well known examples of Pinot Grigio/Pinot Gris are from

A

Northeastern Italy, Alsace, Oregon

63
Q

The top producing countries for Pinot Grigio/Pinot Gris are

A

Italy, France, US, France, Australia

64
Q

What white grape has an intensly floral aroma and petrol scent?

65
Q

The alcohol level in a Riesling can go as low as

66
Q

What is the acid level in a Riesling?

A

High to very high

67
Q

What is the american grape that is a synonym for Riesling?

A

White Riesling

68
Q

What are the top producing countries for Riesling?

A

France, Germany, US, Australia

69
Q

Well known examples of Riesling are from

A

Mosel, Rheingau, Rheinhessen and Pfaltz in Germany, Alsace, Clare & Eden Valleys in Australia, Finger Lakes in NY, and Washington State

70
Q

What is the alcohol level in a Riesling?

A

low to very high

71
Q

What are the characteristic aromas of Riesling?

A

Peach, nectarine, honeysuckle, apricot, petrol and baking spices (well aged)

72
Q

Oak aged Sauvignon Blanc is known as

A

Fume Blanc

73
Q

Sauvignon Blancs best know growing area is

A

New Zealand

74
Q

Sweet dessert wines from the Bordeaux area, including Sauternes, are from what white grape?

A

Sauvignon Blanc

75
Q

Sauvignon Blanc is frequently blended with what grape to balance acid in Bordeaux?

76
Q

Well know examples of Sauvignon Blanc are from

A

New Zealand, Sancerre, Pouilly-Fume, white Bordeaux & Fume Blanc

77
Q

The top producing countries of Sauvignon Blanc are

A

New Zealand, France, US, Chile & South Africa

78
Q

The acid level of Sauvignon Blanc is

A

Medium plus to high.

79
Q

The alcohol level of Sauvignon Blanc is

80
Q

The characteristic aromas of a cold climate Sauvignon Blanc are

A

Grass, hay, grapefruit

81
Q

The characteristic aromas of a warm climate Sauvignon Blanc are

A

Melon, asparagus

82
Q

The characteristic aroma of a Loire Valley Sauvignon Blanc is

83
Q

The characteristic aromas of an oak aged Sauvignon Blanc is

A

toast, smoke

84
Q

The characteristic aromas of a New Zealand Sauvignon Blanc is

A

Gooseberry

85
Q

What white grape, due to its low natural acidity, is thought of as a blending partner?

86
Q

A Chardonny/Semillon blend can be found where?

87
Q

What white grape has a distinct waxy or oily character?

88
Q

What region in Australia is known for producing 100% Semillon?

A

Hunter Valley

89
Q

Viognier is typically found where in France?

A

Northern Rhone

90
Q

What grape has the Virginia Wine Board declared as their state grape?

91
Q

The characteristic profile of Viognier is

A

Rich, full bodied, viscous

92
Q

The characteristic aromas of Viognier are

A

peach, flowers, tangerine

93
Q

What other names does Pinot Blanc go by in Italy, Germany & Austria?

A

Pinot Bianco in Italy, Weissburgunder in Germany and Austria

94
Q

What grape has the aromas of flowers, spice, lychee & rose?

A

Gewurtzraminer

95
Q

Where is Gewurtztraminer most prominent today?

96
Q

Name a neutral white grape also used in balsamic vinegar?

97
Q

What is the grape name for Trebbiano in France?

A

Ugni Blanc

98
Q

What white grape is also used for the production of brandy & cognac in France?

A

Ugni Blanc

99
Q

What is the white grape from Hungary?

100
Q

Name 4 indigenous white Italian grapes

A

Cortese, Vermintino, Glera, Verdicchio

101
Q

Name 4 indigenous white grapes from Spain.

A

Albarino, Palamino, Xarel-lo, Pedro Ximenez

102
Q

Name a white grape indigenous to Switzerland.

103
Q

Name a white grape indigenous to Argentina

104
Q

Name a white grape indigenous to Austria.

A

Gruner Veltliner

105
Q

Name two white grapes significant in Germany

A

Muller Thurgau, Silvaner

106
Q

Name white grapes significant in Portugal.

A

Alvarinho, Arinto, Fernao Pires, Laoureiro

107
Q

Name white grapes significant in Greece.

A

Assyrtiko, Moschofilero, Rhoditis

108
Q

Name secondary white grapes significant in France.

A

Marsanne, Rousanne, Aligote

109
Q

What is the best known red blending partner to Cab. Sauv and Merlot in Bordeaux?

A

Cabernet Franc

110
Q

Well known examples of Cabernet Franc are from

A

Bordeaux, Loire Valley, northeast Italy, New York State, California

111
Q

The top producing countries of Cabernet Franc are

A

France, US, Italy

112
Q

The characteristic aromas of a warm climate Cabernet Franc are

A

Raspberry, violet

113
Q

The characteristic aromas of a cool climate Cabernet Franc are

A

Strawberry, cranberry, tobacco, mushroom, bell pepper

114
Q

The tannin level found in a Cabernet Franc is

A

light to medium

115
Q

The acid level found in Cabernet Franc is

A

medium to high

116
Q

The alcohol level found in Cabernet Franc is

117
Q

What is the world’s most widely grown red grape?

A

Cabernet Sauvignon

118
Q

What is the red grape known for it’s consistency, reliability, depth of flavor and ability to develop complex flavors over a long aging period?

A

Cabernet Sauvignon

119
Q

The tannin levels in a Cabernet Sauvignon are

120
Q

Cabernet Sauvignon is often blended with what grape in Australia?

121
Q

The acid level found in Cabernet Sauvignon is

A

medium to high

122
Q

The alcohol level found in Cabernet Sauvignon is

123
Q

The top producing countries of Cabernet Sauvignon are

A

France, US, Australia, Chile

124
Q

Well know examples of Cabernet Sauvignon are from

A

Bordeaux, Napa Valley

125
Q

The characteristic aromas of a cool climate Cabernet Sauvignon are

A

Black current, black cherry, eucalyptus, bell pepper, mint

126
Q

The characteristic aromas of a new oak aged Cabernet Sauvignon are

A

dark chocolate, cedar, vanilla, tobacco

127
Q

The characteristic aromas of a well aged Cabernet Sauvignon are

A

coffee caramel, cigar box

128
Q

Grenache is added to Syrah & Mourvedre to add

A

color, acidity and complexity

129
Q

In what climate does Grenache thrive?

130
Q

Where did Grenache originate?

A

Spain where it is known as Garnacha

131
Q

Grenache is known as what in Italy?

132
Q

In what part of Italy would you find Grenache grown?

133
Q

What red grape oxidizes quickly and picks up a salmon or orange tinge?

134
Q

What red grape can take on a noticibly rusticity in the wine’s aroma or bouquet?

135
Q

Old vine Grenache is highly prized for it’s

A

concentration of flavor

136
Q

Well known examples of Grenache are from

A

Southern Rhone, Priorat, Rioja, Navarra, Australia

137
Q

The top producing countries of Grenache are

A

France, Spain

138
Q

The characteristic aromas of Grenache are

A

Strawberry, cranberry, sour cherry, flowers, black pepper

139
Q

The acidity of Grenache is

A

low to medium

140
Q

The tannin in Grenache is

A

low to medium

141
Q

The alcohol in Grenache is

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