Goniometry (Knee and Ankle) Flashcards
1
Q
Knee goniometer alignment
A
- Fulcrum: lateral femoral epicondyle
- Prox. Arm: greater trochanter
- Dist. Arm: lateral malleolus
2
Q
Knee Flexion ROM
A
0-130/140º
3
Q
Knee Extension ROM
A
0º
*(0-5/10º in children)
4
Q
Knee Flexion positioning and stablization
A
- Supine with a towel under ankles
- Bring leg up to 90º hip flexion
- Hold hip position with one hand and flex lower leg toward butt.
- Stabilize the femur
5
Q
Knee flexion end feel
A
(End Feel is soft but might be firm because of tension in quad muscles)
6
Q
Knee extension positioning and stabilization
A
- Measured at starting position of knee flexion
- Stabilize the femur
7
Q
Knee extension end feel
A
Firm
8
Q
Ankle goniometer alignment for flexion
A
- Fulcrum: Lateral aspect of lateral malleolus
- Prox. Arm: head of fibula, using lateral midline
- Dist. Arm: parallel to lateral aspect of 5th metatarsal
9
Q
Ankle goniometer alignment for extension
A
- Fulcrum: Lateral aspect of lateral malleolus
- Prox. Arm: head of fibula, using lateral midline
- Dist. Arm:parallel to lateral aspect of 5th metatarsal
10
Q
Ankle goniometer alignment for eversion (tarsal)
A
- Fulcrum: anterior aspect of ankle between malleoli
- Prox. Arm: ant. Midline of lower leg using tibial tuberosity
- Dist. Arm: ant. Midline of 2nd metatarsal
11
Q
Ankle goniometer alignment for inversion (tarsal)
A
- Fulcrum: anterior aspect of ankle between malleoli
- Prox. Arm: ant. Midline of lower leg using tibial tuberosity
- Dist. Arm: ant. Midline of 2nd metatarsal
12
Q
Plantarflexion ROM
A
0-45/55º
13
Q
Plantarflexion end feel
A
Firm
14
Q
Dorsiflexion ROM
A
0-15/20º
15
Q
Dorsiflexion end feel
A
Firm
16
Q
Tarsal inversion ROM
A
0-30/35º
17
Q
Tarsal inversion end feel
A
Firm
18
Q
Tarsal eversion ROM
A
0-15/20º
19
Q
Tarsal eversion end feel
A
Hard
20
Q
Subtalar inversion ROM
A
0-5/25º
21
Q
Subtalar inversion end feel
A
Firm
22
Q
Subtalar eversion ROM
A
0-5/12º
23
Q
Subtalar eversion end feel
A
Hard
24
Q
Plantarflexion positioning
A
- Sitting with knee flexion to 90º
- Making sure ankle is in 0º inversion/eversion
- Can also be done in supine or prone for a non-weight bearing position
25
Dorsiflexion positioning
* Sitting with knee **flexion to 90º**
* Making sure ankle is in **0º inversion/eversion**
* Can also be done in supine or prone for a non-weight bearing position
26
Talar Inversion positioning
* Sitting with knee **flexion to 90º**
* **Lower leg on edge of a supporting surface**
* **Hip should be in 0º abduction, adduction, and rotation**
27
Talar eversion positioning
* Sitting with knee flexion to 90º
* Lower leg on edge of a supporting surface
* Hip should be in 0º abduction, adduction, and rotation
28
Ely Test (Rectus Femoris length evaluation) **Testing Plane**
Sagittal
29
Ely Test (Rectus Femoris length evaluation) **Testing Position**
Prone with both feet off the end of the table.
30
Ely Test (Rectus Femoris length evaluation) **Limb Position**
Knees and hips begin at 0 degrees.
31
Ely Test (Rectus Femoris length evaluation) **Stabilization**
Stabilize the hip; do not allow the hip to flex.
32
Ely Test (Rectus Femoris length evaluation) **Testing Motion**
* Flex the knee by lifting the lower leg off the table;
* the end of ROM is when resistance is felt from the anterior thigh and further knee flexión causes the hip to flex.
33
Ely Test (Rectus Femoris length evaluation) **Goniometer Alignment**
* **Fulcrum**: lateral epicondyle of the femur
* **Proximal** Arm: lateral midline of femur (greater trochanter for reference)
* **Distal** Arm: lateral midline of fibula (lateral malleolus as reference)
34
Ely Test (Rectus Femoris length evaluation) **Interpretation**
**Normal**: knee can be flexed at least **90 degrees**
35
Ely Test (Rectus Femoris length evaluation) **End Feel**
Firm
36
Distal Hamstring Length Test (passive knee extension) **Testing Plane**
Sagittal
37
Distal Hamstring Length Test (passive knee extension) **Testing Position**
**Supine** with the **hip** on the side being tested in **90 degrees of flexion** and 0 degrees of ABD/ADD/Rotation.
38
Distal Hamstring Length Test (passive knee extension) **Stabilization**
Femur
39
Distal Hamstring Length Test (passive knee extension) **Testing Motion**
1. **Extend the knee** to the end of ROM.
2. The **end** of testing motion is when resistance is felt from tension in the posterior thigh and further knee **extension causes the hip to extend.**
40
Distal Hamstring Length Test (passive knee extension) **Goniometer Alignment**
* **Fulcrum**: lateral epicondyle of the femur
* **Proximal** Arm: lateral midline of the femur (greater trochanter as reference)
* **Distal** Arm: lateral midline of the fibula (lateral malleolus as reference)
41
Distal Hamstring Length Test (passive knee extension) **end feel**
Firm
42
Gastrocnemius Length Test (supine non-weight bearing) **Testing Plane**
Sagittal
43
Gastrocnemius Length Test (supine non-weight bearing) **Testing Position**
Supine
44
Gastrocnemius Length Test (supine non-weight bearing) **Limb Position**
knee **extended** and foot in **0º inversion/eversion**
45
Gastrocnemius Length Test (supine non-weight bearing) **Stabilization**
Weight of hand on knee to **hold extension**
46
Gastrocnemius Length Test (supine non-weight bearing) **Testing Motion**
Dorsiflex the ankle to the end of ROM.
47
Gastrocnemius Length Test (supine non-weight bearing) **Goniometry Alignment**
* **Fulcrum**: lateral aspect of lateral malleolus
* **Proximal** Arm: lateral midline of fibula, using head of fibula
* **Distal** Arm: parallel to lateral aspect of 5th metatarsal
48
Gastrocnemius Length Test (supine non-weight bearing) **Interpretation**
* Normal ROM values during knee extension in non-weight bearing position ranges from **10-20 degrees**
* Measurements in **weight bearing** are **greater than non weight bearing**
49
Gastrocnemius Length Test (supine non-weight bearing) **End feel**
Firm
50
Gastrocnemius Length Test (weight-bearing) **Testing Plane**
Sagittal
51
Gastrocnemius Length Test (weight-bearing) **Testing Position**
Standing
52
Gastrocnemius Length Test (weight-bearing) **Limb Position**
Knee extended and foot in 0º inversion/eversion
53
Gastrocnemius Length Test (weight bearing) **Stabilization**
Weight of hand on knee to hold extension
54
Gastrocnemius Length Test (weight bearing) **Testing Motion**
Lean into a wall and maintain knee extension
55
Gastrocnemius Length Test (weight bearing) **Goniometry Alignment**
* **Fulcrum**: lateral aspect of lateral malleolus
* **Proximal** Arm: lateral midline of fibula, using head of fibula
* **Distal** Arm: parallel to lateral aspect of 5th metatarsal
56
Gastrocnemius Length Test (weight bearing) **Interpretation**
* Normal ROM values during knee extension in non-weight bearing position ranges from 10-20 degrees
* Measurements in weight bearing are greater than non weight bearing
57
Gastrocnemius Length Test (weight-bearing) **end feel**
Firm
