Bone Flashcards

1
Q

Give some functions of bone

A

Weight bearing and support
Protection of organs
Mineral store
Blood formation - red bone marrow

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2
Q

What is the name of the outer membrane of bone?

A

Periosteum

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3
Q

What is the name of the inner membrane of bone?

A

Endosteum

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4
Q

Give some properties of compact bone?

A

Very organised
Consists of circular structures called osteons.
Lots of pores for blood vessels
Bone matrix called lamellae

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5
Q

What is the function of canaliculi and what type of bone is it present in?

A

Found in compact bone.

Allows the communication between osteocytes.

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6
Q

Give some properties of spongy bone?

A

Less dense
Consists of a network of lamellated trabeculae filled with bone marrow
Porous

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7
Q

Give the 6 different types of bone?

A
Flat bone - front of skull
Sutural - in skull
Short bone - carpal
Irregular bone - vertebra
Long bone - femur 
Sesamoid bone - patella
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8
Q

Name the 2 different types of bone formation

A

Endochondral

Intramembranous

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9
Q

Describe the process of endochondral ossification?

A

Uses a cartilage model to create bone.
Blood vessels invade the cartilage which is eventually replaced with bone.
Cartilage remains in the epiphyseal growth plate.

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10
Q

Describe the process of intramembranous ossification?

A

Mesenchymal cells develop into osteoprogenitor cells that mature into osteoblasts that deposit bone.
No cartilage phase!

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11
Q

Which type of bone formation is the most common in long bone growth?

A

Endochondral

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12
Q

What properties do minerals provide bone with?

A

They make bone stiff and give stupport

They make bone strong especially when under compression

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13
Q

What gives bone some flexibility and high strength under tension?

A

Collagen

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14
Q

What are osteoblasts?

A

Immature bone cells created from osteoprogenitor cells in bone membranes.

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15
Q

What is the function of osteoblasts?

A

They produce the bone matrix and initiate calcification.

Become osteocytes once surrounded by matrix.

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16
Q

What are osteocytes?

A

Mature bone cells found inside lacunae.

17
Q

What is the function of osteocytes?

A

May maintain bone matrix and sense mechanical forces

18
Q

What are osteoclasts?

A

Multinucleate cells derived from monocytes/macrophages.

19
Q

What is the function of osteoclasts?

A

Found on bone surface (ruffled border)

Resorb bone matrix

20
Q

What are the 3 main components of bone extracellular matrix?

A

Minerals
Protein in form of collagen (type 1)
Water

21
Q

Describe the structure of the extracellular bone matrix?

A

Strongly cross linked collagen fibres with large gaps for hydroxyapatite crystals

22
Q

What is osteoporosis?

A

A bone disease where bone resorption is greater than formation resulting in weakened bones.

23
Q

What is osteopetrosis?

A

Bone disease where resorption of bone is decreased so it becomes dense and stony.

24
Q

What factors control bone mass?

A

Genes and Environment

25
Q

What else can regulate bone mass?

A

Mechanical loads