Grammer Flashcards
الگوی جمله‌ی ساده
قید زمان قید مکان قید حالت مفعول فعل فاعل
Subjective pronouns
I, you, he/she/it
We , you , they
Subjective pronouns
موارد استفاده (۳تا)
.فاعل یک فعل
they sell
.بعد از فعل to be
It was he who answered
.بعد از as و than
She is not as tired as he
فعل‌های لازم ( ترجمه)
Intransitive
” vi “ : فعل لازم
فعل‌های متعددی (ترجمه)
Transitive verbs
vt : فعل متعدى
Objective pronouns
Me, you, him/her/it
Us, you, them
موارد استفاده objective pronouns
(٦ مورد)
۱. مفعول فعل
I told him the news
۲.مفعول يك حرف اضافه
Between you and me, the economic situation looks very bad
٣.مفعول يك مصدر
He wasn’t sure, but it appeard to be her
۴. فاعل يك مصدر
We asked him to bring salad
۵.ضمير فاعلى وقتى تنها به كار مى‌رود
Who invited Mattew? Me/ l did
۶. بعد از to be در حالت غیر رسمی
It wasn’t us who caused all the trouble
قید حالت
Adverb of manner:
Carefully, slowly, fast
قید مکان
Adverb of place:
Here, there, at home, in the class
قید زمان
Adverb of time:
Now, yesterday
صفات ملکی
Possessive adjectives
My, your, his/her/its
Our, your, their
قوانین possesive adj
(۳)
۱.به تنهایی نمی‌آیند، همیشه همراه با اسم یا اسم مصدر
My friend know my father
۲. باید منطبق با شخص، جنسیت و تعداد اسم باشند
Ted reminded us to register.We appreciated his reminding us
۳.معمولا با اسامی اعضای مختلف بدن و پوشاک به کار می‌روند
I’ve hurt my back
He just stood there with his hands in his pockets
بعد از to be به عنوان کامل کننده جمله (۳)
- Noun: I am a teacer
- Adj : she is young
- Prepositional phrase
(عبارتی همراه با ح اضافه)
She is at the library
در فرم استمراری to be
رفتاری موقتی
You are being stupid
بعد از افعال اصلی و کمکی am/is/are :
They are here
They are like TO BE here
They can BE here
در زمان‌های استمراری و مجهول am/is/are :
فعل کمکی است
Mary is writing a letter
That letter is written by Alice
Complement
complement (to something) a thing that adds new qualities to something in a way that improves it or makes it more attractive
the complete number or quantity needed or allowed
We’ve taken our full complement of trainees this year
(grammar) a word or phrase, especially an adjective or a noun, that is used after linking verbs such as be and become, and describes the subject of the verb. In some descriptions of grammar it is used to refer to any word or phrase which is governed by a verb and usually comes after the verb in a sentence.
In the sentences ‘I’m angry’ and ‘He became a politician’, ‘angry’ and ‘politician’ are complements.
مسند، مکمل
اسم، صفت، ضمیر یا عبارتی که جهت تکمیل قسمت خبر predicate به کار می‌رود
افعال کمکی
Auxiliary verb
معمولا همراه فعل دیگری به کار می‌روند، نشان‌دهنده وجه، زمان، شخص جمله هستند
.am,is,are
.can/could
.may/might
.shall/should
.will/would
.do/does,did
.have/has,had
.must
.ought
.used
.need
.dare
.had better
.would rather
interrogative
(Adj.)
(formal) asking a question; in the form of a question
an interrogative gesture/remark/sentence
(grammar) used in questions
interrogative pronouns/determiners/adverbs (= for example, who, which and why)
منفى كردن مصدر
قبل از toی مصدر not
They told us to relax and not to worry
منفى كردن اسم
قبل از اسم no به عنوان صفت به كار مى‌رود
There is no charge for towels at the pool
فرم منفی سوالی (۳)
دریافت تایید
Isn’t she the woman whom you met last week
ابراز شکایت
Can’t you be quiet? I’m trying to work
قبل از فاعل not به صورت کامل قرار نمی‌گیرد
جمله با بیش از دو فعل
فعل دوم مصدر می‌شود
بعد از فعل اصلی مصدر با to:
They want to work here
بعد از فعل کمکی مصدر بدون to:
They can work here
*مصدر استمرارو يا كامل:
I pretended to be reading the newspaper.
You seem to have lost weight
*ممكن است to با قيد از بقيه مصدر جدا شود
I’d like to really understand philosophy
Would you mind
براى درخواست انجام عمل
فعل به شكل اسم مصدر
Would you mind closing the window?
No, I’d be happy to
Not at all, l’d be glad to
Would you mind
براى كسب اجازه
همراه با if و يك عبارت استفاده مى‌شود که معمولا فعل آن گذشته‌ی ساده است ولی مفهوم حال و آینده
Would you mind if I closed the window?
Would you mind if I used the phone
مصدر بدون to بعد از مفعول (فاعل فعل دوم)
Let me carry your bag
She made sally open…
Help با و بدون
Have
Hear
See بدون و اينگ
Smell “
Feel “
Let
Make
Watch بدون و اينگ
Notice “
Observe “
جواب هاى كوتاه با مصدر to (٤)
١.Would yo like to join us?
Yes, I’d love to
٢. فعل كمكى بعد to تكرار مى‌شود:
She was chosen, although she didn’t expect to be
۳. بعد از want, try, like ممکن است حذف شود
You can stay as long as you want
۴. بعد از صفت یا اسم حذف می‌شود
You can come if you ready
سوال با who
فرم جمله را تغییر نمی‌دهد، فاعل سوم شخص مفرد
سوال با how come
به معناى why است و شكل جمله را تغيير نمى‌دهد
Why are all these papers lying around?
How come all these papars are lying around?
حروف اضافه با لغت سوالی
Whom do you like to speak to?
To whom do you like to speak?
قبل از who نمی‌آید
Who do you like to speak to?
لغات سوالی وسط جمله
حرف ربط می‌شود، عبارت بعد غیر سوالی می‌شود
Where do you work?
I don’t know where you work.
لغات سوالی وسط جمله + ever
به معنی any به کار می‌رود
He makes friends easily with whomever he meets
You may leave whenever you wish
He always says whatever comes to his mind
لغت سوالی وسط جمله مرکب و استفاده از مصدر
فاعل فعل دوم همان فاعل فعل اول است
Show us what to do
Have you decided where to go for your holiday?
ربط دو جمله that
Is that true that you are getting married?.
ربط دو جمله با مصدر
اگر فاعل یا مفعول جمله‌ی اول با فاعل جمله‌ی دوم یکی باشد از to ( مصدر) برای ربط استفاده می‌شود
They come here/They study eng
They come here to study eng
I asked Him/He is on time
I asked him to be on time
قانون فعل دوم به صورت مصدر
فعل دوم ing
I watched Them/They were rehearsing the play
I watched them rehearsing the play
مصدر نشانگر مشاهده تمام عمل یا رویداد و ing نشانگر ادامه‌ی عمل
شباهت و تفاوت if و whether
هر دو ربط در مثبت و غیر سوالی
I don’t know IF/WHETHER I can help you
*بعد از if علائم آینده
I’m not sure if I will have time
عبارت منفی or not با whether،** بعد از discuss، ** با مصدر به معنی can, could, should، ** با حرف اضافه
Let me know whether (or not) you can come or not
**We discussed whether we should close the shop
**I can’t decide whether to go or (to) stay home
**I’m worried ABOUT whether you’re happy
کی به سوم شخص es اضافه می‌شود
فعل به
S
SS
SH
CH
X
O
ختم شود
اگر قبل از y حرف بی‌صدا باشد، y به i تبدیل می‌شود بعد es
try: tries
جملات مثبت do و does برای تاکید
Judy thinks that Donald doesn’t like her, but he does like her.
I agree with you. You do have a good reason for being angry
