Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Korean Grammar > Grammar Notes > Flashcards

Grammar Notes Flashcards

1
Q

What’s the difference between 아/어서 and -고?

e.g. 1. 친구를 만나서 학교에 갔어요
vs. 2. 친구를 만나고 학교에 갔어요

A

아/어서 implies that the first clause strongly influences the first clause.

-고, that two things happen, without a strong link

  1. 친구를 만나서 학교에 갔어요 (I met my friend and we went to school together)
  2. 친구를 만나고 학교에 갔어요 (I met my friend and then went to school)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

-아/어 버리다

  1. How is it used? (3)
  2. How is it conjugated?
A
  1. -아/어 버리다 is used to indicate that nothing is left, a burden is relieved, or there is a sense of regret and sorrow once an action is completed.
  2. 아/어 form of verb, usually with 버렸어요.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

-고 말다

  1. How is it used?
  2. How is it conjugated?
  3. Is it used with action verbs or adjectives?
A
  1. -고 말다 is used to indicate that an unplanned action happened in an undesirable way. Expresses regret.
  2. -고 말다 is attached to the end of a verb
  3. Is it only used with action verbs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

-곤 하다

  1. How is it used?
  2. How it is conjugated?
  3. Is it used with action verbs or adjectives?
A
  1. -곤 하다 means that an action repeatedly happens
  2. -곤 하다 is added to the stem of the verb. 하다 is conjugated based on whether the action repeated in the past or is repeating now.
  3. It is only used with action verbs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

-다면서요

  1. How is it used?
A
  1. This is used to confirm to the listener of what the speaker heard from another person.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

-(으)ㄴ/는 편이다

  1. How is it used?
  2. How is it conjugated?
A

-(으)ㄴ/는 편이다 is used to indicate that someone is inclined to do something or behave in a particular way

  1. The verb is conjugated using the (으)ㄴ/는 noun modifier, then 편이다 is added
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

(으)ㄴ/는걸요

  1. What is it used for? (3)
  2. How is it conjugated?
A

1) To express your opinion lightly, to disagree lightly, to show your surprise

Verbs: you use -는걸(요), Adjectives: you use -(으)ㄴ걸(요)
Nouns: you use -인걸(요)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

(으)ㄴ 나/ 가 보다

  1. How is it used?
  2. Is 보다 a verb or adjective in this grammar?
  3. Can it be used to talk about your own experience or subjective opinion?
A
  1. Making a guess after witnessing a certain situation
  2. It functions as an adjective.
  3. No. 나/가 보다 cannot be used to talk about your subjective opinion or own experience
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

(으)ㄴ 나/ 가 보다

  1. How are adjectives conjugated?
  2. How are verbs conjugated?
  3. How is 이다 conjugated?
  4. How are 있다/없다 verbs conjugated?
  5. How are verbs and adjectives conjugated into the past tense?
A
  1. Adjectives:
    - (으)ㄴ based on final consonant, + 가 보다
  2. Action Verbs:
    -나 보다 added directly to VS
  3. 이다 -> 인가 보다
  4. 있나 봐요
  5. 았/었나 봐요
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How is (으)ㄴ나/ 가 보다 combined with past tense verbs?

A

Whether adjective, verb or noun: 았/었나 보다

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

-(으)ㄴ/는 모양이다

  1. How is it used?
  2. Can it be used to talk about your own experience?
  3. How is it conjugated?

(adjectives, present verbs, past verbs, future tense and 이다)

A
  1. It is used to make a guess or supposition about a situation after directly seeing or hearing about it.
  2. No! 모양이다 cannot be used to talk about your own experience
  3. Noun modifier plus 모양이다:
    - (으)ㄴ with adjectives
    - 는 with verbs in present tense
    - (으)ㄴ with verbs in past tense
    - (으)ㄹ with future tense
    - 이다 -> 인
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

(으)ㄴ/는 걸 보니까

How is used?

A

Often used before -(으)ㄴ/는 모양이다 to give a reason for a supposition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

(으)ㄹ 만하다

  1. How is it used? (2)
  2. Can it be used with verbs or adjectives?
  3. In more complex sentences, is 만하다 conjugated as a verb or as an adjective?
A
  1. Used to say that something is worth doing - usually used to recommend something

Also used to say that whilst something is not 100% good, it’s still worth doing

  1. It can be used with verbs or adjectives, but typically verbs
  2. 만하다 is conjugated as an adjective
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

-다면서요

  1. How is it used?
  2. How is it conjugated with verbs and adjectives?
  3. How is it conjugated with 이다?
A
  1. This is used to confirm to the listener of what the speaker heard from another person.
  2. You attach -면서요 after the plain form.
    e.g. 한다면서요
  3. 이다 - (이)라면서요
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

VS-다가

  1. What is it used for?
  2. It is used with verbs or adjectives?
  3. Can it be used when the two clauses have different subjects?
A
  1. -다가 is used to indicate the interruption of an action immediately followed by another action.
  2. It can be used with action verbs or adjectives.
  3. The subject of the first and second clause must be the same.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

-고 나서

  1. What is it used for?
  2. How it is conjugated?
  3. Can it be used with verbs or adjectives?
  4. Can it be when the clauses have different subjects?
  5. Can it be used with imperative or suggestive sentences?
A
  1. -고 나서 is used to indicate that the second clause occurs after the action it is attached to is completely finished.
  2. -고 나서 is attached to the stem of an action verb
  3. Only action verbs
  4. Yes, it is possible to use -고 나서 it in a sentence with two subjects.
  5. Yes, -고 나서 can be used with imperative or suggestive sentences
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q
  • 느라고
  1. How is -느러고 used (2)?
  2. How is it conjugated?
  3. Is it used with verbs or adjectives?
  4. Can it be used when the clauses have different subjects?
  5. Can it be used with imperative or suggestive sentences?
A
  1. -느라고 is used to indicate that the former action prevented the latter action from taking place or that a negative result was brought about (like a negative 아/어서)
  2. -느라고 is added to the verb stem
  3. -느라고 can be used with both verbs and adjectives
  4. No, -느라고 cannot be used in a sentence where the clauses have different subjects.
  5. No. -느라고 cannot be used with imperative or suggestive sentences.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

-(으)면서

  1. How is it used?
  2. How is it conjugated?
  3. Can it be used with imperative sentences?
A
  1. -(으)면서 is used to describe two actions happening simultaneously.
  2. VS ending in consonant: 먹다 -> 먹으면서

VS ending in vowels: 가다 -> 가면서

  1. Yes, (으)면서 can be used with imperative sentences
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

(ㄴ/는) 다면

  1. How is it used?
  2. How is it conjugated?
  3. Is it used with verbs or adjectives?
A
  1. It is used like (으)면 but is more hypothetical. Used to talking about a situation which has not yet happened and is unlikely to happen
  2. Verbs are conjugated into plain form then 면 is added
  3. (ㄴ/는) 다면 is used with both action verbs and adjectives
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

-는 길에

  1. How is it used?
  2. How is it conjugated?
  3. Is it used with action verbs or adjectives?
A
  1. It means while, but more specifically ‘on the way’
  2. Add 는 길에 to the verb stem
  3. It is generally only used with verbs of physical movement e.g. 가다, 오다
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

-(으)ㄴ/는 데다가

  1. How is it used?
  2. How is it conjugated?
  3. Can it be used with two different subjects
A
  1. Used instead of -고 to emphasise that the two factors compound eachother - like ‘furthermore’ or ‘and even’
  2. Conjugated using noun modifier principles
  3. Verb: - 는 데다가 in present tense
    Adjective: - (으)ㄴ 데다가 in present tense
    Noun: 인데다가 in present tense.
  4. No. When using -데다가 the subjects must be the same
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

-기도 하고 -기도 하다

  1. How is it used? (2)
A
  1. Used with two actions or states to show that they occur simultaneously (both X and Y) or alternately (sometimes X and Y), depending on context.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

-(으)ㄴ/는 반면에

  1. How is it used?
  2. How is it conjugated?
  3. Is it used with action verbs or descriptive verbs?
  4. What 2 similar connecting grammars can it be used interchangeably with?
A
  1. Used to state both the positive and negative characteristics of something in the same sentence.
  2. It is conjugated using noun modifier rules plus 반면(에)
  3. It is usd with both action and desciptive verbs
  4. It can be used interchangeably used for -는 데 반해 or -지만.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

-아/어 다가

  1. How is it used?
A
  1. This is used to indicate that an action is performed in a specified place and its result is used to carry out the action of the following statement in another place.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

았/었다가

  1. How is it used? (2)
  2. Can it be used with two differetnt subjects?
A
  1. After an action is completed, the opposite action occurs. OR indicate that something unexpected occured whilst doing the action
  2. 아/어다가 cannot be used with two different subjects
26
Q
A
27
Q

-(으)ㄹ지도 모르다

  1. How is it used?
A
  1. It expresses speaker’s view that something might happen or is likely to happen.
28
Q

What’s the difference between (으)ㄹ 지 몰라요 (from week 1) and (으)ㄹ지도 몰라요?

A

Adding -도 just emphasises the meaning

29
Q

았/었던

  1. How is it used?
  2. How is it conjugated?
  3. How do you change it if you want to indicate that the action happened regularly?
A

았/었던 is used when recalling a past event or state of affairs that has not continued to the present

  1. The verb is conjugated with 았/었던 and used before nouns
  2. Just add 던 to the verb stem
30
Q

.-거든요

  1. How is it used?
  2. How is it conjugated
  3. Is it used with verbs or adjectives?
  4. Can it be used in writing or formal speech?
A
  1. Used to provide the speaker’s reason or thinking that the listener didn’t know before the start of the conversation
  2. VS + 거든요
  3. It is used with both verbs and adjectives.
  4. No, it is only used in casual speaking between friends.
31
Q

How it -거든요 conjugated into the future tense?

A

A/V-(으)ㄹ 거거든요

e.g., 먹을 거거든요, 예쁠 거거든요

32
Q

What’s the difference between these two sentences?:

A: 지민 씨가 간 곳은 미국이에요.

B: 지민 씨가 갔던 곳은 미국이에요.

C: 지민 씨가 가던 곳은 미국이에요.

A

A: Jimin went to the U.S, but he may still be there

B: Jimin went to the U.S in the past, and he is not still there.

B: Jimin went to the U.S frequently in the past, and he is not still there.

(았/었 indicates completion, and 던 indicates recollection)

33
Q

-더러

  1. How is it used?
  2. What particle can it be used interchangeably with?
A
  1. Used like 에게 or 한테 but only when talking about speech
  2. 더러 can be used interchangeably with 보고
34
Q

-끼리

  1. How is it used?
A

Attached to a human or animal noun, this expression indicates exclusiveness in a group activity or gathering.　

35
Q

-았/었더라면

  1. How is it used?
  2. How is it different from -았/었다면?
  3. How is the second clause usually conjugated? (2)
A

Used to hypothesise a past situation opposite to what happened.

  1. -았/었다면 can be used with present/future tense in second clause, 았/었더라면 can’t.

았/었더라면 talks about something specifically opposite to what happened.

  1. The second clause is usually conjugated as 았/었을 거예요 or 았/었을 텐데요
36
Q

-아/어도

How is it used?

A

Expresses that the situation in the 2nd clause occurs regardless of what described in the 1st clause. (Even if… No matter how…)

37
Q

-대신(에)

  1. How is it used? (3)
  2. How is it conjugated?
  3. How is it conjugated into the past tense?
A
  1. Used to indicate an action can be replaced by another ‘instead of’

An action can be compensated by another ‘in return for’

Can also mean ‘on the other hand’

  1. Noun modifier principle
    (verb = 는, adjective = (으)ㄴ)
  2. It isn’t conjugated when referring to the past tense - it’s left the same
38
Q

-에 따라서

  1. How is it used?
  2. How can it be contracted?
  3. What can it be used after? (2)
A
  1. -에 따라서 is used when the result in the second statement is brought on by the situation of the first statement. Means ‘depending on’.
  2. is can be contracted to 에 따라
  3. Nouns or noun clauses
39
Q

N(으)로 유명하다

  1. How is it used?
  2. How is it formed if attched to verbs?
A
  1. It is used to mean ‘to be famous/known for’
  2. VS-기로 유명하다
40
Q

-아/어 놓다

  1. How is it used?
  2. How is 놓아요 often shortened?
A
  1. This is used to indicate that the action is done in preperation, and the resulting state is maintained.
  2. 놓아요 is often shorted to 놔요 (놓았어요 -> 놨어요)
41
Q

What’s the difference between 아/어 놓다 and 아/어 두다?

A

They can be used interchangeably, but 아/어 두다 is typically used for things done further in advance (for example, saving money)

42
Q
  • 고서
A

not finished yet

43
Q

AV-지 않으면 안 되다

  1. How is it used?

2a. Which grammar point is it similar to?

2b. What is the difference?

A
  1. AV-지 않으면 안 되다 expresses having no other option but to do something in order to achieve one’s needs or desires.

2a. It is a stronger version of 아/어야 하다/ 되다.

2b. 아/어야 되다 indicates a general sense of neccessity, but 지 않으면 안 되다 indicates that there is no alternative.

44
Q

AV-아/어야 (connecting clause)

  1. How is it used?
  2. Is there usually a positive or negative outcome after 아/어야?
  3. What can be added to 아/어야 to stress the meaning?
A
  1. It is used to show that the preceding phrase is a necessary condition to accomplish the succeeding phrase. (only if)
  2. There is normally a positive outcome in the clause after 아/어야
  3. To stress the meaning, either 지 or 만 can be added. 아/어야지 is generally used in casual conversation while –아/어야만 is generally used in speeches and reports.
45
Q
  1. Can 아/어야 be used with imperative or suggestive sentences?
  2. Can 아/어야 be used with the future tense
A

아/어야 cannot be used with imperative or suggestive sentences, or the future tense

46
Q

V-아/어지(요)

1.How is it used? (2)

  1. How is the past tense –았/었어야지(요) used?
A
  1. to convey speaker’s determination or to convey a sense of scolding the other person
  2. –았/었어야지(요) conveys a sense of scolding the other person for not doing something that should have already been done
47
Q

-(으)ㄴ 채로

  1. How is it used?
  2. Can it be used with verbs of movement like 가다 and 오다?
A
  2. NO. (으)ㄴ 채로 cannot be used with 가다 or 오다 because the action has to be completeted and maintained
48
Q

(으)ㄹ 수록

  1. How is it used?
  2. How can you emphasise the meaning?
  3. How is it used with nouns?
A
  1. the more… the more
  2. -(으)면 –(으)ㄹ수록 with the same verb twice emphasises the meaning
  3. In case of nouns + (이), it can only be used to indicate a degree: 비싼 옷일수록.
49
Q

V-기 에 달려 있어요

  1. How is it used?
  2. How is conjugated with nouns?
  3. How is it used with interrogative words? (어디, 얼마나)
A
  1. V-기 에 달려 있어요 is used to indicate that a certain event or state ‘relies upon something’ or ‘is dependent on something’.
  2. N-에 달려 있다
  3. Interrogative word + Verb stem + 느냐에 달려 있다
50
Q

N(으)로 (인하여/인해서)

  1. How it used?
  2. What type of situation is it used in?
A
  1. It is attached to a noun, indicating a result caused by the noun (like 때문에)
  2. It is used in formal settings such as official documents and the news
51
Q

V-았/었더니

  1. How is it used? (2)
  2. Who is usually the subject of the preceeding phrase?
  3. What if the subject is different?
A
  1. 았/었더니 is used when:
    a) recognising/realising something after doing a certain action.
    b)
  2. The subject of the preceeding phrase is usually the speaker themselves.
  3. When the subject of the front clause is third person, what the speaker talks about is the response or result to the third person’s action.
52
Q

V-(으)ㄹ 정도로

  1. How is it used?
A
  1. -(으)ㄹ 정도로 is attached to a verb stem when describing a certain degree with a specific example (…to the extent that…)
53
Q

VS-든지

  1. How is it used?
  2. How is it used in a sentence with two verbs?
  3. What part can be omitted?
  4. What form can it also occur in?
A
  1. It is used in a situation in which either option/choice either is fine.
  2. -든지 –든지 하다.
  3. 지 can be ommitted
  4. It also occurs with the form –든가.
54
Q

-(으)ㄴ/는데도

  1. How is it used?
  2. What is often used after it (more formal)?
  3. Can the future tense be used in the succeeding phrase?
A
  1. used to introduce a clause that indicates an opposite or an unexpected situation when compared to the preceding clause.
    ‘Even though I…. this happened…’
  2. –(으)ㄴ/는데도is often used with 불구하고 on the end.
  3. No. The future tense cannot be used in the succeeding phrase.
55
Q

How is -(으)ㄴ/는데도 conjugated with:

a. verbs
b. adjectives
c. nouns
d. past tense

A

-(으)ㄴ/는데도

a. verbs = 는데도
먹는데도, 가는데도

b. adjectives = (으)ㄴ데도
비싼데도, 적은데도

c. nouns = N인데도

d. past = 았/었는데도
갔는데도, 적었는데도

56
Q

-다고 하던데…

  1. How is it used? (2)
  2. What part of this expression can be ommitted
A
  1. Used to:
    a. confirm what the speaker has heard from another person
    b. suggest an action to the other person based on what they heard.
  2. The –고 하 of this expression can be omitted.
57
Q

VS-기 위해(서)

  1. How is it used?
  2. Can it be used with adjectives?
  3. What’s the difference between -려고 and -기 위해서
A
  1. 기 위해서 is attached to a verb to indicate that the second action is done to achieve the first action
  2. -기 위해서 cannot be added directly to adjectives unless –아/어지다 has been added to an adjective, making a verb
  3. -려고 cannot be used with –아/어야 해요, imperative or suggestive sentences but 기 위해서 can.
58
Q

N(이)라든가… 같은

  1. How is it used?
A
  1. It is usd to list examples
59
Q

Verb 척하다

  1. How is it used?
  2. How is it conjugated with adjectives?
  3. How is it conjugated with verbs?
  4. What can it be used interchangeably with?
A
  1. This is used to express the fabrication of an attitude or the pretending of an action, when in fact that attitude/action differs from reality.
  2. A(으)ㄴ 척하다
  3. V는 척하다
  4. -(으)ㄴ/는 척하다 can be used interchangeably with -(으)ㄴ/는 체하다.
60
Q

AV-더라도

  1. How is it used?
  2. How does the feeling differ from 아/어도? (2)
  3. Can past tense be used for the second clause?
A
  1. This is used to indicate that the first statement is followed by a conflicting one, while the situation described in the first statement can be assumed or admitted
  2. -더리도 has a stronger assumption and tone.
    It is a more hypothetical version of 아/어도 so cannot be used in situations that have actually/ are actually happening
  3. Past tense cannot be used for the second clause because it is hypothetical. It can only be used to refer to the past using the ‘Even if… it would have’ hypothetical structure.
61
Q

V-기(가) 무섭게

  1. How is it used?
  2. How does it differ from -자마자?
  3. Can it be used in imperative and request sentences?
A
  1. Used to emphasise the fact that something occurs immediately after something else ends.
  2. It exaggerates an even faster transition than -자마자 so it is often used for anecdotal situations.
  3. No, -자마자 can be used in imperative and request sentences but 기가 무섭게 cannot
62
Q
A

Korean Grammar (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions