Grade 4: Science

Question 1

what is an igneous rock

Answer 1

mineral that’s formed from melted mineral deep under Earth’s surface. They then move to Earth’s surface, they cool and crystallize

Example: Granite (does not contain calcite)

Example: igneous rock start out as melted rock in Earth’s mantle. Melted rocks (magma) comes to the surface in volcanoes. Pours out like lava, cools and hardens and forms basalt rocks.

Question 2

sedimentary rock

Answer 2

bits of rock and mineral that settle at bottom of oceans, and after a long time, the layers of sediment turn to rock

Example: Limestone (contain calcite)

Question 3

metamorphic rock

Answer 3

mineral that’s formed by heat and pressure

Example: Marble (which was Limestone after it was changed by heat & pressure)
Marble contain calcite.
Example: quartzite (which was sandstone after it was changed by heat & pressure)

Question 4

Calcite

Answer 4

mineral made from calcium carbonate.
calcite fizzes or bubbles when placed in weak acid (like vinegar).
Bubbles are carbon-dioxide gas.

Example: Limestone, Marble, Chalk

Question 5

importance of the vinegar test

Answer 5

vinegar (a weak acid) help determine if the rock contain calcite. if it fizzes or bubbles, that is evidence the rock contains calcite. the reaction creates carbon dioxide gas (also found in soda drinks)

Question 6

how do acid rain react to certain minerals

Answer 6

carbon dioxide gas in the air dissolve in water droplets (which makes acid). this makes acid rain. the acid causes the calcite in limestone and marble rocks to change and form holes.

Question 7

what does freezing and melting water do to rocks

Answer 7

water can get into cracks in rocks. when the water freezes, it expands and can break the rock along the crack. when the ice melts, the rock can fall into smaller pieces.