GP Qs

Question 1

What are some aspects of lifestyle you may cover in a consultation when giving advice to promote a healthier lifestyle?

Answer 1

Diet 
Exercise
Alcohol
Smoking
Illicit drug use
Sexual health

Question 2

What factors enable you as a GP to be the most appropriate professional to guide a patient through their worries?

Answer 2

1- Aware of their current and past medical history.

2- Aware of the patients social circumstances e.g family support.

3- GP has a knowledge of a brad range of illnesses and health conditions.

4- Trusted health professional who is likely to have known patient/family for along period of time.

5- GP has a role in prevention as well as diagnosing/treating, holistic patient care.

6- GP is accessible as it is likely to be local to the patients home.

Question 3

What are the different types of questioning?

Answer 3

Open-ended.

Direct questions.

Closed question.

Leading question.

Reflected question.

Question 4

What is a open-ended question?

Answer 4

It does not seek a particular answer but simply signals to patient to tell their story/ voice their concerns.

Question 5

What is a direct question?

Answer 5

Asks about a specific item.

Question 6

What is a leading question?

Answer 6

Presumes the answer.

Question 7

What is a closed question?

Answer 7

Can only be answered by yes or no.

Question 8

What is a reflected question?

Answer 8

The doctor does not answer the question but asks the patient to think about the answer themselves.

Question 9

What are the 5 core concepts associated with the Social Cognitive Theory?

Answer 9

1- Observational learning/modelling. (learned behaviours)

2- Outcome expectations

3- Self-efficacy

4- Goal setting

5- Self-regulation

Question 10

What types of factors can influence an individual’s behaviour?

Answer 10

Personal
Environmental
Behavioural

Question 11

What are some examples of environmental factors that may influence an individual’s behaviour?

Answer 11

Culture
Social support
Location
Income
Time

Question 12

What is the WHO definition of health?

Answer 12

Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.

Question 13

What did Blaxter find that lay beliefs included?

Answer 13

Absence of disease
Physical fitness
Functional ability

Question 14

What are some factors that may influence lay beliefs about health?

Answer 14

Age - older people concentrate non functional ability, younger people tend to speak of health in terms of physical strength and fitness.

Social class - people living in difficult economic and social circumstances regard health as functional (ability to take care of others etc). Women of higher social class/education have a more multidimensional view of health.

Gender - Men and women view health differently. Women may find the concept of health more interesting and they include a social aspect to health.

Culture- Different perceptions of illness/disease and different concordances with treatment.

Question 15

What actions could the government could take to stem the rise in obesity?

Answer 15

Health education - diet and exercise.

Tax on unhealthy foods.

Legislation - proper labelling of food.

Enforcement of legislation.

Ban on advertising unhealthy food.

Improve exercise/sport facilities.

Subsidise healthy food.

Transport policy e.g cycle lanes.

Funding of NHS treatment of obesity - specialist clinics/bariatric surgery.

Question 16

What is meant by cultural competence?

Answer 16

Cultural competence is the understanding of diverse attitudes, beliefs, behaviours, practices and communication patterns attributable to a variety of factors. These factors include race, ethnicity, religion, SES, historical and social context, physical or mental ability, age, gender, sexual orientation, or generational and acculturation status.

Question 17

What are some potential difficulties which may arise when consulting a patient from a different culture?

Answer 17

Lack of knowledge about NHS system.

Lack of knowledge about common health issues/different health beliefs.

Fear and distrust.

Racism.

Bias and ethnocentrism.

Stereotyping

Language barriers

Presence of a third party.

Differences in perceptions and expectations of a doctor/patient.

Examination taboos

Gender difference.

Religious beliefs

Patient may not be entailed to NHS care.

Question 18

What are some different routes via which someone may be exposed to a hazardous substance?

Answer 18

Skin
Blood
Sexual contact
Inhalation 
Ingestion

Question 19

What are the different categories of hazard?

Answer 19

Chemical
Physical
Mechanical - trips and slips
Biological - spread of infection amongst colleagues.
Psychological/ stress - anxiety re job security, relationships with colleagues, busy schedule.

Question 20

What are some aspects of advice you may give to a patient when safety netting?

Answer 20

Advise the patient of the expected course of the illness/recovery.

Advise of the symptoms indicating deterioration.

Advise who to contact if the patient deteriorates.

Question 21

What are some ways Neighbour suggests risks can be minimised?

Answer 21

Summarise and verbally check that reasons for attendance are clear.

Hand over and bring the consultation to a close i.e hand over to the patient at end and ensure all issues have been covered.

Deal with housekeeping of the recovery and reflection e.g record keeping, referral if necessary, pausing to reflect before next patient.

Question 22

What is meant when a GP is referred to as the gatekeeper?

Answer 22

The person who controls patients’ access to specialist or secondary care.

Question 23

What are some advantages of GPs as gatekeepers?

Answer 23

Identify those patients who are in need of secondary care assessment.

Personal advocacy

Patient does not necessarily know which speciality to go to.

Increased likelihood of referral to the appropriate department.

Increases likelihood of appropriate referral of resources.

Limits exposure to certain investigations e.g x-ray, CT

GP acts as a coordinator of care.

Puts GP in position to provide patient education.

Question 24

Approximately what percentage of patients presenting with illnesses in the community are admitted to hospital each month?

Answer 24

3%

Question 25

What are some examples of other members of the health and social care team who work within the community?

Answer 25

Physiotherapist 
Pharmacist
Dietician
Counsellor
Practice nurse
Occupational therapist

Question 26

What is the role of a physiotherapist?

Answer 26

Helps rehabilitate patient with specialists movements /techniques e.g helps clear chest secretions of a CF patient.

Question 27

What is the role of a pharmacist?

Answer 27

give advice/information on medication and encourage concordance.

Question 28

What is the role of a dietician?

Answer 28

Assess nutrition of patient and advise improving appetite/ weight gain/loss.

Question 29

What is the role of a counsellor?

Answer 29

Assess and manage a patients mood.

Question 30

What is the role of a practice nurse?

Answer 30

Helps with taking medication, keeps track of clinic appearances, vaccination.

Question 31

What is the role of an occupational therapist?

Answer 31

Assesses the need for aids to assist daily life e.g stair lift, shower rail.

Question 32

What are the 4 ethical principles that underpin medical practice?

Answer 32

Justice
Beneficence (do good)
Non-maleficence (do no harm)
Autonomy