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GP > GP Week 2 > Flashcards

GP Week 2 Flashcards

Exam Prep

1
Q

HAS-BLED: A tool for identifying risk factors for bleeding in patients with AF.

A
  1. H - Hypertension - Systolic > 160 mmHg.
  2. A - abnormal liver or renal function.
  3. S - stroke history
  4. B - bleeding history or predisposition to bleeding
  5. L - labile INRs
  6. E - elderly > 65 years
  7. D - drugs, antiplatelets, NSAIDs, or alcohol > 8 units per week
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2
Q

CHA2DS2-VASc: A tool to further risk stratify low-risk people with non-valvular AF.

A
  1. C - congestive heart failure/ LVF = 1
  2. H - hypertension = 1
  3. A - age > 75 years = 2
  4. D - diabetes mellitus = 1
  5. S - stroke or TIA history = 2
  6. V - vascular disease, prior MI, PAD, aortic plaque = 1
  7. A - age 65-74 years = 1
  8. Sc - sex category, female = 1
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3
Q

CHADS2: Stroke risk assessment in people with non-valvular AF.

A
  1. C - congestive heart failure history = 1
  2. H - hypertension, include controlled = 1
  3. A - age > 75 years = 1
  4. D - diabetes mellitus = 1
  5. S - stroke or TIA history = 2
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4
Q

Australian prescriber indications for Rivaroxaban.

A
  1. AF

2. VTE

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5
Q

Australian prescriber indications for Dabigatran.

A
  1. AF
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6
Q

Australian prescriber indications for Apixaban.

A
  1. AF

2. VTE

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7
Q

Australian prescriber indications for Warfarin.

A
  1. AF
  2. VTE
  3. Valvular heart disease
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8
Q

Concomitant medications that increase effects of anticoagulants.

A
  1. Amiodarone (Warfarin)
  2. Erythromycin (Apixaban and Rivaroxaban)
  3. Verapamil (Dabigitran)
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9
Q

Concomitant medications that decrease the effect of anticoagulants.

A
  1. Rifampicin (all)
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10
Q

Medication choice for management of hypertension in myocardial infarction patients and symptomatic patients with angina.

A
  1. ACEi with beta blocker or calcium channel blocker
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11
Q

Medication choice for management of hypertension in chronic heart failure patient.

A
  1. ACEi with beta blocker

2. ARB if ACEi not tolerated

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12
Q

Medication choice for management of hypertension in the patient with peripheral vascular disease.

A
  1. ACEi or ARB
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13
Q

Medication choice for management of hypertension in older patients.

A
  1. ACEi or ARB
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14
Q

Classifications of clinical blood pressure in adults.

A
  1. Optimal = < 120 / < 80
  2. Normal = 120-129 / 80-84
  3. High-normal = 130-139 / 85-89
  4. Grade 1 HTN = 140-159 / 90-99
  5. Grade 2 HTN = 160-179 / 100-109
    6 Grade 3 HTN = >180 / > 110
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15
Q

Diagnosis of asthma in adults is based on:

A
  1. History
  2. Physical examination
  3. Considering other diagnosis
  4. documenting variable airflow limitations
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16
Q

9 Findings that increase the probability diagnoses of asthma in adults.

A
  1. Classic symptoms, chest tightness, wheeze, cough, breathlessness.
  2. Symptoms worse at night an early morning
  3. Symptoms recurrent or seasonal
  4. Obvious triggers, drugs or environmental
  5. Family history of asthma or atopic history
  6. Symptoms began in childhood
  7. Eosinophillia or raised blood IgE
  8. Rapidly relieved by SABA
  9. FEV1 or PEF lower than predicted
17
Q

9 Findings that decrease the probability diagnosis of asthma in adults.

A
  1. Dizziness, light-headedness, peripheral tingling
  2. Isolated cough with no other respiratory symptoms.
  3. Chronic sputum production.
  4. No physical findings on chest examination.
  5. Change in voice
  6. Symptoms only occur with URTI
  7. Smoking history
  8. CVD
  9. Normal spirometry
18
Q

Step wise approach to adjusting asthma medication in adults.

A
  1. All patients - PRN SABA
  2. Most patients - add ICS low dose
  3. Some patients - change to ICS/ LABA (low dose)
  4. Few patients - change to ICS/ LABA (high dose)
  5. Referral
19
Q

Lipid lowering therapy if LDL is not responding to maxed out statins or those patients intolerant of statins.

A
  1. Ezetimibe
  2. Bile acid binding resin
  3. Nicotinic acid
20
Q

Lipid lowering therapy for those patients with elevated triglycerides.

A
  1. Fenofibrate
  2. Nicotinic acid
  3. Fish oil
21
Q

New York Heart Association function classifications in heart failure.

A
  1. Class I = asymptomatic
  2. Class II = symptoms with normal activity
  3. Class III = symptoms with less than normal activity
  4. Class IV = symptoms at rest
22
Q

4 most common causes of heart failure.

A
  1. Ischaemic heart disease
  2. Hypertension
  3. Valvular heart disease
  4. Idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy
23
Q

Less common causes of heart failure.

A
  1. Diabetes
  2. Myocarditis
  3. Congenital heart disease
  4. Drug induced
24
Q

Beta blockers for use in heart failure.

A
  1. Carvedilol
  2. Bisoprolol
  3. Nebivolol
  4. Extended release metoprolol
25
Q

4 components of COPD management.

A
  1. Optimising function
  2. Preventing deterioration
  3. Developing support networks and self management skills
  4. Managing exacerbations
26
Q

Classifications of COPD based on FEV1 post- bronchodilator spirometry.

A
  1. Mild = 60-80% predicted
  2. Moderate = 40-59% predicted
  3. Severe = < 40% predicted
27
Q

Pharmacotherpay for mild COPD.

A
  1. Symptomatic SABA, SAMA, PRN
  2. LAMA if frequent deterioration
  3. Slow release oral theophylline if inhaler use not possible.
28
Q

Pharmacotherapy for moderate and severe COPD.

A
  1. Symptomatic SABA, SAMA, PRN
  2. LABA if frequent deterioration
  3. LAMA - tiotropium once daily
  4. ICS - fluticasone if < 50% predicted
  5. Slow release oral theophylline if inhaler use not possible
29
Q

8 Modifiable risk factors for CVD.

A
  1. Smoking
  2. Hypertension
  3. Diabetes
  4. Dyslipidaemia
  5. BMI, obesity
  6. Poor nutrition
  7. Sedentary lifestyle
  8. Excessive alcohol intake
30
Q

4 non- modifiable risk factors for CVD.

A
  1. Age
  2. Sex
  3. Family history of premature CVD
  4. Social, cultural history.
31
Q

6 Most commonly used medication types to AVOID in systolic heart failure (HFrEF).

A
  1. COX-2 selective NSAIDs
  2. Thia-zolidi-nediones
  3. Corticosteroids
  4. Anti-arrythmics
  5. Non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers
  6. TCAs
32
Q

Non-drug therapy for COPD.

A
  1. Pulmonary rehabilitation with physiotherapist.
33
Q

5 Barriers to quitting smoking.

A
  1. Weight gain
  2. Coping with stress
  3. Withdrawal from nicotine
  4. Fear of failure
  5. Peer or social pressure
34
Q

Pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation.

A
  1. Nicotine replacement therapy
  2. Varenicline
  3. Bupropion

GP (7 decks)

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