Gospel of John & Heresies Flashcards by ali martin

John’s audience

Jewish-Christians who were kicked out of their synagogue

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John Date:

95 AD

-lots of heresies at time

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Portrait of Jesus

Jesus is the Logos (the Word of God)

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John’s “Genealogy”

The Prologue traces Jesus back to God

-no birth story, has prologue

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Why was John’s audience kicked out of their temple?

They believed in Jesus

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What kind of tone does John have?

anti-Semitic (anti-Jewish)

- says Jews are the ones that want to kill Jesus

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First part of Prologue

Everything in the world came from the Word

Jesus has always been with us
Trinity always existed

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Second Part of Prologue

John the Baptist was created by God, but he was not the messiah. The true messiah was Jesus Christ.

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Third Part of Prologue

Everyone who believed in God received God, and became his children (Baptism)

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Last Part of Prologue

God became man, and this man, Jesus Christ, revealed God’s grace and truth to the people, making him known

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The Hypostatic Union

Jesus is 100% human, 100% divine

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Trinity

3 Persons in one God; 3 expressions of that God

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Heresy

False teaching against church

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Orthodoxy

Teaching that is true about church

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The Council of Nicea

(Came first)

-declared that Jesus is truly God and is “of the same substance” (defended against Arianism)

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Docetism

(Anti-Christ)
Jesus had a “phantom body”; appeared as human, actually ghost/illusion, not physical
“Dokeo”=”to seem”

Gnosticism

Jesus was a mystical being who came to give “secret knowledge” of salvation to a chosen few. The World is not Good. There is no Messiah. (no Resurrection)

Teachings of Jesus saved us
God of Old Testament different from God of New Testament, therefore He created earth to be evil also

Arianism

Jesus was half God; not equal to God (Superman)

more than just a human
named after 4th century bishop
50 AD, early

Council of Chacedon

75 years after Council of Nicaea
-affirmed that the relationship of the human and divine natures in Jesus were undivided and inseparable
Jesus is 100% man and 100% divine (against Nestorianism)

Adoptionism

Jesus was a good man whom God adopted as his Son at some point in his life

Moralism

Jesus was an ethical teacher, nothing more

Monophysitism (Apolloinarianism)

God’s Word (Logos) took the place of the human soul of Jesus

-He had a human body, but no mind or will

Nestorianism

In Jesus there are two Persons, one divine and one human

-believed 2nd person of Trinity came into being when Jesus was born

What were the two main types of heresies about Jesus in the early church?

Denying his divinity and his humanity

"Mother of God" to refer to Mary

- because it was declared at he Ecumenical Council of Ephesus in 431 - affirmed Mary as the Theotokos, of Mother of God - shows her important role in salvation

Why do Catholics say the Nicene Creed at certain liturgical?

- it clarifies the church truth and denies heresies | - shows our unity as a community of faith

"Credo"

Latin term | Literally means, "I believe"

Nicene Creed came...

First! | 4th century

Apostles' Creed came....

Second! | 5th Century

Athanasian Creed came...

Third!

consubstantial

"of the same substance"

What percent of John's Gospel is his own?

94% - only 6% overlap between his and other Gospels - did not want to tell the same story of Jesus - needed to demonstrate that Jesus is the word of God

Are there parables in John?

No | -Jesus stays and talks, no parables, instead long discourses (sermons)

What are discourses?

Sermons - prove saving power of the word - contains lots of symbolism, poetry, dualism (contrast; good/bad)

No miracles, John uses word....

"Signs" | =signs of his divinity, same way God performed signs in the OT

John's Gospel divided into 2 books. What are they called?

1. Books of Signs (section of gospel where Jesus is revealing his dignity; 7 signs) 2. Book of Glory (not passion, it's glory; when Jesus speaks he uses "I am"="YHWH"; teaching his reader Jesus is God)

What was Jesus' #1 purpose?

- Jesus came in order to die (synoptic gospels would disagree) - John disagreed that crucifixion was an embarrassment - Cross was necessary so we could be saved

Examples of differences in John's Gospel?

- John shows Jesus saying "for this purpose, I have come" (no agony) - Jesus walks up to the guards and asks them who they are looking for, then admitting "I am He" (knows cross is why he is there) - lectures some more during Pilate's trial, treated as equal - no sense of abandonment ("it is finished"; knows God's plan) - shows crucifixion is the best thing to happen to humanity; without it would be no resurrection, no life