Grammar Review - Genki 1 Lesson 3

Question 1

Verb Conjugation: る - Masu Form - Present Tense

Conjugate:
たべる
食べる
Will and Will Not

Answer 1

たべます
たべません

Question 2

Verb Conjugation: う - Masu Form - Present Tense

Conjugate:
いく
行く
Will and Will Not

Answer 2

行きます
行きません

う tends to い with conjugation

Question 3

Translate the following action verb to practice conjugation

私はテレビを見ます。

Can be translated two different ways.

Answer 3

1. I often watch TV.
2. I will watch TV.

Question 4

Particle Practice: How is each particle used?

を
で
に
へ

Describe how each particle is used

Answer 4

を: Indicates “direct object” that something happens to.
Example: すしをたべます
Sushi will be eaten

で: Describes where an event takes place.
Example: うちでテレビをみます。
Will watch TV at home

に: Has many uses, but the two primary to this lesson are as follows:
1. The goal toward which things move (movement verb)
Example: がっこうにいきます
Will go to school
2. The time in which an event takes place
Example: ７時にがっこうにいきます
Will go to school at 7 o’clock

へ: Only indicates movement and can be swapped with に
Example: がっこうへいきます
Will go to school

Question 5

Particle に: Time Reference

When do you need to use the particle に when referencing time?

Answer 5

1. に is required with direct time references like days of the week, month, and numerical time expressions like “10:45.”
   Examples:
   日曜日にいきます。
   七時に起きます。
2. You do not need に with realtive time expressions like “today,” or “tomorrow.” Addtionally, it is not needed when describing regular intervals like “every day,” or “every week.” Finally, it is not needed when using the word for “when.”
   Examples:
   明日テストがあります。
   毎晩テレビを見ます。
   いつ行きますか。
3. You do not need to use に with parts of the day like “in the morning,” or “at night.” Additionally, it is not needed for the word for “weekend.” However, it can be used depending on personal preference.
   Examples:
   朝(に)コーヒーを飲みます。
   週末(に)何をしますか。

Question 6

Extend invitation using ～ませんか

Translate into Japanese:
Will you have dinner with me?

Answer 6

晩御飯を食べませんか。

ばんごはんをたべませんか

Question 7

Word Order

Explain the standard word order for Japanese:

Answer 7

Japanese structure is fairly flexible, but an example of the standard order would be as follows:

Topic Companion Time Place Object Verb
or
Topic Frequency Time Goal Verb
Examples:
私は友達と七時に学校に行きます。
I will go to school with my friends at 7 o’clock.

私はよくコンビニで水を買います。
I often buy water at convenience stores.

Question 8

Translate Frequency Adverbs

Not much
Not at all
Usually
A little
Sometimes
Often; Much

Answer 8

あまり＋Negative
ぜんぜん＋Negative
たいてい
ちょっと
よく

Question 9

Topic Particle は

は is used to present a topic which can also be the subject. However, は doesn’t necessarily denote the subject of a sentence. Translate the following English setences using は where the topic is not the subject.

Masumi, what do you usually do on the weekend?

I’m going to Kyoto today.

Answer 9

ますみさん、週末はたいてい何をしますか。
In this sentence は is used to denote the topic of the weekend. However, the subject of this sentence is Masumi.

今日は京都にいきます。
は indicates that the topic of the sentence is “Today.” However, while there is no subject specified, it is inferred that the subject of the sentence is the person speaking.