3 Flashcards
Holy Writ
(N.)
Writing or instructions that people treat as if it were completely true in every detail
The Bible
Verbose
(Adj.)
Using or containing too many words
Sinew
(N.)
(HUMAN ANIMALS)
A part of your body that connects a muscle to a bone
(The sinews of something) (literary)
Something that gives strength or support to a government, country, or system
Gridiron
(N.)
An open frame of metal bars for cooking meat or fish over a very hot fire
(AmE)
A field marked in white lines for American football
Mordant
(Adj.)
Mordant wit/satire/humour(formal)
Unkind and insulting humour etc that is also funny
SYN biting
Valorous
(Adj.)
brave, gallant, valiant
Precise
(Adj.)
Precise information, details etc are exact, clear, and correct
SYN exact
Used to emphasize that you are referring to an exact thing
SYN exact
Someone who is precise is very careful about small details or about the way they behave
Glimpse
(N.)
A quick look at someone or something that does not allow you to see them clearly
A short experience of something that helps you begin to understand it
Fortitude
(N.) (formal)
Courage shown when you are in great pain or experiencing a lot of trouble
SYN strength
Requisite
(Adj.) (formal)
Needed for a particular purpose
SYN necessary,
required
Subside
(V.)
If a feeling, pain, sound etc subsides, it gradually becomes less and then stops
SYN die down
(formal) If a building or an area of land subsides, it gradually sinks to a lower level
If bad weather conditions subside, they gradually return to a normal state
If water, especially flood water, subsides, it gradually goes underground or back to a normal level
Impromptu
(Adj.)
Done or said without any preparation or planning
impromptu speech/party/meeting etc
Flank
(N.)
The side of an animal’s or person’s body, between the ribs and the hip
The side of an army in a battle, or a sports team when playing
The side of a hill, mountain, or very large building
Command
(N.)
The control of a group of people or a situation
An order that should be obeyed
An instruction to a computer to do something
Command of something:knowledge of something, especially a language, or ability to use something
have a good/excellent/poor etc command of something
Commend
(V.) (formal)
To praise or approve of someone or something publicly
commend somebody for something
To tell someone that something is good or that it deserves attention
SYN recommend
Commend itself to somebody (formal)
if something commends itself to you, you approve of it
Perforce
(Adv) (literary)
because it is necessary بهناچار به زور به اجبار ناگزیر
Impeccable
(Adj.)
Without any faults and impossible to criticize
SYN perfect
Pristine
(Adj.)
Extremely fresh or clean
Something that is pristine is in the same condition as when it was first made
Not spoiled or damaged in any way
Dazzling
(Adj.)
A light that is dazzling is very bright and makes you unable to see properly for a short time
Very impressive and attractive
Appalling
(Adj.)
Very unpleasant and shocking SYN terrible Very bad SYN atrocious
Grave
(Adj.)
Grave problems, situations, or worries are very great or bad>serious
Looking or sounding quiet and serious, especially because something important or worrying has happened
SYN sombre
Devastated
(Adj.)
Feeling extremely shocked and sad
Atrocious
(Adj.)
Extremely bad
SYN awful
atrociously adverb
Furious
(Adj.)
Very angry
furious at/ about
furious with
furious that
Done with a lot of energy, effort, or speed
furiously (adv.)
fury (n.)
Rapture
(N.)
(literary)
Great excitement and happiness
be in raptures/go into raptures (BrE) (formal)
To express or feel great pleasure and happiness about something
rapture over/about/at
Dram
(N.)
A small alcoholic drink, especially whisky – used especially in Scotland
Sciential
(Adj.)
possessing knowledge, knowledgeable; pertaining to science, scientific; pertaining to knowledge
Approbation
(N.)
formal
Official praise or approval
Lunette
(N.)
Crescent-shaped object or opening; crescent shaped space (especially over a door or window)
Perennial
(Adj.)
Continuing or existing for a long time, or happening again and again
A plant that is perennial lives for more than two years
annual
perennially adverb
Immure
(V.)
(formal) (literary)
To shut someone in a place so that they cannot get out
Vitiate
(V.) (formal)
To make something less effective or spoil
Solstice
(N.)
The time when the sun is furthest north or south of the equator
the summer/winter solstice= the longest or shortest day of the year
equinox
Mingle
(V.)
If two feelings, sounds, smells etc mingle, they mix together with each other
mingle with
be mingled with something
If you mingle at a party, you move around the room and talk to lots of different people
mingle with
Mirth
(N.)
(literary)
Happiness and laughter
mirthful adjective
Uplift
(V.) (formal)
To make someone feel happier
To make something higher
Spirit
(N.)
The qualities that make someone live the way they do, and make them different from other people
in spirit
independent/proud/free etc spirit= a person with a particular type of character
Spirits:the way someone feels at a particular time, for example if they are happy or sad
>mood
The part of someone that you cannot see, that consists of the qualities that make up their character, which many people believe continues to live after the person has died >soul
Overloaded
(V.)
To put too many things or people on or into something
be/ become overloaded with something
To put too much electricity through an electrical system or piece of equipment
To give someone too much work or information to deal with
be/ become overloaded with something
Genre
(N.)
(formal)
A particular type of art, writing, music etc, which has certain features that all examples of this type share
genre of
Upbeat
(Adj.)
Positive and making you feel that good things will happen
OPP downbeat
Down-to-earth
(Adj.)
Practical and direct in a sensible honest way
Stream
(N.)
A natural flow of water that moves across the land and is narrower than a river
>downstream,upstream
A long and almost continuous series of events, people, objects etc
stream of
steady/ constant/ endless etc stream
A flow of water, air, smoke etc, or the direction in which it is flowing
Come on stream:To start working or producing something
A level of ability within a group of students of the same age
Acclaimed
(Adj.)
Publicly praised by a lot of people
highly/ widely/ universally acclaimed
Hail from somewhere
Phrasal verb
Old-fashioned
to have been born in a particular place
Make a killing
(N.)(informal)
To make a lot of money in a short time
Maintaine
(V.)
To make something continue in the same way or at the same standard as before
To make a level or rate of activity, movement etc stay the same
To strongly express your belief that something is true
SYN claim
maintain that
maintain your innocence =say that you did not commit a crime
Somewhat
(Adv.)
More than a little but not very
somewhat larger/ higher/ newer etc
somewhat of
Low-profile
(Adj.)
Not receiving or wanting any attention
OPP high-profile
(BrE) Designed to be lower than other things of the same type
Impressive
(Adj.)
Something that is impressive makes you admire it because it is very good, large, important etc
Treasure (N.)
(N.)
A group of valuable things such as gold, silver, jewels etc
buried/ hidden/ sunken treasure
A very valuable and important object such as a painting or ancient document
(informal) Someone who is very useful or important to you
Fortune
(N.)
A very large amount of money
Chance or luck, and the effect that it has on your life
The good or bad things that happen in life
Tell somebody’s fortune:to tell someone what will happen to them in the future by looking at their hands, using cards etc
Attend
(V.) (formal)
To go to an event such as a meeting or a class
To go regularly to a school, church etc
(formal) To happen or exist at the same time as something
To look after someone, especially because they are ill
Gifted
(Adj.)
Having a natural ability to do one or more things extremely well>talented
gifted musician/ artist/ teacher etc
academically/ musically/ athletically etc gifted
gifted child =one who is extremely intelligent
gifted with
Compose
(V.)
Be composed of something:to be formed from a number of substances, parts, or people
SYN consist of
(formal) To combine together to form something
SYN make up
To write a piece of music
composer, composition
Compose a letter/ poem/ speech etc:to write a letter, poem etc, thinking very carefully about it as you write it
Strum
(V.)
To play an instrument such as a guitar by moving your fingers up and down across its strings
Lyric
(N.) lyrics:the words of a song (also lyric poem) (technical) a poem, usually a short one, written in a lyric style
Catchy
(Adj.)
A catchy tune or phrase is easy to remember
Sizeable
Sizable
(Adj.)
Fairly large
sizeable amount/ number
sizeable proportion/ portion/ minority (of something)
Break
(N.)
A period of time when you stop working in order to rest, eat etc
A time when you leave a person or group, or end a relationship with someone
(informal) A sudden or unexpected chance to do something that allows you to become successful in your job
The place where a bone in your body has broken
Hit
(N.) Something such as a film, play, song etc that is very popular and successful a hit single/ show/ record etc a big/ smash/ number 1 etc hit be a hit with somebody =be liked by them An occasion when something that is aimed at something else touches it, reaches it, or damages it
Debut
(N.)
The first public appearance of an entertainer, sports player etc or of something new and important somebody's debut film/ acting/ directorial etc debut debut album/ CD/ single etc debut match/ performance/ etc
Contemporary
(Adj.)
Belonging to the present time
SYN modern
contemporary music/ art/ dance etc
Happening or done in the same period of time
contemporary with
Off-key
(Adj.)
Music that is off-key sounds unpleasant because it is played slightly above or below the correct pitch
>in tune
(Adv.)
Musical instrument
(N.)
Something that you use for playing music, such as a piano or guitar
SYN instrument
Abstract
(Adj.)
Based on general ideas or principles rather than specific examples or real events
SYN theoretical
abstract idea/ concept etc
Existing only as an idea or quality rather than as something real that you can see or touch
OPP concrete
Abstract paintings, designs etc consist of shapes and patterns that do not look like real people or things
Harmony
(N.)
Notes of music combined together in a pleasant way
in harmony
When people live or work together without fighting or disagreeing with each other
peace and harmony
live/ work etc in harmony
Be in harmony with something (formal):to agree with another idea, feeling etc, or look good with other things
The pleasant effect made by different things that form an attractive whole
Appealing
(Adj.)
Attractive or interesting OPP unappealing Appealing look expression voice etc:a look etc that shows that someone wants help or sympathy
Suppose
(V.) (spoken phrases)
I suppose:used to say you think something is true, although you are uncertain about it
SYN I guess
I don’t suppose (that):used to ask a question in an indirect way, especially if you think the answer will be no
Be supposed to do/be something
Used to say what someone should or should not do, especially because of rules or what someone in authority has said
Used to say what was or is expected or intended to happen, especially when it did not happen
Used to say that something is believed to be true by many people, although it might not be true or you might disagree
Tempo
(N.)
The speed at which music is played or should be played
The speed at which something happens
Scorching
(Adj.) (Adv.)
Extremely hot
Sultry
(Adj.)
Weather that is sultry is hot with air that feels wet
SYN humid
A woman who is sultry makes other people feel strong sexual attraction to her
Bulky
(Adj.)
Something that is bulky is bigger than other things of its type, and is difficult to carry or store
Someone who is bulky is big and heavy
Down jacket
(N.)
A down jacket is a jacket which has been insulated with the soft and warm under feathers from duck or geese. Down is a fantastic insulator as the loft (or fluffiness) of down creates thousands of tiny air pockets which trap warm air and retain heat, thus helping to keep the wearer very warm in cold winter weather
Soft hair like a baby’s
The soft fine feathers of a bird
One of the four chances that an American football team has to move forward when it is their turn to have the ball
The downs:low round hills covered with grass, as in the south of England
Have a down on somebody(BrE) (informal)
to dislike or have a bad opinion of someone
Longing
(N.)
A strong feeling of wanting something or someone
longing for
longing to
Bright
(Adj.)
Shining strongly, or with plenty of light
If the weather is bright, the sun is shining and there is a lot of light
OPP dull
Intelligent and able to learn things quickly
brightly adv
brightness noun
Bask
(V.)
To enjoy sitting or lying in the heat of the sun or a fire
If a place basks in the sun, it is sunny and warm
To enjoy the approval or attention that you are getting from other people
bask in
Sweltering
(Adj.)
Extremely hot and uncomfortable
Oppressive
(Adj.)
Powerful, cruel, and unfair
Weather that is oppressive is unpleasantly hot with no movement of air
A situation that is oppressive makes you unhappy, worried, or uncomfortable
oppressively adverb
Humid
(Adj.)
If the weather is humid, you feel uncomfortable because the air is very wet and usually hot
humidity
humid air/ climate etc
Scattered
(Adj.)
Spread over a wide area or over a long period of time
scattered over/ throughout/ across/ around etc
Torrential
(Adj.)
Torrential rain:very heavy rain
Let up
Phrasal verb
To become less severe or harmful
To be less severe, unkind, or violent towards someone
To stop working as hard as you were
However
(Adv.)
Used when you are adding a fact or piece of information that seems surprising, or seems very different from what you have just said
SYN nevertheless
Used to say that it does not matter how big, good, serious etc something is because it will not change a situation in any way
SYN no matter how
(especially BrE) Used to show surprise when you ask how something happens or how someone does something
Air conditioning
Air conditioner
(N.)
written abbreviation AC
A system that makes the air in a room or building cooler and drier
So far
(Adv.)
(also thus far formal)
Until now
Mess up
Phrasal verb (informal) mess something ↔ up
To spoil or ruin something, especially something important or something that has been carefully planned
To make something dirty or untidy
To make a mistake and do something badly
To make someone have emotional or mental problems
(AmE) (informal)
To hurt someone especially by hitting them
Tanned
(Adj.)
Having a darker skin colour because you have been in the sun
Pleasing
(Adj.) (formal)
Giving pleasure, enjoyment, or satisfaction
pleasing to
Breeze
(N.)
A gentle wind
breezy
Be a breeze (informal)
to be very easy
Prediction
(N.)
A statement about what you think is going to happen, or the act of making this statement
prediction of
Variety
(N.) (plural varieties)
a variety of something
a lot of things of the same type that are different from each other in some way
(Grammar
If you are using a variety of before a plural noun, it is better to use a plural verb, although a singular verb is sometimes used)
The differences within a group, set of actions etc that make it interesting
Marvel
(V.)
marvelled, marvelling (BrE), marveled, marveling (AmE)
To feel or express great surprise or admiration at something, especially someone’s behaviour
marvel at/ over
marvel that
Squeezed into
(V.)
To press something firmly together with your fingers or hand
To get liquid from something by pressing it
squeeze something out
squeeze something on/ onto something
To try to make something fit into a space that is too small, or to try to get into such a space SYN squash squeeze into squeeze through/ past squeeze somebody/ something in
Trigger
Trigger off
(V.)
To make something happen very quickly, especially a series of events
trigger a memory =make you suddenly remember something
To make something such as a bomb or electrical system start to operate
SYN set off
Passion
(N.)
A very strong feeling of sexual love>desire
passion for
Very strong belief or feeling about something
with passion
A very strong liking for something
passion for
Fly into a passion (literary)to suddenly become very angry
Driving
(Adj.)
Driving rain/ snow
rain or snow that falls very hard and fast
Driving force
someone or something that strongly influences people and makes them do something
driving behind
Driving ambition
a very great desire to do or achieve something
Flurry
(N.) (plural flurries)
A time when there is suddenly a lot of activity and people are very busy
flurry of
A small amount of snow or rain that is blown by the wind
flurry of
Plough
Plow (AmE)
(V.)
To turn over the earth using a plough so that seeds can be planted
To move with a lot of effort or force
plough through/ up/ across etc
plough a lonely/ lone furrow(BrE) (literary)
To do a job or activity that is different from those done by other people, or to do it alone
Swirl
(V.)
To move around quickly in a twisting circular movement, or to make something do this
swirl around/ round
swirl something around/ round
If stories or ideas swirl around a place, a lot of people start to talk about them – used especially in news reports
SYN circulate
swirl around
Icy
(Adj.) Rxtremely cold SYN frosty Covered in ice An icy remark, look etc shows that you feel annoyed with or unfriendly towards someone >icily iciness noun
Die down
phrasal verb
If something dies down, it becomes less strong, active, or violent
Pick up
Phrasal verb
Pick something somebody ↔ up: to lift something or someone up
Pick yourself up: to get up from the ground after you have fallen
Pick something ↔ up (AmE): to make a room or building tidy
Pick something ↔ up (informal): a)to get or win something.b)to buy something or get it from a shop etc
If the wind picks up, it increases or grows stronger
Slight
(Adj.)
Small in degree
OPP big
Not the slightest chance doubt difference etc: no chance, doubt etc at all
Someone who is slight is thin and delicate
OPP stocky
Not in the slightest (BrE) (spoken):
not at all
Blast
(N.)
A sudden strong movement of wind or air
blast of
An explosion, or the very strong movement of air that it causes
in the blast
bomb/ shotgun/ nuclear etc blast
A sudden very loud noise, especially one made by a whistle or horn
blast on
long/ short blast
Gust
(N.)
A sudden strong movement of wind, air, rain etc gust of gust of laughter a sound of loud laughter
Unseasonably
(Adv.)
unseasonably warm/ cold/ hot etc Used for saying that the weather is warmer, colder etc than usual at a particular time of year
unseasonable adjective
Lousy
(Adj.)
(especially spoken) Of very bad quality
SYN awful,
terrible
(spoken) Feel lousy
if you feel lousy, you feel ill
(spoken) Not very good at doing something
SYN hopeless,
terrible
lousy at/ with
(spoken) Small, useless, or unimportant
be lousy with something (AmE old-fashioned)
a) a place that is lousy with people of a particular kind is too full of them
b) someone who is lousy with money has a lot more of it than they need
Miserable
(Adj.)
Extremely unhappy, for example because you feel lonely, cold, or badly treated
Making you feel very unhappy, uncomfortable
Miserable weather is cold and dull, with no sun shining
Very small in amount, or very bad in quality
miserably adv
Nasty
(Adj.)
Nasty behaviour or remarks are extremely unkind and unpleasant
Someone who is nasty behaves in an unkind and unpleasant way
A nasty experience, feeling, or situation is unpleasantnasty shock surprise
Having a bad appearance, smell, taste etc
Severe or very painful
A nasty substance is dangerous
Superb
(Adj.)
Extremely good
SYN excellent
superbly adverb
Gloomy
(Adj.)
Making you feel that things will not improve
SYN depressing
OPP bright
Sad because you think the situation will not improve
SYN depressed
OPP cheerful
Dark, especially in a way that makes you feel sad
OPP bright
gloomily adverb
Dismal
(Adj.)
If a situation or a place is dismal, it is so bad that it makes you feel very unhappy and hopeless
Bad and unsuccessful
dismally adverb
Muggy
(Adj.)
(informal) muggy weather is unpleasantly warm and the air seems wet
SYN humid
Harsh
(Adj.)
Harsh conditions are difficult to live in and very uncomfortable
SYN severe
harsh winter/ weather/ climate
Severe, cruel, or unkind
harsh criticism/ treatment/ punishment etc
Unpleasantly loud and rough
OPP soft
harsh voice/ laugh/ tone etc
Unpleasantly bright
OPP soft
Couple
(N.) A couple a)two things or people of the same kind SYN a few couple of b)a small number of things couple of Two people who are married or having a sexual or romantic relationship
Evidently
(Adv.)
Used to say that something is true because you can see that it is true
SYN clearly
Used to say that you have been told that something is true
SYN apparently
Cover
(V.)
(also cover up)
To put something over or be over something in order to hide, close, or protect it
If something covers a surface, it forms a layer over it
To include or deal with a particular subject or group of things
To travel a particular distance
To spread over an area
Facet
(N.)
One of several parts of someone’s character, a situation etc
SYN aspect
facet of
Multi-faceted/ Many-faceted: consisting of many different parts
One of the flat sides of a cut jewel
Careless
(Adj.)
Not paying enough attention to what you are doing, so that you make mistakes, damage things etc
OPP careful
Natural and not done with any deliberate effort or attention
Not concerned about something
careless of
carelessly adverb
carelessness noun
Underscore
(V.) (especially AmE)
To emphasize the fact that something is important or true
SYN underline
To draw a line under a word or phrase to show that it is important
SYN underline
Independent (of)
(Adj.)
An independent organization is not owned or controlled by, or does not receive money from, another organization or the government
Confident and able to do things by yourself in your own way, without needing help or advice from other people
OPP dependent
Having enough money to live, without having to ask for help from other people
independently adv
Rely (on/ upon) (something/ someone)
Phrasal verb
To trust or depend on someone or something to do what you need or expect them to do
reliable, reliance
rely on somebody/ something to do something
rely for
To depend on something in order to continue to live or exist
rely for
Oral report
(N.)
A report is a document that presents information in an organized format for a specific audience and purpose. Although summaries of reports may be delivered orally, complete reports are almost always in the form of written documents
Aspect
(N.)
One part of a situation, idea, plan etc that has many parts
aspect of
The direction in which a window, room, front of a building etc faces
(literary) The appearance of someone or something
(technical) The form of a verb in grammar that shows whether an action is continuing, or happens always, again and again, or once
Obliviousness
(N.)
Forgetfulness, state of being completely unaware, lack of attention
Emphasize
Emphasise (BrE)
(V.)
To say something in a strong way
SYN stress
emphasize that/ how
To say a word or phrase louder or higher than others to give it more importance
SYN stress
To make something more noticeable
SYN accentuate
Dependable
(Adj.)
Able to be trusted to do what you need or expect
dependably adverb
dependability noun
Count on/upon (somebody/ something)
Phrasal verb
To depend on someone or something, especially in a difficult situation
count on (somebody/ something) doing something
count on somebody something to do something
To expect something
count on (somebody/ something) doing something
Inattentive
(Adj.)
Not giving enough attention to someone or something OPP attentive inattentively adverb inattentiveness noun
Obviously
(Adv.)
Used to mean that a fact can easily be noticed or understood
SYN clearly
Impulsive
(Adj.)
Someone who is impulsive does things without considering the possible dangers or problems first
>rash
impulsively adv
impulsiveness noun
Depend on/upon (somebody/something)
Phrasal verb
If something depends on something else, it is directly affected or decided by that thing
depend on how/what/whether etc
depending on something
To need the support, help, or existence of someone or something in order to exist, be healthy, be successful etc
SYN rely on
To trust or have confidence in someone or something
Ignorant
(Adj.)
Not knowing facts or information that you ought to know
ignorant of
ignorant about
Caused by a lack of knowledge and understanding
(BrE) (spoken) Rude or impolite
ignorantly adverb
Reliant
(Adj.)
Dependent on someone or something
reliant on/upon
self-reliant
Incautious
(Adj.)
If you are incautious, you do not think about the possible bad results of your actions
incautiously adverb
Accentuate
(V.)
To make something more noticeable
accentuation noun
Obvious
(Adj.)
Easy to notice or understand
Behaving in a way that shows you want something very badly, when other people think this behaviour is not suitable
the/an obvious choice: the person or thing that you would expect everyone to choose
the obvious thing to do: what clearly seems the best thing to do
state the obvious:to say something that is already obvious so it is not necessary to say it
Entire
(Adj.)
Used when you want to emphasize that you mean all of a group, period of time, amount etc
SYN whole
Underline
(V.)
To draw a line under a word to show that it is important
To show that something is important
SYN highlight
Carefree
(Adj.)
Having no worries or problems
Student body
(N.) (AmE)
All of the students in a high school, college, or university, considered as a group
Dependency
(N.)
(plural dependencies)
Dependence
A country that is controlled by another country
colony
Stress
(N.)
Continuous feelings of worry about your work or personal life, that prevent you from relaxing
>strain
The physical force or pressure on an object
The special attention or importance given to a particular idea, fact, or activity
SYN emphasis
put/lay stress on something
The degree of force or loudness with which a part of a word is pronounced or a note in music is played, which makes it sound stronger than other parts or notes
Challenge
(N.)
Something that tests strength, skill, or ability, especially in a way that is interesting
When someone refuses to accept that someone or something is right and legal
When someone tries to win something or invites someone to try to beat them in a fight, competition etc
A demand from someone such as a guard to stop and give proof of who you are, and an explanation of what you are doing
Oblivious
(Adj.)
Not knowing about or not noticing something that is happening around you SYN unaware oblivious of/to seemingly/apparently oblivious
obliviousness noun
Reliable
(Adj.)
Someone or something that is reliable can be trusted or depended on SYN dependable rely reliably adverb reliability noun
Lean on somebody
Phrasal verb
To depend on someone for support and encouragement, especially at a difficult time
(informal) To try to influence someone, especially by threatening them
Addiction
(N.)
The need to take a harmful drug regularly, without being able to stop
drug/heroin/alcohol etc addiction
addiction to
A strong desire to do or have something regularly
Take part
(N.)
take part: to be involved in an activity, sport, event etc with other people
part in
take an active/leading part
⚠ Do not say take a part in something. Say take part in something.
Merit
(N.)
An advantage or good feature of something
merit of
(formal) A good quality that makes someone or something deserve praise
have some merit be of merit =be good
on merit
artistic/literary merit
judge/consider etc something on its (own) merits: to judge something only on what you see when you look at it rather than on what you know from other people or things
Relieve
(V.)
To reduce someone’s pain or unpleasant feelings>relief
relieve tension/pressure/stress etc
To make a problem less difficult or serious
To replace someone when they have completed their duty or when they need a rest
Relieve yourself:a polite expression meaning to urinate – often used humorously
To make something less dull and boring:
relieve the boredom monotony
Guild
(N.)
An organization of people who do the same job or have the same interests
Sweat
(V.)
To have drops of salty liquid coming out through your skin because you are hot, ill, frightened, or doing exercise
SYN perspire
sweat heavily/profusely =sweat a lot
sweat like a pig/sweat buckets informal =sweat a lot
(informal) to work hard
sweat over
sweat blood/sweat your guts out =work very hard
(informal) to be anxious, nervous, or worried about something sweat bullets (AmE) =be very anxious
Profuse
(Adj.)
produced or existing in large quantities profusely adv profuseness noun
Effectively
(Adv.)
In a way that produces the result that was intended
OPP ineffectively
Used to describe what you see as the real facts of the situation
SYN in effect
Burn up
Phrasal verb
If something burns up or is burnt up, it is completely destroyed by fire or heat
burn something ↔ up
burn something ↔ up (informal) To use a lot of something in a careless way be burning up (spoken) if someone is burning up, they are very hot, usually because they are ill burn somebody up (AmE) (informal) To make someone very angry burn something ↔ up To use energy that is stored in your body, by being physically active
Apart from Aside from (AmE)
Preposition
Except for As well as جدا از سوا از صرف نظر از
Participation
(N.)
The act of taking part in an activity or event
SYN involvement
participation in
Boarden
(V.)
To increase something such as your knowledge, experience, or range of activities
To affect or include more people or things, or to make something affect or include more people or things
SYN widen, expand
To make something wider, or to become wider
SYN widen
Social circle
(N.)
A social circle is a group of socially interconnected people. A social circle may be viewed from the perspective of an individual who is the locus of a particular group of socially interconnected people and from the perspective of the group as a cohesive unit
Cultivate
(V.)
To prepare and use land for growing crops and plants
(formal)
to plant and take care of a particular crop
SYN grow
To work hard to develop a particular skill, attitude, or quality
To make an effort to develop a friendly relationship with someone, especially someone who can help you
Cooperation
(N.) When you work with someone to achieve something that you both want cooperation with in cooperation with somebody cooperation between
Willingness to do what someone asks you to do
Athletic
(Adj.)
Physically strong and good at sport
Relating to athletics
Extreme sports
(Adj.)
Extreme sports/surfing/skiing etc An extreme sport is one that is done in a way that has much more risk and so is more dangerous than an ordinary form of the sport
Extreme athlete/surfer/skier etc
Someone who does extreme sports
Amateure
(N.) Someone who does an activity just for pleasure, not as their job OPP professional (informal) Someone who you think is not very skilled at something amateur adjective amateurism noun
Athlete
(N.)
Someone who competes in sports competitions, especially running, jumping, and throwing
Someone who is good at sports and who often does sports
Court
(N.)
The place where a trial is held, or the people there, especially the judge and the jury who examine the evidence and decide whether someone is guilty or not guilty
An area made for playing games such as tennis>field, pitch
squash/tennis/basketball etc court
on court
The place where a king or queen lives and works
the court
the king, queen, their family, and their friends, advisers et
Track
(N.)
A narrow path or road with a rough uneven surface, especially one made by people or animals frequently moving through the same place
Tracks:a line of marks left on the ground by a moving person, animal, or vehicle
A circular course around which runners, cars etc race, which often has a specially prepared surface
Contact sport
(N.)
A sport such as american football, rugby etc in which players have physical contact with each other
Field
(N.)
An area of land in the country, especially one where crops are grown or animals feed on grassa view of green fields and rolling hills
field of
corn/rice/wheat etc field
A subject that people study or an area of activity that they are involved in as part of their work
field of
An area of ground where sports are played
a baseball/football/cricket etc field
on/off the field
Atletics
(N.)
(BrE) Sports such as running and jumping
SYN track and field (AmE)
(AmE) Physical activities such as sports and exercise
Divide
(V.)
If something divides, or if you divide it, it separates into two or more parts
divide something into something
divide into
(also divide off) To keep two areas separate from each other
To separate something into parts and share them between people
If you divide your time, energy etc between different activities or places, you spend part of your time doing each activity or in each place
Willing
(Adj.)
Prepared to do something, or having no reason to not want to do it
willing to do something
quite/perfectly willing
Willing helper/volunteer/partner etc: Someone who is eager to help etc and does not have to be persuaded
willingly adv
willingness noun
Build up
Phrasal verb
If something builds up somewhere, or if you build it up, it gradually becomes bigger or greaterthe rate at which the pension builds up
build something ↔ up
Build something ↔ up
to make something develop or form
build into
If a feeling builds up, or if you build it up, it increases gradually over a period of time
To make someone well and strong again, especially after an illness
To praise someone or something so that other people think they are really good, or so that they have more confidence
Wrestler
(N.)
Someone who takes part in wrestling
Subject
(N.)
The thing you are talking about or considering in a conversation, discussion, book, film etc
(⚠ Do not say the subject is about … The subject of the poem is war./The poem is about war.)
An area of knowledge that you study at a school or university
The thing or person that you show when you paint a picture, take a photograph etc
A person or animal that is used in a test or experiment
A noun, noun phrase, or pronoun that usually comes before a main verb and represents the person or thing that performs the action of the verb, or about which something is stated, for example she in She hit John or elephants in Elephants are big
Someone who was born in a country that has a king or queen, or someone who has a right to live there
Physical education
(N.)
(abbreviation PE)
Sport and physical exercise that are taught as a school subject
Through
Preposition, adverb
Into one side or end of an entrance, passage, hole etc and out of the other side or end
through to
Cutting or breaking something, or making a hole from one side of it to the other
straight/right/clean through
From one side of an area to the other or between a group of things
get through/make it through =reach a place after a difficult journey
Because of something
By means of a particular method, service, person etc
Soccer
(N.)
A sport played by two teams of 11 players, who try to kick a round ball into their opponents opponents goal SYN football (BrE)
Volleyball
(N.)
A game in which two teams use their hands to hit a ball over a high net
Somewhat
(Adv.)
More than a little but not very
somewhat larger/higher/newer etc
somewhat of
Go through
Phrasal verb
To experience a difficult or unpleasant situation, feeling etc
To experience a particular process
To use up money or a supply of something
If a deal or agreement goes through, it is officially accepted and agreed
To practise something, for example a performance
To search something in order to find something in particular
To read or discuss something in order to make sure it is correct
Fall behind (somebody/something)
Phrasal verb
To go more slowly than other people so that they gradually move further ahead of you
To become less successful than other people, companies, countries etc
To fail to finish a piece of work or pay someone money that you owe them at the right time+ withon
Wear out
Phrasal verb
To become damaged and useless, or to make something like this, by using it a lot or for a long time
wear something ↔ out
Wear somebody out: To make someone feel extremely tired
SYN exhaust
wear yourself out
wear out your welcome: to stay with someone longer than they want you to
Work out
Phrasal verb
work something ↔ out
To think carefully about how you are going to do something and plan a good way of doing it
To calculate an answer, amount, price etc
If a problem or complicated situation works out, it gradually gets better or gets solved
If a situation works out in a particular way, it happens in that way
SYN turn out
To make your body fit and strong by doing exercises
Track and field
(N.)
Sports such as running and jumping SYN athletics (BrE)
Weightlifting
(N.)
The sport of lifting specially shaped pieces of metal that weigh an exact amount
—weightlifter noun
Wrestling
(N.)
A sport in which two people fight by holding each other and trying to make each other fall to the ground
Cycling
(N.) (especially BrE)
The activity of riding a bicycle
Horse racing
(N.)
Sport in which horses with riders race against each other
flat racing, steeplechase, jockey
Kick
(V.)
To hit something with your foot
kick something down/over/around etc
kick somebody in the stomach/face/shin etc
To move your legs as if you were kicking something
Hit
(V.)
To touch someone or something quickly and hard with your hand, a stick etc
To move into something or someone quickly and with force
To move a part of your body quickly against something accidentally, causing pain
SYN bang
If you hit a ball or other object, you make it move forward quickly by hitting it with a bat, stick etc
SYN strike
To get points by hitting a ball in a game such as baseball or cricket
Pass
(V.)
To come up to a particular place, person, or object and go past them
To go or travel along or through a place
To put something around, through, or across something else
A road, river, or railway line that passes a place goes through or near the place
To hold something in your hand and give it to someone else
To kick, throw, or hit a ball to a member of your own team during a game
Throw
(V.)
To make an object such as a ball move quickly through the air by pushing your hand forward quickly and letting the object go
(⚠ You throw something to someone when you want them to catch it. You throw something at someone when you want to hit them)
To put something somewhere quickly and carelessly
To push someone or something roughly and violently
Catch
(V.)
To get hold of and stop an object such as a ball that is moving through the air
To suddenly take hold of someone or something with your hand
To stop someone after you have been chasing them and not let them get away
To find a criminal or enemy and stop them from escaping
SYN capture
Impolite
(Adj.)
Not polite
SYN rude
it is impolite (of somebody) (to do something)
impolitely adverb
Misbehavior (AmE)
Misbehaviour (BrE)
(N.)
Bad behaviour that is not acceptable to other people
SYN misconduct
So (that)
Conjunction
a)in order to make something happen, make something possible etc
b)used to say that something happens or is true as a result of the situation you have just stated
Modify
(V.)
To make small changes to something in order to improve it and make it more suitable or effective
SYN adapt
modify something to do something
if an adjective, adverb etc modifies another word, it describes something or limits the word’s meaning. In the phrase ‘walk slowly’, the adverb ‘slowly’ modifies the verb ‘walk’.
Timely
(Adj.)
Done or happening at exactly the right time
In a timely manner/fashion =as quickly as is reasonable in a particular situation
a timely reminder of (something) (BrE) =one that makes you remember something important
Manner
(N.) (formal) The way in which something is done or happens manner of (doing) something in a... manner in the usual/normal etc manner
The way in which someone behaves towards or talks to other people
manner towards
Manners: Polite ways of behaving in social situations
Constructive
(Adj.)
Useful and helpful, or likely to produce good results
constructively adverb
Moral
(Adj.)
Relating to the principles of what is right and wrong behaviour, and with the difference between good and evil
>morally, ethical
moral standards/values/principles
Based on your ideas about what is right, rather than on what is legal or practical
moral duty/obligation/responsibility
Stay away from
(V.)
Do not come near to, do not attempt to approach, keep your distance
So as to do something
Conjuction
formal
In order to do something
به منظور انجام کاری
تا کاری انجام شود
Rectify
(V.)
(rectified, rectifying, rectifies) (formal) To correct something that is wrong SYN put right rectification noun
Code
(N.)
A set of rules, laws, or principles that tell people how to behave
code of conduct/behaviour/ethics
code of practice =a set of rules that people in a particular business or profession agree to obey
A system of words, letters, or symbols that you use instead of ordinary writing, so that the information can only be understood by someone else who knows the system
in code
break/crack a code
Conduct
(N.) (formal)
The way someone behaves, especially in public, in their job etc SYN behaviour ethical/professional etc conduct improper/violent/offensive etc conduct
Conduct of somethingthe way in which an activity is organized and carried out
Sensitive
(Adj.)
Able to understand other people’s feelings and problems
OPP insensitive
Easily upset or offended by events or things that people say
Easily affected or damaged by something such as a substance or temperature
A situation or subject that is sensitive needs to be dealt with very carefully, because it is secret or because it may offend people
Reacting to very small changes in light, temperature, position etc
Able to understand or express yourself through art, music, literature etc
sensitively adv
Vain
(Adj.)
Someone who is vain is too proud of their good looks, abilities, or position – used to show disapproval
SYN conceited
in vain
a) Without success in spite of your efforts
b) Without purpose or without positive results
A vain attempt, hope, or search fails to achieve the result you wanted
vainly adv
Tense
(Adj.)
A tense situation is one in which you feel very anxious and worried because of something bad that might happen
>tension
tense situation/atmosphere/moment etc
Feeling worried, uncomfortable, and unable to relax
OPP relaxed
Unable to relax your body or part of your body because your muscles feel tight
>tension
tensely adverb
tenseness noun
Pessimistic
(Adj.)
Expecting that bad things will happen in the future or that something will have a bad result
OPP optimistic
pessimistic about
pessimistically adverb
Naive
(Adj.)
Not having much experience of how complicated life is, so that you trust people too much and believe that good things will always happen
>innocent
it is naive to think/suppose/assume etc
naively adv
naivety (also naiveté) noun
Rude
(Adj.)
Speaking or behaving in a way that is not polite and is likely to offend or annoy people
SYN impolite
OPP polite
Rude jokes, words, songs etc are about sex SYN dirty (AmE)
Rude awakening/shock
a situation in which you suddenly realize something unpleasant
rudely adv
rudeness noun
Nosy
Nosey
(Adj.)
Always wanting to find out things that do not concern you, especially other people’s private affairs
nosiness noun
nosily adverb
Cheeky
(Adj.) (BrE)
Rude or disrespectful, sometimes in a way that is amusing
cheeky devil/monkey etc
cheekily adv
cheekiness noun
Bad-tempered
(Adj.) (BrE)
Someone who is bad-tempered becomes easily annoyed and talks in an angry way to people
SYN irritable
Arrogant
(Adj.)
Behaving in an unpleasant or rude way because you think you are more important than other people
arrogantly adverb
Gossip
(N.)
Information that is passed from one person to another about other people’s behaviour and private lives, often including unkind or untrue remarks
gossip about
A conversation in which you exchange information with someone about other people’s lives and things that have happened
Someone who likes talking about other people’s private lives – used to show disapproval
Coward
(N.)
Someone who is not at all brave
cowardly adjective
Catious
(Adj.)
Careful to avoid danger or risks >caution cautious about (doing) something
cautiously adv
cautiousness noun
Tie up
Phrasal verb
Tie somebody ↔ up: to tie someone’s arms, legs etc so that they cannot move
SYN bind
Tie something ↔ up: to fasten something together, using string, rope etc
Be tied up: to be very busy, so that you cannot do anything else
To block a system or use it so much that other people cannot use it or it does not work effectively
tie-up
Tie something ↔ up: to finish arranging all the details of something such as an agreement or a plan
SYN finalize
Employee
(N.)
Someone who is paid to work for someone else
SYN worker
Assess
(V.)
To make a judgment about a person or situation after thinking carefully about it
SYN judge
assess the impact/extent/effectiveness etc of something
assess what/how etc
be assessed as something
To calculate the value or cost of something
be assessed at something
View
(N.) What you think or believe about something SYN opinion view on/about view that
A way of thinking about or understanding something
view of
optimistic/pessimistic/balanced etc view
take a dim/poor view of something =disapprove
What you are able to see or whether you can see it
Donate
(V.)
To give something, especially money, to a person or an organization in order to help them
>donor
donate something to somebody/something
To allow some blood or a body organ to be removed from your body so that it can be used in a hospital to help someone who is ill or injured
>donor
Trivial
(Adj.)
Not serious, important, or valuable
trivial problem/matter/complaint etc
Compliance
(N.) (formal)
When someone obeys a rule, agreement, or demand >comply in compliance with something compliance with ensure/secure/enforce compliance
Scholarship
(N.)
An amount of money that is given to someone by an educational organization to help pay for their education
scholarship to
on a scholarship
The knowledge, work, or methods involved in serious studying
Cautiously
(Adv.)
carefully, warily
Intrinsically
(Adv.)
In an essential manner, naturally, inherently, innately
Deliberately
(Adv.)
Done in a way that is intended or planned
Done or said in a slow careful way
Dedicate
(V.)
To give all your attention and effort to one particular thing
dedicate yourself/your life to something
To say at the beginning of a book or film, or before a piece of music, that it has been written, made, or performed for someone that you love or respect
dedicate something to somebody
To state in an official ceremony that a building will be given someone’s name in order to show respect for them
To use a place, time, money etc only for a particular purpose
dedicate something to/for something
Marginal
(Adj.)
A marginal change or difference is too small to be important
OPP significant
(technical)
Relating to a change in cost, value etc when one more thing is produced, one more dollar is earned etc
Marginal people or groups are not considered powerful or important
OPP mainstream
Written in a margin
Aspect
(N.)
One part of a situation, idea, plan etc that has many parts
aspect of
The direction in which a window, room, front of a building etc faces
(literary) The appearance of someone or something
(technical) The form of a verb in grammar that shows whether an action is continuing, or happens always, again and again, or once
Perspective
(N.)
A way of thinking about something, especially one which is influenced by the type of person you are or by your experiences
>viewpoint
perspective on
from somebody’s perspective
from a feminist/Christian/global etc perspective
wider/broader perspective
A method of drawing a picture that makes objects look solid and shows distance and depth, or the effect this method produces in a picture
(formal) A view, especially one in which you can see a long way into the distance
Compliant
(Adj.)
Willing to obey or to agree to other people’s wishes and demands
>comply
Made or done according to particular rules or standardscomply
compliant with
Maintain
(V.)
To make something continue in the same way or at the same standard as before
To make a level or rate of activity, movement etc stay the same
To strongly express your belief that something is true
SYN claim
maintain that
maintain your innocence =say that you did not commit a crime
To keep a machine, building etc in good condition by checking and repairing it regularly
To provide someone with the things they need, such as money or food
SYN provide for
Indication
(N.)
A sign, remark, event etc that shows what is happening, what someone is thinking or feeling, or what is true
indication of
indication (that)
Discreet
(Adj.)
Careful about what you say or do, so that you do not offend, upset, or embarrass people or tell secrets
OPP indiscreet
Small and showing good taste or judgment – use this to show approval
discreetly adverb
Natural resources
(N.)
Things that exist in nature and can be used by people, for example oil, trees etc
Intrinsic
(Adj.)
Being part of the nature or character of someone or something
OPP extrinsic
intrinsic nature/quality/value/property of something
intrinsic to
intrinsically adv
Imperceptible
(Adj.)
Almost impossible to see or notice
imperceptibly adv
imperceptibility noun
Allocate
(V.)
To use something for a particular purpose, give something to a particular person etc, especially after an official decision has been made
allocate something to somebody something
allocate something for something
allocate somebody/something something
Point of view
(N.)
(plural points of view)
A particular way of thinking about or judging a situation
scientific/technical/business etc point of view
Someone’s own personal opinion or attitude about something
from somebody’s point of view
Insignificant
(Adj.)
Too small or unimportant to consider or worry about
SYN trivial
insignificant number/amount
insignificantly adverb
insignificance noun
Prospect
(N.) The possibility that something will happen prospect of doing something prospect for prospect that دور نما، منظره
A particular event which will probably or definitely happen in the future – used especially when you want to talk about how you feel about it
prospect of
daunting/exciting etc prospect
be excited/alarmed/concerned etc at the prospect (of something)
Prospects:chances of future success
job/career prospects
A person, job, plan etc that has a good chance of success in the future
Discreetly
(Adv.)
tactfully, diplomatically, cautiously; unobtrusively, modestly
Negligible
(Adj.)
Too slight or unimportant to have any effect
SYN insignificant
Approach
(N.)
A method of doing something or dealing with a problem
approach to
A request from someone, asking you to do something for them
The approach of something:the approach of a particular time or event is the fact that it is getting closer
Movement towards or near to something
A road, path etc that leads to a place, and is the main way of reaching it
The final part of a plane’s flight, before it lands at an airport
Minor
(Adj.)
Small and not very important or serious, especially when compared with other things
OPP major
minor injury/illness/operation etc =one that is not very serious or dangerous
Based on a particular type of musical scale
Comply
(V.) (formal)
complied, complying, complies
To do what you have to do or are asked to do
>compliance, compliant
comply with
Inherent
(Adj.) (formal)
A quality that is inherent in something is a natural part of it and cannot be separated from
itinherent in
inherently adv
Intention
(N.) A plan or desire to do something >intend have no/every intention of doing something intention to do something
good intentions/the best (of) intentions =intentions to do something good or kind, especially when you do not succeed in doing it
⚠ Do not say that someone ‘has no intention to do something’. Say that someone ‘has no intention of doing something’
Attitude
(N.)
The opinions and feelings that you usually have about something, especially when this is shown in your behaviour
attitude to/towards
(informal) A style of dressing, behaving etc that shows you have the confidence to do unusual and exciting things without caring what other people think
with attitude
attitudinal adj
Standpoint
(N.)
A way of thinking about people, situations, ideas etc
SYN point of view
from a theoretical/political/economic etc standpoint
Intentionally
(Adv.)
deliberately, intentionally, purposely, on purpose
In view of something
Used to introduce the reason for a decision or action
Devote
(V.)
To use all or most of your time, effort etc in order to do something or help someone
SYN dedicate
devote your time/energy/attention etc to something
devote yourself to something
(In everyday English, people usually say put timeenergy etc into something rather than devote timeenergy etc to something)
To use a particular area, period of time, or amount of space for a specific purpose
devote something to something
Come true
If wishes, dreams etc come true, they happen in the way that someone has said or hoped that they would
Generous
(Adj.) Someone who is generous is willing to give money, spend time etc, in order to help people or give them pleasure OPP mean generous to generous with it/that is generous (of somebody) generous offer/support/donation etc
Larger or more than the usual size or amount
OPP measly
generous amount/helping/measure etc
Sympathetic in the way you deal with people, and tending to see the good qualities in someone or something
OPP mean
generously adv
Tend
(V.)
Tend to do something: if something tends to happen, it happens often and is likely to happen again
(also tend to somebody/something)(old-fashioned) To look after someone or something
Tend towards something: to have one particular quality or feature more than others
Tend bar (especially AmE): to work as a bartender
(formal) To move or develop in a particular direction
tend upwards/downwards
Besides
(Adv.) / Preposition (informal)
(spoken) Used when adding another reason
(In written English, people do not usually use besides as a sentence adverb. They start a sentence with the more formal moreover instead)
In addition to someone or something else that you are mentioning
besides doing something
Guidance
(N.) Help and advice that is given to someone about their work, education, or personal life guidance on/about under somebody's expert guidance parental/spiritual etc guidance
The process of directing a missile while it is flying through the air
Quarrel
(N.) (especially BrE)
An angry argument or disagreement
quarrel with
quarrel about/over
quarrel between
A reason to disagree with something or argue with someon
equarrel with
Sensible
(Adj.)
Reasonable, practical, and showing good judgement
Suitable for a particular purpose, and practical rather than fashionable
(formal) Noticeable
Be sensible of something (literary) : to know or realize that something exists or is true
SYN aware
sensibly adverb
Loyal
(Adj.)
Always supporting your friends, principles, country etc
OPP disloyal
loyal to
loyally adv
Proud
(Adj.) Feeling pleased about something that you have done or something that you own, or about someone or something you are involved with or related to >pride OPP ashamed proud of be justly/rightly proud of something = (have good reasons for being proud) proud to do/be something proud (that)
Proudest moment/achievement/possession : the moment etc that makes you feel most proud
Thinking that you are more important, skilful etc than you really are – used to show disapproval >pride
Having respect for yourself, so that you are embarrassed to ask for help when you are in a difficult situation >pride
proudly adverb
Curious
(Adj.)
Wanting to know about something >inquisitive curious about curious to know/see/hear etc curious look/glance
Strange or unusual
curiously adv
Bold
(Adj.)
Not afraid of taking risks and making difficult decisions
So confident or determined that you sometimes offend people
Very strong or bright so that you notice them
Written or drawn in a very clear way
Printed in letters that are darker and thicker than ordinary printed letters
boldly adverb
boldness noun
Courageous
(Adj.)
Brave
(In everyday English, people usually say brave rather than courageous)
courageously adverb
Outgoing
(Adj.)
Someone who is outgoing likes to meet and talk to new people
Outgoing president/chancellor etc: someone who will soon finish their time as president etc
Going out or leaving a place
OPP incoming
Sociable
(Adj.)
Someone who is sociable is friendly and enjoys being with other people
OPP unsociable
sociably adverb
sociability noun
Encourage
(V.)
To give someone the courage or confidence to do something
OPP discourage
encourage somebody to do something
encourage somebody in something
To persuade someone to do something
OPP discourage
encourage somebody to do something
To make something more likely to exist, happen, or develop
encouraged adjective
Live up to (something)
Phrasal verb
If something or someone lives up to a particular standard or promise, they do as well as they were expected to, do what they promised etc
come/live up to somebody’s expectations
His performance did not live up to our expectations=was not as good as we expected.
The number of people who attended fell short of expectations =was lower than expected.
Expectation
(N.) What you think or hope will happen expectation that in (the) expectation of something against contrary to all expectations above/below expectations beyond (somebody's) expectations come/live up to (somebody's) expectations
A feeling or belief about the way something should be or how someone should behave
expectation of
Expectation of life: the number of years that someone is likely to live
SYN life expectancy
Imprint
(V.)
To print or press the mark of an object on something
imprint something on/in/onto something
(literary) To become fixed in your mind or memory so that you never forget
imprint something on your mind/memory/brain etc
Proper
(Adj.)
Right, suitable, or correct
Socially or legally correct and acceptable
OPP improper
it is proper for somebody to do something
(BrE) (spoken) Real, or of a good and generally accepted standard
SYN decent, real (AmE)
The real or main part of something, not other parts before, after, or near to it
Proper to something (formal): a)belonging to one particular type of thing.b)suitable for something
(BrE) (spoken) Complete
SYN real
Very polite, and careful to do what is socially correct
Principle
(N.)
A moral rule or belief about what is right and wrong, that influences how you behave
The basic idea that a plan or system is based on basic/fundamental/guiding principle principle of principle that on a principle principle behind
in principle:a)if something is possible in principle, there is no good reason why it should not happen, but it has not actually happened yet
SYN theoretically
b)if you agree to something in principle, you agree about a general plan or idea but have not yet considered the details
A rule which explains the way something such as a machine works, or which explains a natural force in the universe
Humbleness
(N.)
Simplicity, quality of being unpretentious; modesty, humility; submission, meekness
Diligent
(Adj.)
Someone who is diligent works hard and is careful and thorough
diligently adv
diligence noun
etc.
etc
(Adv.)
et cetera
Used in writing after a list to show that there are many other similar things or people that you could have added
etc. etc. = used when you are rather bored or annoyed by the list you are giving
(When writing essays, articles, or business letters, people usually avoid using etc. or etcetera, and write the sentence another way using such as
feelings of jealousy, anger, hatred, etc.
feelings such as jealousy, anger, or hatred)
Good-tempered
(Adj.)
Pleasant, kind, and not easily made angry
OPP bad-tempered
Optimistic
(Adj.)
Believing that good things will happen in the future
OPP pessimistic
optimistic about
optimistic (that)
Thinking that things will be better, easier, or more successful than is actually possible
over-optimistic (BrE)
Modest
(Adj.)
Someone who is modest does not want to talk about their abilities or achievements
OPP immodest,boastful
modest about
Not very great, big, or expensive
Shy about showing your body or attracting sexual interest, because you are easily embarrassed
OPP immodest
modestly adv
Bright
(Adj.)
Shining strongly, or with plenty of light
If the weather is bright, the sun is shining and there is a lot of light
OPP dull
Intelligent and able to learn things quickly
Accomplish
(V.)
To succeed in doing something, especially after trying very hard
SYN achieve
Treasure
(V.)
Treasure something: To have or keep something that you love and that is extremely valuable to you
synonym cherish
I treasure his friendship.
This ring is my most treasured possession.
I shall always treasure the memory of our time together.
Thank you for the watch. I will really treasure it.
memories that I will treasure for the rest of my days
Eye pleasing
(Adj.)
To be particularly attractive to look at; to be aesthetically pleasing.
Forecast
(V.)
To say what you think will happen in the future based on information that you have now synonym predict
•forecast something
Experts are forecasting a recovery in the economy.
Snow is forecast for tomorrow.
It is difficult to forecast the demand for the new train service.
•forecast something to do something
Temperatures were forecast to reach 40°C.
•forecast that…
The report forecasts that prices will rise by 3% next month.
•forecast how, what, etc…
It is difficult to forecast how the markets will react.
Snow plough (BrE)
(N.) snow plow (AmE)
A vehicle, or piece of equipment on the front of a vehicle, that is used to push snow off roads, railways etc
(BrE) A position in skiing in which you have the fronts of your skis together and the backs of your skis apart. It is used to slow down and to turn
a snow plough turn
