Grammar Review - Genki 1 Lesson 4 Flashcards

1
Q

X があります

Use があります to describe that there is something

ある is only used to describe non-living things.

A

あそこに車があります。
There is a car over there.

ある requires particle に as opposed to で for place.

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2
Q

Xがいます

Use がいます to describe that there is someone

いる is used to describe all animate living beings. Not just people.

A

家にかわいい犬がいます。
I have a cute dog at home.

いる requires particle に as opposed to で for place.

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3
Q

Describe where things are

The word どこ is used to ask for where something is. Translate the following question and response

こうえんはどこですか
こうえんはそこです

A

Where is the park?
The park is right there near you.

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4
Q

Location words

Translate the following location/direction words:
Right
Left
Front
Behind
Inside
On/Above
Under/Beneath
Near
Next To

A

みぎ;右
ひだり;左
まえ;前
うしろ;後ろ
なか;中
うえ;上
した;下
ちかく;近く
となり;隣

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5
Q

Past tense of です

Translate the following:
Past affirmative: Masumi was a student at Tokyo University
Past negative: Masumi was not a student at Kyoto University

A

ますみさんは東京の学生でした
ますみさんは京都の学生じゃなかったです

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6
Q

Past tense of Verbs - Masu Form

Conjugate the following verb in past tense both affirmative and negative using the masu form.

する

A

Past Affirmative:しました
Past Negative: しませんでした

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7
Q

Using も when two or more people perform the same activity

Translate the following:
I went to work yesterday.
Masumi went to work yesterday, too.

A

私は昨日仕事に行きました。
ますみさんも昨日仕事に行きました。

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8
Q

Using も when one person does two different things

Translate the following:
Masumi bought shoes.
Masumi bought a bag, too.

I went to Yokohama last weekend.
I went to Tokyo, too.

Robert went to a party on Saturday.
He went to a party on Sunday, too.

も also used for two places, or different times.

A

ますみさんはくつを買いました。
ますみさんはかばんも買いました。

私は先週末横浜に行きました。
私は先週末東京にも行きました。

ロバートさんは土曜日にパーティーに行きました。
日曜日にもパーティーに行きました。

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9
Q

Time Duration: Using 時間 (じかん)

Translate the following:
Masumi waited for Tony there for an hour.
Tony studied Japanese for about two hours yesterday.
I slept for about six and a half hours last night.

A

ますみさんはそこでトーニさんを一時間まちました。
トーニさんは昨日日本語を二時間ぐらい勉強しました。
昨日六時間反半寝ました。

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10
Q

Quantity Words: たくさん

Quantity words can be placed before the direct object, or after the particle を.

Translate the following and place the quantity word before and after を.

I took many pictures in Tokyo.
I ate a lot of vegetables.

A

私は東京で写真をたさん撮りました。
私は東京でたくさん写真を撮りました。

野菜をたくさん食べました。
たくさん野菜を食べました。

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11
Q

Particle と: Two Uses

Use one: Connect two nouns
Use two: Together with

Translate the following:
I speak Japanese and English
Masumi will go to America with Tony.

A

日本語と英語を話します。
ますみさんはトーニとアメリカに行きます。

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