Grade 11 history Flashcards
When was the union of south africa formed
1910
Who had the power what the union of south africa was formed
The white people
Who had the right to vote in three of the 4 provinces
Only white males
What city had a non-racial franchise
Cape Town
Who had the right to vote in cape town
Whites and it allowed some coloured and african males to vote
In what areas was segregation seen
- Land ownership
- the army
- the towns
- administrative and legal systems
- political systems
Segregation in the workplace
Special laws reserved skilled positions in the mines for white workers. These laws also prevented blacks from training for skilled positions and denied black workers the right to strike or be members of trade unions. The ‘civilised labour’ policy gave white workers a protected place in the economy. They were given preference for jobs in the government. Thousands of black workers were diminished and replaced by whites
What did specials laws in the workplace do/prevent
They reserved skilled positions on the mines for white workers. They prevented blacks from training for skilled positions in industry.
They denied black workers the right to strike and to be part of a registered trade union.
What was the policy of ‘civilised labour’
It was a policy that secured a place in the economy for white people and gave white peoples preference for jobs in government departments. This meant that thousands of black workers were diminished and replaced by white workers
Segregation in land ownership
The land act said that Africans could only own 7% of the country. The places were set aside by whites and were called reserves. Many people were forced off of their land and moved to the overcrowded reserves.
How much space did the reserves take up
7%
When was the land act extended
In 1936
What were the two black independent states
Basutoland and Swaziland
Segregation in the army
Only white soldiers were allowed to fight in the army. Black soldiers were not allowed to bear arms but had to serve as unarmed auxiliaries.
Segregation in towns
Africans living in urban areas had to live in special ;’locations’ or townships. (Alex, Soweto, Diepsloot). The government set up a pass system to limit the movement of black people.
What was the nickname for the pass book
Dompas
What did the pass system do
It made people controllable. If black peoples were caught without their pass books, they were sent to prison. If there were no jobs, local councils had the power to force people to return to the reserves.
Segregated administrative and legal systems
The government set up separate tribal councils to administer the reserves. They believed that blacks should be ruled separately. Traditional chiefs were given limited powers and a separate legal system of ‘Native Law’ was applied.
Segregated political systems
Africans in the escape lost their voting rights which were supposed to be protected in the union constitution. The black peoples would be represented by an elected white representative. The government set up a Natives’ representative council (NRC) to represent Africans.
What does NRC stand for
Natives’ representative council
When did segregation start to break down
During the Second World War
What did the breakdown of segregation contribute to
It contributed to the National Party winning the elections in 1948
How did the world war help to break down segregation
Industries developed because of the war, so there was a shortage of labour. Black workers began to fill skilled positions in factories and mines. Many black workers started to move permanently to the cities.
What happed when large numbers of Africans began to move to cities
There was a shortage of housing so they started to build informal settlements especially in the Witwatersrand. People started building shacks on roofs of buildings.
What did the growth of black labour result in
Increasing demands which cause workers to strike
What was the biggest strike by the black workers
The Mineworkers’ Strike in 1946
How many workers went on strike during the 1946 Mineworkers’ Strike
75 000
What effects did the 1946 Mineworkers’ Strike have
It had negative effects on the economy. It scared the white minority
What concerned the white voters
The rise of african nationalism and the demands of the Congress Youth League
Why did the National Party put forward the policy of ‘apartheid’
They did not think the government had the right policies to protect the whites and they believed the government needed to change if the system if segregation was to be maintained. The policy of apartheid seemed to offer the solution
Why was the national party voted into power
Because it supported the policy of apartheid
Who did apartheid appeal to
A wide range of white voters on economic grounds. White workers feared competition from black workers, white employers wanted cheap labour and white farmers wanted black labour in rural area.
Why did many Afrikaners vote for the National Party
Because it offered them better opportunities in an economy dominated by English-speakers.
How long did the national party stay in power
For the next 46 years
What is apartheid
Complete separation of all ‘races’ in South Africa under white domination. Enforcing total separation of black and white in all spheres. Separate churches, schools and public areas. Each race had its own distinct indents and was to be kept pure and separate from all other reaches. No sexual contact. The identity of each race would be destroyed in an integrated society
Who supported apartheid
The dutch reform church
What belief did the dutch reform church spread
The belief that Afrikaner has a God-given mission to preserve the purity of the white race
What was apartheid influenced by
Pseudo-scientific racism
What changed when apartheid was legalised
It was much stricter and was applied more harshly
What were the racial divisions under apartheid
Black, white, coloured and Indian
What was the term ‘black’ later used to refer to
Anyone who was not white (especially after the emergence of the Black consciousness movement)
What did the population registration act do
It classifies all South Africans into race groups. Each person had to carry am identity card which stated his/her racial classification.
What were the race groups in the population registration act
White Coloured Indian African - Malay - Griqua - Zulu - Xhosa
What was set up to review cases where the race classification was unclear or challenged
A race classification board
How did the racial classification affect the people
It cause users to families and relationships
Prohibition of mixed marriages act
It made inter-racial marriages illegal. Specifically between white and other races.
The immorality act
It made sexual relations between white people and people of other races illegal
Group areas act
Set aside separate areas for each race group. Many people were forcibly removed from their homes. In many cases whole communities were torn apart and suberebs destroyed.
What are two well-known examples of suburbs that were torn apart
Sofiatown and District Six in Cape Town
Who lived in Sofiatown and District Six
Black people. They were forced to leave when these areas became white group areas
Why did people like living in Sofiatown and District Six
Because they were close to the business centre of cape town and Johannesburg. They were vibrant musical, cultural and intellectual centres.
What were some problems in Sofiatown and District Six
Gangsterism and poverty
How did the government under apartheid define all black South Africans
As members of various tribes, each with its own language and traditions
What were the homeland and were they based off of
They were separate areas set aside for each tribal group. They were based off of the reserves set aside in the land act.
Why were the homelands set up
It was an attempt by the government to maintain white control by creating divisions among black majority (divide and rule)
How many people were forced to move to the homelands and why
Three and a half million people were forced to move to the homelands. Majority were people who could not find work
What were the homelands like
They were overcrowded, desperately poor and could not support the number of people who were forced to live there
