French Wine Regions Flashcards

1
Q

How many cases of wine does Bordeaux produce annually?

A

61 million cases

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2
Q

What are the two rivers that flow through Bordeaux?

A

Dordogne and Garrone

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3
Q

What is the name of the estuary in Bordeaux that flows to the Atlantic ocean?

A

Gironde

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4
Q

What is the area on the left bank, north of Bordeaux city called?

A

Medoc

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5
Q

What is the area on the left bank, south of Bordeaux city called?

A

Graves

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6
Q

What is the main town on the right bank of the Dordogne?

A

Libourne

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7
Q

What is the name of the forest that is a protective barrier along the west coast of Bordeaux?

A

Landes Forest

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8
Q

What percentage of Bordeaux is planted with red grapes?

A

89%

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9
Q

Behind merlot and cabernet sauvignon, what is the 3rd most widely planted red grape in Bordeaux?

A

Cabernet Franc

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10
Q

What are the primary white grapes of Bordeaux?

A

Sauvignon Blanc, Semillon, and Muscadelle

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11
Q

How many AOCs are there in Bordeaux?

A

60

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12
Q

What are the appellations of Medoc?

A

Medoc and Haut Medoc

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13
Q

What are the 4 esteemed villages of the left bank of Bordeaux that are communal AOC’s?

A

St. Estephe, Pauillac, St. Julien and Margaux

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14
Q

The most coveted wines from the right bank of Bordeaux come from what AOC’s?

A

Pommerol and St. Emilion

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15
Q

What year was the famous Bordeaux classification?

A

1855

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16
Q

How many red wines were included in the Bordeaux classification of 1855?

A

61

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17
Q

How many levers of cru’s are there in the original Bordeaux classifications?

A

5

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18
Q

What are the 4 original Premier Cru chateaux in Bordeaux in the 1855 Classification?

A

Haut-Brion, Lafite-Rothchild, Latour and Margaux.

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19
Q

What was the 5th chateau to become a 1er cru in Bordeaux and when did it move up?

A

Mouton-Rothchild in 1973

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20
Q

Bordeaux sweet wine classification levels are:

A

Superior Growth, First Growth

and Second Growth

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21
Q

In Bordeaux classification is for the vineyard or the chateau?

A

Chateau

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22
Q

What year were the Graves chateaux classified?

A

1855

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23
Q

What is the name of the only right bank classification system in Bordeaux and when was it established?

A

St. Emilion Grand Cru Classe in 1954

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24
Q

What are the two catagories of classification within the St. Emilion Grand Cru Classe?

A

Grand Cru Classe and Premier Grand Cru Classe

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25
Q

What are the 4 A ranking chateaux in the St. Emilion Grand Cru Classe?

A

Chateau Angelus, Chateau Ausone, Chateau Cheval Blanc and Chateau Pavie

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26
Q

How many producers have a Premier Grand Cru Classe status in the St. Emilion Grand Cru Classe AOC?

A

18

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27
Q

Small family owned and operated estates in the Medoc may have the right to use what classification on their label?

A

Cru Artisan

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28
Q

What are the 3 regional AOCs of Bordeaux?

A

Bordeaux AOC, Crement de Bordeaux AOC, Bordeaux Superieur AOC

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29
Q

What is the large appellation for dry whites in Graves?

A

Pessac-Leognan

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30
Q

In what year were wines of St. Emilion first classified?

A

1954

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31
Q

What is the classification for the best properties in the Medoc that weren’t included in the 1855 classifiction?

A

Cru Bourgeois

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32
Q

How many cases of wine do the Loire Valley AOC’s produce annually?

A

45 million

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33
Q

What percentage of Loire Valley wine is at the AOC level?

A

3/4ths of total production.

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34
Q

What area in France is known primarily for crisp white wines, light red wines, roses and some fine sweet and sparkling wines?

A

Loire Valley

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35
Q

The Loire Valley originates in the

A

Massif Central

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36
Q

How long is the Loire Valley wine region in miles?

A

300 miles

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37
Q

What are the four Loire Valley regions?

A

Pays Nantais, Anjou-Saumur, Touraine, The Upper Loire

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38
Q

The Pays Nantais is also sometimes called

A

Muscadet

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39
Q

What is the climate of Pays Nantais?

A

Maritime

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40
Q

What is the climate of the Upper Loire?

A

Continental

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41
Q

What are the wine styles of the Loire Valley?

A

Dry and sweet whites, dry and sweet roses, dry reds, sparkling wines

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42
Q

What are the key white grapes of the Loire Valley?

A

Chenin Blanc, Sauvignon Blanc, Melon de Bourgogne

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43
Q

What are the secondary white grapes used in the Loire Valley?

A

Chardonnay, Folle Blanche and Arbois

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44
Q

What grape is used only in the Pay Nantais region of the Loire Valley and no other region?

A

Melon de Bourgogne

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45
Q

What is Chenin Blanc sometimes called in the Loire Valley?

A

Pineau de la Loire

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46
Q

Melon de Borgogne is used to make what wine will known in the Pays Nantais area of the Loire Valley?

A

Muscadet

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47
Q

What are the two most well-known Chenin Blanc based wines of the Loire Valley?

A

Vouvray & Savenierres

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48
Q

The skin of Chenin Blanc is thick or thin, making it highly susceptible to botrytis?

A

Thin

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49
Q

Where in the Loire Valley would you most likely find well known Sauvignon Blanc wines?

A

Sancerre and Pouilly Fume

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50
Q

In what two appellations in the Loire Valley does Sauvignon Blanc produce it’s classic flavor profile with acidity and aromatics?

A

Sancerre and Pouilly Fume

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51
Q

What is the local name for Cabernet Franc in the Loire Valley?

A

Breton

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52
Q

What is the local name for Malbec in the Loire Valley?

A

Cot

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53
Q

Chinon is made from what grape?

A

Cabernet Franc

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54
Q

Loire Valley’s cool climate produces what style of red wine?

A

dry, zesty, light reds

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55
Q

Sparkling Loire Valley wines are marketed under what name?

A

Fines Bulles

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56
Q

Fines Bulles Loire Valley wines are made using what method?

A

Traditional

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57
Q

Loire Valley Fines Bulles wines are generally based on what white grape?

A

Chenin Blanc

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58
Q

What styles of sparkling wines are produced in the Loire Valley?

A

White and rose, dry and sweet

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59
Q

Why is there no top quality level AOP that covers all of the Loire Valley?

A

Too many different climates and grapes

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60
Q

Melon de Bourgogne is often called?

A

Muscadet, after the general appellation of the region.

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61
Q

What are the 4 appellations in the Pays Nantais that ONLY allow the Melon de Bourgogne grape?

A

Muscadet AOC, Muscadet Coteaux de la Loire AOC, Muscadet Cotes de Grandlieu AOC and Muscadet Sevre et Maine AOC

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62
Q

What are the 3 new Pays Nantais AOC’s as of 2011?

A

Gros Plant du Pays Nantais AOC, Coteaux d/Ancenis AOC, and Fiefs Vendeen AOC.

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63
Q

Gros Plant du Pays Nantais AOC is based on what grape?

A

Folle Blanche, aka Gros Plant

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64
Q

Coteaux d’Ancenis AOC’s Pinot Gris is sometimes called

A

Malvoisie

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65
Q

Coteaux d’Ancenis AOC’s reds and roses come from what grape?

A

Gamay

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66
Q

Anjou AOC allows what percentage of Sauvivnon Blanc or Chardonnay in it’s Chenin Blanc based white wines?

A

up to 20%

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67
Q

Anjou AOC’s primary white grape is

A

Chenin Blanc

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68
Q

What are the primary red grapes of Anjou AOC?

A

Cabernet Franc and Cabernet Sauvignon

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69
Q

Anjou AOC’s premier dry white wine made from Chenin Blanc is

A

Savennieres

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70
Q

Savennieres AOC grapes are ____% of _______.

A

100% Chenin Blanc

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71
Q

The “most cerebral” wine in the world is from

A

Savenniers AOC

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72
Q

Rose de Anjou AOC is generally made from what grapes?

A

Grolleau

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73
Q

Cabernet de Anjou AOC is generally made from what grapes?

A

Cabernet Franc and Cabernet Sauvignon

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74
Q

Rose de Loire AOC produces what style of rose’s?

A

dry with 30% Cab Sauv or Cab Franc.

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75
Q

Cabernet de Anjou produces what style of rose’s?

A

sweet

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76
Q

What style of wine is a specialty of Anjou AOC?

A

sweet dessert wines

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77
Q

What is the name of the primary sweet wine AOC of Anjou?

A

Coteaux du Layon AOC

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78
Q

The two subregions of Coteaux du Layon AOC which produce sweet white dessert wines are?

A

Bonnezeaux and Quarts-de-Chaume

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79
Q

What is the new appellation, as of 2011, which has become the Loire Valley’s first Grand Cru?

A

Coteaux dy Layon Premier Cru Chaume

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80
Q

Bonnezeaux AOC and Quarts-de-Chaume must use _____% of ________ grape.

A

100% Chenin Blanc

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81
Q

Pinot d’Aunis is also known as

A

Chenin Noir

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82
Q

What is the small red wine only AOC in Saumur?

A

Saumur-Champigny

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83
Q

The main sparkling wine AOC in Saumur is

A

Saumur Brut

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84
Q

Saumur Brut may also be known as

A

Saumur Mousseux or just Saumur

85
Q

Crement de Loire sources its grapes from what region in the Loire Valley?

A

Saumur

86
Q

Saumur Brut always contains a proportion of what grape?

A

Chenin Blanc

87
Q

Vouvray is found in what region of the Loire Valley?

A

Touraine

88
Q

Vouvray makes wines using ____% of _____ grape.

A

100% Chenin Blanc

89
Q

What AOC is just across the river from Vouvray?

A

Montlouis -sur-Loire

90
Q

What are the known red wine AOC’s of Touraine?

A

Chinon, Bourgueil, and St. Nicolas de Bourgueil

91
Q

Chinon, Bourgueil and St. Nicolas de Bourguel wines must be made from at least ____% of ______.

A

90% Cabernet Franc

92
Q

AOC Touraine white grapes are typically

A

100% Sauvignon Blanc

93
Q

What are the two most famous appellations of the Upper Loire region?

A

Sancerre and Pouilly Fume

94
Q

Sancerre and Pouilly Fume use _____% of ______ grape?

A

100% Sauvignon Blanc

95
Q

The soil of Sancerre is described as

A

chalky limestone

96
Q

The soil of Pouilly Fume is described as

A

flinty

97
Q

What Upper Loire AOC produces red wine from what grape?

A

Sancerre from Pinot Noir

98
Q

Menetau-Salon, Quincy & Reuilly are located where in the Loire Valley?

A

Upper Loire

99
Q

How many cases of Champagne are produced annually?

A

32 million

100
Q

Champagne makes up _____% of the world’s production of sparkling wine.

A

18%

101
Q

How many acres of vineyards are in Champagne?

A

83,000 acres

102
Q

What are the 5 main zones of Champagne?

A

Vallee de la Marne, Montagne de Reims, Cote des Blancs, Cote de Sezanne and Cote des Bar

103
Q

What is the main river in Champagne?

A

Marne

104
Q

What is the region in Champagne that is located 60 miles southeast of Eperney?

A

Cote des Bar

105
Q

What is the region in Champagne situated southeast of the Cote des Blanc?

A

Cote de Sezanne

106
Q

What is the region in Champagne on the plateau between the Marne and Reims?

A

Montagne de Reims

107
Q

What is the region in Champagne west of Eperney and stretching 40 miles along the Marne?

A

Vallee de la Marne

108
Q

The soil in Champagne is based on

A

limestone and chalk

109
Q

Most of the Grand Cru villages in Champagne have what kind of soil?

A

chalk

110
Q

The Cotes des Bar soil is called

A

Kimmeridgian clay

111
Q

Kimmeridgian clay is also found in what other two regions besides Champagne?

A

Burgundy and Loire Valley

112
Q

The three main permitted grape varieties in Champagne are

A

Chardonnay, Pinor Noir and Pinot Meunier

113
Q

The traditional measurement for the quantity of grapes allowed in the press is known as a

A

marc

114
Q

A marc is equivalent to approximately ______ pounds.

A

8800

115
Q

How many gallons of extracted juice is permitted per marc?

A

675 gallons

116
Q

In Champagen the free run and first light pressings is called

A

the cuvee

117
Q

Juice from later pressings in Champagne is called

A

the taille

118
Q

The permitted volume of cuvee juice in Champagne is

A

20.5 hectoliters

119
Q

The permitted volume of taille juice in Champagne is

A

5 hectoliters

120
Q

The remaining residue after the cuvee and taille pressings is called the

A

rebeche

121
Q

On what date can Champagne be bottled for it’s secondary fermentation according to Champagne’s laws?

A

January 1, following the harvest.

122
Q

Champagne must spend ____ months maturing in the bottle.

A

15 months

123
Q

How many months does Champagne age on it’s lees?

A

12 months

124
Q

How long must Vintage Champagne be aged?

A

minimum of 3 years

125
Q

Another term for “vintage” in Champagne is

A

millesime

126
Q

Liqueur d’expedition is

A

sweetening dosage

127
Q

The levels of sweetness in Champagne are

A

Brut Nature (sans dosage), Extra Brut, Brut, Extra Dry, sec, demi-sec and doux

128
Q

Non vintage Champagne accounts for how much of Champagne production?

A

3/4ths

129
Q

The system used which rates Champagne’s villages for the quality of it’s grapes is called

A

echelle des crus

130
Q

How many villages are currently grand cru’s in Champagne?

A

17

131
Q

Champagne grand crus must have what rating echelle des cru?

A

100%

132
Q

Champagne Premier cru villages must have what echelle des cru rating?

A

90 - 99%

133
Q

How many premier cru villages are there in Champagne?

A

44

134
Q

Traditional winemaking properties in Champagne are known as

A

houses

135
Q

RM on a Champagne label means what?

A

Recoltant-manipulant “grower Champagnes”

136
Q

There are roughly how many “houses” in Champagne?

A

300

137
Q

The only sparkling wine appellation for Champagne is

A

Champagne AOC

138
Q

What are the 3 types of appellations in Alsace?

A

Alsace AOC, Alsace Grand Cru and Cremant d’Alsace

139
Q

What are the 10 grape varieties allowed in Alsace AOC?

A

Reisling, Guwurtztraminer, Pinot Blanc, Pinot Gris, Pinot Noir, Sylvaner, Muscat, Chasselas, Auxerrois and Klevener de Heilgenstein.

140
Q

What outside grape can be used only in Cremant d/Alsace?

A

Chardonnay

141
Q

In Alsace the AOC is given to the

A

grape variety

142
Q

How many cases of wine does Alsace produce?

A

10.1 cases

143
Q

Alsace covers _____ acres in vineyards.

A

38,000

144
Q

Alsace is split into two areas called

A

Bas Rhein and Haut Rhein

145
Q

How many grand cru vineyards are there in Alsace?

A

51

146
Q

What are the noble grapes of Alsace?

A

Reisling, Gewurtztraminer, Pinot Gris and Muscat

147
Q

Cremant d’Alsace accounts for what percentage of the wine produce in Alsace?

A

22%

148
Q

Blended Alsace wines are called

A

Edelzwicker

149
Q

If a blended Alsacian wine has at least 50% of a noble variety is can include the designation ____on the label.

A

Gentil

150
Q

What are the two styles of dessert wines in Alsace?

A

Vendage Tardive and Selection de Grains Nobles

151
Q

Beaujolais blends it’s boundaries with ____ and is devoted to the _____ grape.

A

Maconnaise, Gamay

152
Q

What is the river that runs along Beaujolais?

A

The Saone

153
Q

What is the soil of Beaujolais?

A

Granite

154
Q

What grapes are in Beaujolais?

A

Gamay (95%), Chardonnay, Aligote, Pinot Noir

155
Q

Describe the difference between northern Beaujolais and southern Beaujolais.

A

North has jammy characteristics and is light, drink now. South can be richer, more structured and ageworthy.

156
Q

Beaujolais crus produce _____ of all wine in Beaujolais.

A

1/3

157
Q

How many Beaujolais crus are there?

A

10

158
Q

List the Beaujolais crus.

A

Chirobules, Fleure, St. Amour, Brouilly, Cote de Brouilly, Julienas, Regnie, Chenas, Moulin-a-Vent, Morgon

159
Q

Beaujolais cru wines are red or white?

A

Red only

160
Q

How many appellations are there in Beaujolais?

A

11

161
Q

The Rhone Valley is second to what other French wine region in terms of production?

A

Bordeaux

162
Q

The city to the north of the Rhone Valley is

A

Lyon

163
Q

The city to the south of the Rhone Valley is

A

Avignon

164
Q

Northern Rhone and Southern Rhone are separated by how many miles?

A

30

165
Q

What is the climate of the Northern Rhone Valley?

A

Continental

166
Q

Where is the Cote Rotie?

A

Northern Rhone Valley

167
Q

What is the climate of the Southern Rhone Valley?

A

Mediterranean

168
Q

What is the well known feature of Southern Rhone’s terroir found especially in Chateauneuf du Pape?

A

Galets

169
Q

What do you call the strong, cold wind that blows through the Rhone Valley?

A

Mistral

170
Q

What is the red variety of the Northern Rhone?

A

Syrah

171
Q

What are the white grape varieties of the Northern Rhone Valley?

A

Viognier, Marsanne, Roussanne

172
Q

How many grapes are allowed in the Southern Rhone Valley?

A

24

173
Q

The dominant red grape in the Southern Rhone Valley is

A

Grenache

174
Q

What are the red grapes found in the Rhone Valley?

A

Grenache, Syrah, Mourvedre, Carignan, Cinsault

175
Q

What are the white grapes found in the Rhone Valley?

A

Viognier, Marsanne, Roussanne, Clairette, Ugni Blanc, Muscat

176
Q

The aromatic white grape found in the Southern Rhone Valley is

A

Clairette

177
Q

Deeply colored, tannic, powerful and long-lived red are typically from the Northern Rhone or Southern Rhone?

A

Northern Rhone

178
Q

Rhone Valley’s roses account for ____% of production.

A

9%

179
Q

What grape is a key component of Rhone Valley roses?

A

Grenache

180
Q

White wines account for _____% of Rhone Valley wines.

A

5%

181
Q

What white variety has become a benchmark for it’s variety by producing full-bodies, viscous and aromatic wines in the _____ Rhone Valley?

A

Viognier in the Northern Rhone

182
Q

How many appellations are in the Northern Rhone Valley?

A

8

183
Q

Long ageing reds come from what 3 appellations in the Rhone Valley?

A

Cote Rotie, Hermitage and Cornas

184
Q

What appellation in the Northern Rhone Valley requires 100% syrah?

A

Cornas

185
Q

What white grape is a blending partner with Syrah in the Cote Rotie AOC?

A

Viognier

186
Q

What white grapes are blending partners with Syrah in the Northern Rhone Valley?

A

Viognier, Marsanne, Roussanne

187
Q

What are the white AOC’s in the Northern Rhone Valley that require 100% Viognier?

A

Condrieu and Chateau-Grillet

188
Q

Southern Rhone Valley is responsible for ____% of all Rhone Valley production.

A

96%

189
Q

Where is the Cotes du Rhone AOC located?

A

Southern Rhone Valley

190
Q

Chateauneuf du Pape allows how many grapes in it’s blend?

A

13 or 18

191
Q

Where is Beaumes de Venise found?

A

Southern Rhone Valley

192
Q

Beaumes de Venise is a _____ wine using what grape?

A

sweet, Muscat

193
Q

What is the minimum residual sugar in Beaumes de Venies?

A

10%

194
Q

A vin doux natural based on Grenache is produced in what Southern Rhone appellations?

A

Rasteau

195
Q

What Southern Rhone appellation produces rose exclusively from what two primary grapes?

A

Tavel, Grenache and Cinsaut

196
Q

What Rhone Valley appellation produces a sweet sparkling white using the Methode Ancestrale Diosie?

A

Clairette de Die AOC

197
Q

What Rhone Valley appellation produces a sweet sparkling white using the Traditional Method?

A

Cremant de Die AOC

198
Q

The “black wine” of Cahors is based on what grape?

A

Malbec

199
Q

Madiran AOC produces powerful reds from what grape?

A

Tannat

200
Q

What are the primary red grapes found in Southern France?

A

Syrah, Grenache, Merlot, Carignan, Cab. Sauvignon

201
Q

What are the primary white grapes found in Southern France?

A

Viognier, Muscat, Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc

202
Q

That IGP covers the entire Languedoc-Roussillon?

A

Pays d’Oc

203
Q

What is the largest AOC in Languedoc-Roussillon in terms of production?

A

Corbieres

204
Q

What is the new AOC in Languedoc-Roussillon approved for red wine only?

A

Terrasses du Larzac

205
Q

Sparkling wines of the Languedoc-Roussillon are found in what town?

A

Limoux

206
Q

What AOC in Provence produces deeply colored and aromatic reds and fine dry roses principally from Mourvedre?

A

Bandol

207
Q

Where is the Bandol AOC?

A

Provence

208
Q

Rose accounts for ___% of wine production in Provence.

A

88%