Grains Flashcards
What are the three parts of the grain
Endosperm
Germ
Outer bran layer
What does the endosperm mostly contain
Starch
What 2 nutrients is the germ rich in
Vitamin E
Unsaturated fat
What 2 things does the bran contain
Fiber
B vitamins
What 5 vitamins and minerals is milked wheat flour enriched with
Thiamin
Riboflavin
Niacin
Iron
Folate
What are whole grand of wheat called
Wheat berries
What grain keeps its bran and germ after being hulled and is used in production of many alcoholic beverages
Barley
Hardy grain that due to its unusual carbs and proteins produces a distinctive type of bread
Rye
Also called kasha and is native to Central Asia. Fast growing and tolerates poor growing conditions. Contains 80% starch 14% protein and twice the oil of most cereals
Buckwheat
An ancient preparation of wheat made by cooking whole grains in water drying them so the interior becomes hard then moistening them to toughen the bran layer. Finally it is pounded or milled to leave endosperm in course chunks
Bulgur
Third largest food crop in the world after wheat and rice
Corn
Simple form of pasta made by sprinkling salted water into a bowl of whole wheat flour, then stirring with the fingers into little bits of dough. Contains no gluten
Couscous
Native to Africa and Asia. Very small round seeds. High in protein and grow in poor soil. Can be popped and used in porridge, breads, and beer
Millet
Contain no gluten and can’t be made into bread. Bland grain that is cooked hot. Regular consumption lowers blood cholesterol
Oats
Domesticated near Andes mountains around 5,000 BC. Can be cooked like rice or added to soups and other dishes. Can be ground into a flour to make flat bread
Quinoa
Originates from central and South America . Used to supplement grains in baked goods, breakfast cereals, and snacks. High in protein and oils
Amaranth
Ancient relative to durum wheat. Has large grain size and high in protein. Gluten is better suited to pasta than raised breads
Kamut
Grown on Germany since 4000 BC. High in protein and used to make bread and soups.
Spelt
Major crop in Ethiopia. Has tiny seeds that are a variety of colors. Usually made into flatbread called injera.
Teff
Modern cross between wheat and rye. Bread making qualities are not as good as wheat. Mostly used as animal feed
Triticale
Three things intact with brown rice
Bran, germ, aleurone
3 characteristics of brown rice
Chewy texture
Nutty aroma
Takes 2 to 3 times longer to cook than white rice
How is white rice processed
Milled to remove bran and most germ layers.
Polished to remove the aleurone layer
Aleurone contains what 2 things
Enzymes
Oils
