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Korean Grammar > Grammar Notes > Flashcards

Grammar Notes Flashcards

1
Q

-아/어 버리다

  1. How is it used? (3)
  2. How is it conjugated?
A
  1. -아/어 버리다 is used to indicate that nothing is left, a burden is relieved, or there is a sense of regret and sorrow once an action is completed.
  2. 아/어 form of verb, usually with 버렸어요.
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2
Q

-고 말다

  1. How is it used?
  2. How is it conjugated?
  3. Is it used with action verbs or adjectives?
A
  1. -고 말다 is used to indicate that an unplanned action happened in an undesirable way. Expresses regret.
  2. -고 말다 is attached to the end of a verb
  3. Is it only used with action verbs
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3
Q

-곤 하다

  1. How is it used?
  2. How it is conjugated?
  3. Is it used with action verbs or adjectives?
A
  1. -곤 하다 means that an action repeatedly happens
  2. -곤 하다 is added to the stem of the verb. 하다 is conjugated based on whether the action repeated in the past or is repeating now.
  3. It is only used with action verbs
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4
Q

-다면서요

  1. How is it used?
A
  1. This is used to confirm to the listener of what the speaker heard from another person.
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5
Q

-(으)ㄴ/는 편이다

  1. How is it used?
  2. How is it conjugated?
A

-(으)ㄴ/는 편이다 is used to indicate that someone is inclined to do something or behave in a particular way

  1. The verb is conjugated using the (으)ㄴ/는 noun modifier, then 편이다 is added
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6
Q

(으)ㄴ/는걸요

  1. What is it used for? (3)
  2. How is it conjugated?
A

1) To express your opinion lightly, to disagree lightly, to show your surprise

Verbs: you use -는걸(요), Adjectives: you use -(으)ㄴ걸(요)
Nouns: you use -인걸(요)

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7
Q

(으)ㄴ 나/ 가 보다

  1. How is it used?
  2. Is 보다 a verb or adjective in this grammar?
  3. Can it be used to talk about your own experience or subjective opinion?
A
  1. Making a guess after witnessing a certain situation
  2. It functions as an adjective.
  3. No. 나/가 보다 cannot be used to talk about your subjective opinion or own experience
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8
Q

(으)ㄴ 나/ 가 보다

  1. How are adjectives conjugated?
  2. How are verbs conjugated?
  3. How is 이다 conjugated?
  4. How are 있다/없다 verbs conjugated?
  5. How are verbs and adjectives conjugated into the past tense?
A
  1. Adjectives:
    - (으)ㄴ based on final consonant, + 가 보다
  2. Action Verbs:
    -나 보다 added directly to VS
  3. 이다 -> 인가 보다
  4. 있나 봐요
  5. 았/었나 봐요
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9
Q

How is (으)ㄴ나/ 가 보다 combined with past tense verbs?

A

Whether adjective, verb or noun: 았/었나 보다

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10
Q

-(으)ㄴ/는 모양이다

  1. How is it used?
  2. Can it be used to talk about your own experience?
  3. How is it conjugated?

(adjectives, present verbs, past verbs, future tense and 이다)

A
  1. It is used to make a guess or supposition about a situation after directly seeing or hearing about it.
  2. No! 모양이다 cannot be used to talk about your own experience
  3. Noun modifier plus 모양이다:
    - (으)ㄴ with adjectives
    - 는 with verbs in present tense
    - (으)ㄴ with verbs in past tense
    - (으)ㄹ with future tense
    - 이다 -> 인
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11
Q

(으)ㄴ/는 걸 보니까

How is used?

A

Often used before -(으)ㄴ/는 모양이다 to give a reason for a supposition

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12
Q

(으)ㄹ 만하다

  1. How is it used? (2)
  2. Can it be used with verbs or adjectives?
  3. In more complex sentences, is 만하다 conjugated as a verb or as an adjective?
A
  1. Used to say that something is worth doing - usually used to recommend something

Also used to say that whilst something is not 100% good, it’s still worth doing

  1. It can be used with verbs or adjectives, but typically verbs
  2. 만하다 is conjugated as an adjective
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13
Q

-다면서요

  1. How is it used?
  2. How is it conjugated with verbs and adjectives?
  3. How is it conjugated with 이다?
A
  1. This is used to confirm to the listener of what the speaker heard from another person.
  2. You attach -면서요 after the plain form.
    e.g. 한다면서요
  3. 이다 - (이)라면서요
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14
Q

VS-다가

  1. What is it used for?
  2. It is used with verbs or adjectives?
  3. Can it be used when the two clauses have different subjects?
A
  1. -다가 is used to indicate the interruption of an action immediately followed by another action.
  2. It can be used with action verbs or adjectives.
  3. The subject of the first and second clause must be the same.
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15
Q

-고 나서

  1. What is it used for?
  2. How it is conjugated?
  3. Can it be used with verbs or adjectives?
  4. Can it be when the clauses have different subjects?
  5. Can it be used with imperative or suggestive sentences?
A
  1. -고 나서 is used to indicate that the second clause occurs after the action it is attached to is completely finished.
  2. -고 나서 is attached to the stem of an action verb
  3. Only action verbs
  4. Yes, it is possible to use -고 나서 it in a sentence with two subjects.
  5. Yes, -고 나서 can be used with imperative or suggestive sentences
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16
Q
  • 느라고
  1. How is -느러고 used (2)?
  2. How is it conjugated?
  3. Is it used with verbs or adjectives?
  4. Can it be used when the clauses have different subjects?
  5. Can it be used with imperative or suggestive sentences?
A
  1. -느라고 is used to indicate that the former action prevented the latter action from taking place or that a negative result was brought about (like a negative 아/어서)
  2. -느라고 is added to the verb stem
  3. -느라고 can be used with both verbs and adjectives
  4. No, -느라고 cannot be used in a sentence where the clauses have different subjects.
  5. No. -느라고 cannot be used with imperative or suggestive sentences.
17
Q

-(으)면서

  1. How is it used?
  2. How is it conjugated?
  3. Can it be used with imperative sentences?
A
  1. -(으)면서 is used to describe two actions happening simultaneously.
  2. VS ending in consonant: 먹다 -> 먹으면서

VS ending in vowels: 가다 -> 가면서

  1. Yes, (으)면서 can be used with imperative sentences
18
Q

(ㄴ/는) 다면

  1. How is it used?
  2. How is it conjugated?
  3. Is it used with verbs or adjectives?
A
  1. It is used like (으)면 but is more hypothetical. Used to talking about a situation which has not yet happened and is unlikely to happen
  2. Verbs are conjugated into plain form then 면 is added
  3. (ㄴ/는) 다면 is used with both action verbs and adjectives
19
Q

-는 길에

  1. How is it used?
  2. How is it conjugated?
  3. Is it used with action verbs or adjectives?
A
  1. It means while, but more specifically ‘on the way’
  2. Add 는 길에 to the verb stem
  3. It is generally only used with verbs of physical movement e.g. 가다, 오다
20
Q

-(으)ㄴ/는 데다가

  1. How is it used?
  2. How is it conjugated?
  3. Can it be used with two different subjects
A
  1. Used instead of -고 to emphasise that the two factors compound eachother - like ‘furthermore’ or ‘and even’
  2. Conjugated using noun modifier principles
  3. Verb: - 는 데다가 in present tense
    Adjective: - (으)ㄴ 데다가 in present tense
    Noun: 인데다가 in present tense.
  4. No. When using -데다가 the subjects must be the same
21
Q

-기도 하고 -기도 하다

  1. How is it used? (2)
A
  1. Used with two actions or states to show that they occur simultaneously (both X and Y) or alternately (sometimes X and Y), depending on context.
22
Q

-(으)ㄴ/는 반면에

  1. How is it used?
  2. How is it conjugated?
  3. Is it used with action verbs or descriptive verbs?
  4. What 2 similar connecting grammars can it be used interchangeably with?
A
  1. Used to state both the positive and negative characteristics of something in the same sentence.
  2. It is conjugated using noun modifier rules plus 반면(에)
  3. It is usd with both action and desciptive verbs
  4. It can be used interchangeably used for -는 데 반해 or -지만.
23
Q

-아/어 다가

  1. How is it used?
A
  1. This is used to indicate that an action is performed in a specified place and its result is used to carry out the action of the following statement in another place.
24
Q

았/었다가

  1. How is it used? (2)
  2. Can it be used with two differetnt subjects?
A
  1. After an action is completed, the opposite action occurs. OR indicate that something unexpected occured whilst doing the action
  2. 아/어다가 cannot be used with two different subjects
25
Q
A
26
Q

-(으)ㄹ지도 모르다

  1. How is it used?
A
  1. It expresses speaker’s view that something might happen or is likely to happen.
27
Q

What’s the difference between (으)ㄹ 지 몰라요 (from week 1) and (으)ㄹ지도 몰라요?

A

Adding -도 just emphasises the meaning

28
Q

았/었던

  1. How is it used?
  2. How is it conjugated?
  3. How do you change it if you want to indicate that the action happened regularly?
A

았/었던 is used when recalling a past event or state of affairs that has not continued to the present

  1. The verb is conjugated with 았/었던 and used before nouns
  2. Just add 던 to the verb stem
29
Q

.-거든요

  1. How is it used?
  2. How is it conjugated
  3. Is it used with verbs or adjectives?
  4. Can it be used in writing or formal speech?
A
  1. Used to provide the speaker’s reason or thinking that the listener didn’t know before the start of the conversation
  2. VS + 거든요
  3. It is used with both verbs and adjectives.
  4. No, it is only used in casual speaking between friends.
30
Q

How it -거든요 conjugated into the future tense?

A

A/V-(으)ㄹ 거거든요

e.g., 먹을 거거든요, 예쁠 거거든요

31
Q

What’s the difference between these two sentences?:

A: 지민 씨가 간 곳은 미국이에요.

B: 지민 씨가 갔던 곳은 미국이에요.

C: 지민 씨가 가던 곳은 미국이에요.

A

A: Jimin went to the U.S, but he may still be there

B: Jimin went to the U.S in the past, and he is not still there.

B: Jimin went to the U.S frequently in the past, and he is not still there.

(았/었 indicates completion, and 던 indicates recollection)

32
Q

-더러

  1. How is it used?
  2. What particle can it be used interchangeably with?
A
  1. Used like 에게 or 한테 but only when talking about speech
  2. 더러 can be used interchangeably with 보고
33
Q

-끼리

  1. How is it used?
A

Attached to a human or animal noun, this expression indicates exclusiveness in a group activity or gathering.　

34
Q

-았/었더라면

  1. How is it used?
  2. How is it different from -았/었다면?
  3. How is the second clause usually conjugated? (2)
A

Used to hypothesise a past situation opposite to what happened.

  1. -았/었다면 can be used with present/future tense in second clause, 았/었더라면 can’t.

았/었더라면 talks about something specifically opposite to what happened.

  1. The second clause is usually conjugated as 았/었을 거예요 or 았/었을 텐데요
35
Q

-아/어도

How is it used?

A

Expresses that the situation in the 2nd clause occurs regardless of what described in the 1st clause. (Even if… No matter how…)

36
Q

-대신(에)

  1. How is it used? (3)
  2. How is it conjugated?
  3. How is it conjugated into the past tense?
A
  1. Used to indicate an action can be replaced by another ‘instead of’

An action can be compensated by another ‘in return for’

Can also mean ‘on the other hand’

  1. Noun modifier principle
    (verb = 는, adjective = (으)ㄴ)
  2. It isn’t conjugated when referring to the past tense - it’s left the same
37
Q

-에 따라서

  1. How is it used?
  2. How can it be contracted?
  3. What can it be used after? (2)
A
  1. -에 따라서 is used when the result in the second statement is brought on by the situation of the first statement. Means ‘depending on’.
  2. is can be contracted to 에 따라
  3. Nouns or noun clauses
38
Q

N(으)로 유명하다

  1. How is it used?
  2. How is it formed if attched to adjectives?
  3. How is it formed if attached to action verbs?
A
  1. It is used to mean ‘to be famous/known for’
  2. adjective VS-기로 유명하다
  3. If used with action verbs a noun clause should be formed

Korean Grammar (7 decks)

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