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Bacteriology > Gram Positive > Flashcards

Gram Positive Flashcards

1
Q

Nocardia

A 
Soil sarpophyte
Long , branched fillaments
Wrinkled colonies
Obligate aerobic
Carotenoid pigment
Facultative pathogen , local lesions

N. Asteroideus: cattle: chronic suppuration, mastitis

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2
Q

Dermatophilus

A 
Skin,soil
Coccoid-filaments
\+/- flahella
Obligate aerobic, CO2
Blood agar
Proteolytic
Wrinkled yellow colonies
Life cycle: flagellated coccus(zoosppra)-filaments-branching-growth-cracking-zoospora

D. Congolensis: Ru+Hu: exudative dermatitis

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3
Q

Renibactrium

A 
Water
Fish
Obligate IC pathogen
Rod, short chains
Aerobic
15-18 c°
Fastidious (cysteine , serum)

R. Salmoninaruim- septicaemia. Slamon,trout: abscess in kidneys

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4
Q

Rhodococcus

A 
Soil , foals gut
Coccus (begining of replication)-rod cycle
Polymorphic
Capsule
Obligate aerobe
Pink pigment
C+, O+ , OF-
CAMP test

R. Equi: foal- pneumonia , ulcerative enteritis , artritis
Su+bo: abscesses
Hu; pneumonia , abcesses (in immunosuppresion)

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5
Q

Actinomyces

A 
Mucous membrabe (esp. GI)
Branching filaments
Sulphur granules im pus (not in medium)
Facultative anaerobic
Blood agar
Facultative pathogen

Causes actinomycosis: abcesses in mouth , lung, GI(pus)

  1. A. Bovis; lumpy jaw
  2. A. Viscous: hu+ca
  3. A. Israeli: hu
  4. Hordeovulneris: dog
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6
Q

Trueperella

A 
Respiratory + uriniary + GI tract
Facultative anaerobic
Polymorphic
Blood + serum agar
Protein demand

T. Pyogenes: haemolysis, suppuration, mastitis (bovine summer mastitis), metritis, pneumonia

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7
Q

Actinobaculum

A

A. Suis: anaerobic

Pigs genitals: purulent cystitis, pyelonephritis

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8
Q

Mycobacterium (habitat, morphology, staining, culture) + facultative pathogenic sp.

A 
Infected host(obligate pathogen) ,soil, water (can be 
obligate, Facultative or saprophytes) 
Rod, cocciod , colorless in G
Mycolic acid, lipid, wax
Ziehl-Neelsen positive - red (acid fast: lipid takes dye)
Obligate aerobic
Egg , serum , glycerine potato
Selective: malachite green, animal trial
C-

*Su,bo: local lesions , (generalized tuberculosis)
“M. Fortuitum , M. Marinaruim: tubercle in fish, reptiles

  • Groups by speed of growth+pigment:
    i. Photochromogens(light for pigment prodc.): Kanasii , marinarum
    ii. scotochromagens (no light): m. Gordonae
    iii. Non chromagens: intracellularae
    iv. Rapid growers: phlei
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9
Q

Mycobacterium (Ag, resistance) + obligate pathogenic sp.

A 
*TUBERCULIN; purified protein derivate, tuberculosis diagnosis. (SC: + if swells)
Excellent resistance
Replicates in macrophages
AG in glycolipids
Immunoelectrophoresis

Obligate pathogens:

  1. M. Tuberculosis: all
  2. Africanum: hu
  3. M bovis; Ru,su,ca,hu - VACCINE BCG
  4. M. caprae: ru, su , hu
  5. M. Avium subsp. Paratuberculosis: ru paratuberculosis
  6. M. leprae- hu
  7. M. lepraemurium: hu , mouse leprosy

*Replicates in LN

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10
Q

Cornybacyerium

A 
Mucous , skim,soil
Polymorphism on the same smear: rodd,coccid, Chinese letters
Metachromatic granules stained strongly
Blood agar
C+, O-
Toxin

Local suppuration, arthritis , mastitis, metritis

1 .C. Diphtheriae: hu diftery (throat inflammation)
2. C pseudotuberculosis:
i. Nitrate negative biotype:
sheep, goat: pseudotuberculosis (lymphadenitis)
i. Nitrate positive: nitrate>nitrite
equine ulcerative lymphadenitis
3. Cattle UTI: Renale,pilosum,cystitidis

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11
Q

Listeria

A 
Soil, sewage, silage - can replicate in the environment!!
Thick rods
Flagella (room temp 21c°)
Can propagate in cold!! 4-45 c°
Facultative anerobic
PH 5.5-9.6
Not fastidious 
Cold enrichment: refrigerator (other bacteria cannot propagate)
C+, O-
Ag O,K
Haemolysis
  1. L.monocytogenes: All: encephalitis, abortion (silage),spectaemia
  2. L. Ivanovii: ru- abortion
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12
Q

Erysipelothrix

A 
Resides in Swine tonsils
GI , fish slime
Curved rod
Thin capsule
Resistant to high osmotic pressure
Wide temp+ PH
Blood agar (alpha hem)
S colonies: actute Infection
R colonies: chronic infection
Selective: neomycin
C-, O- , H2S +
Coagulase + , hyaluronidase+
1.E. rhusiopathiae: zoonotic (hu endocarditis) 
Su diamond skin disease, chronic arthritis
Sheep polyarthritis, endocarditis
Hu: erysipeloid (cellulitis)
2. E. Tonsilarium: not pathogenic for pigs, dog endocarditis
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13
Q

Enterococcus

A 
Intestine 
Tolerate bile acid
McConckey agar (red pin point colonies)
PH 9.6
Alpha-haemolysis
(Previously belonged to  streptococci D cell wall Ag)
Mainly saprophyte

E. Faecalis, E.faeciu, E.avium, E. Gallinerum: endocarditis+ abscess.

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14
Q

Lactococcus

A

Lancefield N

L. Lactis ssp. Lactis+ Cremoris: milk industry

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15
Q

Lactobacillus

A 
Mucous membrane , gut , vagina , food
Rod
Microaerophilic
Acidic PH
Active fermantation , ferments lactose
Saprophyte
1. L. Delbrucki ssp. Lactis+ bulgaricus
2. L. Acidophilus
3. Salivarius
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16
Q

Anaerobic Cocci

A
  1. Peptococcus: metritis , artritis , pneumonia
  2. Peptostreptococcus indolicus: bovine summer mastitis
  3. Ruminococcus
  4. Sarcina
17
Q

Streptococcus

A 
Commensals in skin
GI+Resp+genital tract, Food
Chain coccus
Capsule - antiphagocytic
Fastidious,: blood/serum agar , (CO2)
Facultative anaerobic 
Doesn't grow on McConkey
Edwards agar
C- , O-
Lancefiled grouping (cell wall polysaccharides A-W)
  1. S. Pyogenes: hu scarlet fever, rheumatic fever, hu erysipelas , pharynigitis , tonsilitis
  2. S agalactiae, dysagalactiae: mastitis
  3. S. Equi: ssp. Equi: strangles
  4. S. Suis: meningitis
18
Q

Staphylococcus (habitat, morphology, culture), coagulase positive sp.

A 
Commensals on skin
Mucous membranes, food
No capsule, no flagella
Facultative anaerobic
Not fastidious
*Bovine + hu strains - golden pigment
Selective: 10% NaCl-mannitol-phenol red
Pyruvate, egg yolk
Coagulase positive sp.:
1. S. Aureus ssp. Aureus (A-E): local suppuration, abcesses, post-surgical infections - arthritis, mastitis, meteritis, spectaemia
2. S. Aureus ssp. Anaerobius: MOREL-disesse of sheep (abcessess near LN)
3. S. Pseudiintermedius: Ca: Ca- endometritis, mastitis
19
Q

Staphylococcus (virulence,groupping)+ coagulase negative

A

C+, O-
Coagulase (fibrinogen>fibrin : macrophages can’t move)
Lipase, elastase, hyaluronidase, staohylokinase- EC enzymed for tissue invasion
Haemolysin: SM spasm - necrotising
Sphingomyelinase: damage cell membrane
Enterotixins, toxic shock syndrome

Coagulase negative sp. :

  1. S. Hyicus: exudative epidermitis - “greasy pig disease” (less than 3m old)
  2. Epidermidis, S. Haemolytica, S. Felis; dermatitis
20
Q

Micrococcus

A

Environment , mucous membranes, skin
Pigment (yellow/pink)
C+ , O+
Obligate aerobe

M. Luteus: saprophytic , not pathogenic

21
Q

Clostridium (habitat, morphology, culture) + gas gangrene

A 
Soil , water, gut
Rod
Flagell (ex. Prefr.)
SPORE terminal/sunterminal/central( C. Botulinum spore: 3-4h boiling)
Anaerobic , different oxytolerance
Blood agar

Gas gangrene diseases

i. Malignent oedema (ru+su): C. Septicum, novyi,haemolyticum, histolyticum, sordellii
ii. Blackleg (bo+sheep): C. Chauvoei - haemolysis
iii. Human gas gangrene; perfringes A, Novyi A

22
Q

Clostridium ( resistance , phathogenicity, grouping) + sp.

A

C-, O- , prolytic
Good resistance: vegetitive , spore - dry=years
C. Botulinum: 3-4h boiling

Enteroxaemic diseases;

i. Necrotic enteritis in chicken: C. Perfringes A,C
ii. Lamb dysentery: C. Perfringes B
iii. Necrotic enteritis in pig: C. Perfringes C
vi: pulpy kidney disease of sheep: C. Perfringes D
v. Ulcerative enteritis in chicken: C. Colinum

Intoxications;
Tenanus , boutilism

  1. C. Perfringes: optimal temp 40-45
  2. C. Tetani: strict anaerobe , neuritoxin (inhibits AchE) - rigid paralysis (Hu+eq>Ru+su>Ca>poultry)
  3. C. Botulinum: inhibits Ach release- flaccid paralysis
23
Q

Bacillus+ panbacillus

A 
*Bacillus:
Environment
 large rods
 Central spore 
obligate/facultative aerobic
C+, O+
Flagella
Mostly saprophytes
i. B. Cereus: hu food posining
ii. B. Lichenifirmis: Ru: sporadic abortion
iii. Thuringiensis: insect pathogen, pest control

Panbacillus larvae: notifiable disease , American foulbrood of honey bees , larvae digest the spores, death, million spores , beehives must be burned.

24
Q

Bacillus anthracis

A

Animals (vegetative) , environment (spore)
Rod, Obligate aerobe
Central spore
Capsule - poly-D glutamic acid (antiphagocytic)
No flagella
R-S colonies (CO2 dependant)
Spore needs 15c°, water, oxygen = DON’T open carcass
37c° - 16h , 18c° up to 3 days , spore- 50y in soil! 5-10 min boiling.
C+, o-
Ascoli test (cereus, detects anthrax)
Oedema , lethal, protective factors

Ru: fatal preacture speticaemic anthrax
Su: subacute anthrax with edematous pharyngeal swell
Eq: subacute anthrax with localized edema+spectaemia
Ca

Bacteriology (8 decks)

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