Grammar Review - Genki 1 Lesson 7

Question 1

~ている: Action in progress

A verbal て-form followed by いる can mean either of the following:
An action is in progress, or a past event that is connected with the present. Whichever it is, is mostly determined by the characteristics of the verb.

Examples of action in progress:
Translate:
Masumi is studying right now.
Takeshi is reading a book in English.

Answer 1

ますみさんは今円強しています。
てけしさんは英語の本を読んでいます。

Question 2

～ている：Activities that last for some time

A verbal て-form followed by いる can mean either of the following:
An action is in progress, or a past event that is connected with the present. Whichever it is, is mostly determined by the characteristics of the verb.

Activities that last for some time：
Translate：
I teach English
Mary studies Japanese every day.

Answer 2

私は英語を教えています。
メアリーさんは毎日日本語を勉強しています。

Question 3

～ている

A verbal て-form followed by いる can mean either of the following:
An action is in progress, or a past event that is connected with the present. Whichever it is, is mostly determined by the characteristics of the verb.

Change from one state to another.
Translate:
Masumi is married.
Michiko is seated near the window.

Answer 3

ますみさんはけっこんしています。
みちこさんは窓の近くに座っています。

Question 4

～ている with 行く and 来る

Verbs like 行く and 来る belong to the group that indicates a state of change has occurred when used with ～ている

Translate the following to English:
私は中国に行っていまっす
私のともだちはうちに来ています。

Answer 4

I have gone to China. (Not: I am going to China)
My friend has come over to visit. (Not: My friend is coming over)

Question 5

Describe physical attribute using: ながい

Use ながい to translate the following:

Tom’s has long hair.

Answer 5

トムさんはかみがながいです。
This is the natural way to describe a physical attribute as opposed to using のto describe the person’s body part. The above means that Tom has long hair, but can also be read as “As for Tom, he has long hair.)

Question 6

て-Form for Joining Sentences

い adjectives, な adjectives, and です after nouns all have て-forms. Convert the following to て-form.

かわいい
きれい
日本人です

Answer 6

い adjective て-form is formed by substituting くて for the final い. な-adjectives and noun+です て-form is formed by adding で to the base or noun.

かわいくて
きれいで
日本人で

Question 7

Verb stem + に行く

You can use a stem form of the verb to describe the purpose of movement.
Destination of momvent + に Purpose of movement に (行く, 来る, 帰る)

Translate the following with the above in mind.
I went home to eat dinner.
Masumi has come to America to study English.
Takeshi went to the onsen to take a bath.

Answer 7

Note: Stem form is found by taking the part that comes before ます。See stems in bold.

家に晩御飯を食べに行きました。
ますみさんはアメリカに英語を勉強しに来ました。
たけしさんは温泉にお風呂に入りに行きました。

Question 8

Counting People

Translate the following:
One person
Two people
Five people
There are five students in my class.

Answer 8

ひとり(一人)
ふたり(二人)
五人(ごにん)
私の授業には学生が五人います。