GP Qs Flashcards
What are some aspects of lifestyle you may cover in a consultation when giving advice to promote a healthier lifestyle?
Diet Exercise Alcohol Smoking Illicit drug use Sexual health
What factors enable you as a GP to be the most appropriate professional to guide a patient through their worries?
1- Aware of their current and past medical history.
2- Aware of the patients social circumstances e.g family support.
3- GP has a knowledge of a brad range of illnesses and health conditions.
4- Trusted health professional who is likely to have known patient/family for along period of time.
5- GP has a role in prevention as well as diagnosing/treating, holistic patient care.
6- GP is accessible as it is likely to be local to the patients home.
What are the different types of questioning?
Open-ended.
Direct questions.
Closed question.
Leading question.
Reflected question.
What is a open-ended question?
It does not seek a particular answer but simply signals to patient to tell their story/ voice their concerns.
What is a direct question?
Asks about a specific item.
What is a leading question?
Presumes the answer.
What is a closed question?
Can only be answered by yes or no.
What is a reflected question?
The doctor does not answer the question but asks the patient to think about the answer themselves.
What are the 5 core concepts associated with the Social Cognitive Theory?
1- Observational learning/modelling. (learned behaviours)
2- Outcome expectations
3- Self-efficacy
4- Goal setting
5- Self-regulation
What types of factors can influence an individual’s behaviour?
Personal
Environmental
Behavioural
What are some examples of environmental factors that may influence an individual’s behaviour?
Culture Social support Location Income Time
What is the WHO definition of health?
Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.
What did Blaxter find that lay beliefs included?
Absence of disease
Physical fitness
Functional ability
What are some factors that may influence lay beliefs about health?
Age - older people concentrate non functional ability, younger people tend to speak of health in terms of physical strength and fitness.
Social class - people living in difficult economic and social circumstances regard health as functional (ability to take care of others etc). Women of higher social class/education have a more multidimensional view of health.
Gender - Men and women view health differently. Women may find the concept of health more interesting and they include a social aspect to health.
Culture- Different perceptions of illness/disease and different concordances with treatment.
What actions could the government could take to stem the rise in obesity?
Health education - diet and exercise.
Tax on unhealthy foods.
Legislation - proper labelling of food.
Enforcement of legislation.
Ban on advertising unhealthy food.
Improve exercise/sport facilities.
Subsidise healthy food.
Transport policy e.g cycle lanes.
Funding of NHS treatment of obesity - specialist clinics/bariatric surgery.
What is meant by cultural competence?
Cultural competence is the understanding of diverse attitudes, beliefs, behaviours, practices and communication patterns attributable to a variety of factors. These factors include race, ethnicity, religion, SES, historical and social context, physical or mental ability, age, gender, sexual orientation, or generational and acculturation status.
What are some potential difficulties which may arise when consulting a patient from a different culture?
Lack of knowledge about NHS system.
Lack of knowledge about common health issues/different health beliefs.
Fear and distrust.
Racism.
Bias and ethnocentrism.
Stereotyping
Language barriers
Presence of a third party.
Differences in perceptions and expectations of a doctor/patient.
Examination taboos
Gender difference.
Religious beliefs
Patient may not be entailed to NHS care.
What are some different routes via which someone may be exposed to a hazardous substance?
Skin Blood Sexual contact Inhalation Ingestion
What are the different categories of hazard?
Chemical
Physical
Mechanical - trips and slips
Biological - spread of infection amongst colleagues.
Psychological/ stress - anxiety re job security, relationships with colleagues, busy schedule.
What are some aspects of advice you may give to a patient when safety netting?
Advise the patient of the expected course of the illness/recovery.
Advise of the symptoms indicating deterioration.
Advise who to contact if the patient deteriorates.
What are some ways Neighbour suggests risks can be minimised?
Summarise and verbally check that reasons for attendance are clear.
Hand over and bring the consultation to a close i.e hand over to the patient at end and ensure all issues have been covered.
Deal with housekeeping of the recovery and reflection e.g record keeping, referral if necessary, pausing to reflect before next patient.
What is meant when a GP is referred to as the gatekeeper?
The person who controls patients’ access to specialist or secondary care.
What are some advantages of GPs as gatekeepers?
Identify those patients who are in need of secondary care assessment.
Personal advocacy
Patient does not necessarily know which speciality to go to.
Increased likelihood of referral to the appropriate department.
Increases likelihood of appropriate referral of resources.
Limits exposure to certain investigations e.g x-ray, CT
GP acts as a coordinator of care.
Puts GP in position to provide patient education.
Approximately what percentage of patients presenting with illnesses in the community are admitted to hospital each month?
3%
What are some examples of other members of the health and social care team who work within the community?
Physiotherapist Pharmacist Dietician Counsellor Practice nurse Occupational therapist
What is the role of a physiotherapist?
Helps rehabilitate patient with specialists movements /techniques e.g helps clear chest secretions of a CF patient.
What is the role of a pharmacist?
give advice/information on medication and encourage concordance.
What is the role of a dietician?
Assess nutrition of patient and advise improving appetite/ weight gain/loss.
What is the role of a counsellor?
Assess and manage a patients mood.
What is the role of a practice nurse?
Helps with taking medication, keeps track of clinic appearances, vaccination.
What is the role of an occupational therapist?
Assesses the need for aids to assist daily life e.g stair lift, shower rail.
What are the 4 ethical principles that underpin medical practice?
Justice
Beneficence (do good)
Non-maleficence (do no harm)
Autonomy
