Goniometry (Hip) Flashcards
What is the ROM for hip flexion?
120-140°
What is the ROM for hip extension?
18-30°
What is the ROM for hip abduction?
40-55°
What is the ROM for hip adduction?
20-25°
What is the ROM for hip internal rotation?
30-45°
What is the ROM for hip external rotation?
32-50°
What is the Ober test?
a muscle test that works to test the length of the TFL and the IT band
How do you perform the Ober test?
- Position: Patient in side-lying, w posterior aspect close to edge of the table. PT stands directly behind the patient.
- Bottom hip and knee should be flexed
- Flex hip and knee, and abduct the leg.
- Test length of IT band and TFL by lowering leg into adduction
How do you perform the modified Ober test?
- Evaluates the length of the hip abductors
- Position: Patient is side-lying with the posterior aspect close to the edge of the table but the knee is also held in extension throughout the test. PT stands behind the pt.
What is and how do you perform the Thomas Test?
It is a measure of the flexibility of the hip flexors
- Position: sitting with lower thighs, knees, and legs off table; assist patient into supine by supporting the back and flexing the hips and knees; flex the hips and bring the knees closer to the chest until the low back and pelvis flatten against the table
- Stabilization: the examiner or patient holds the hip not being tested in the flexed state against the chest; patient may use a towel or sheet placed behind knee if they cannot reach their thigh
- Testing motion: passively extend hip by lowering thigh towards table; make sure hip stays in sagittal plane; thigh and lower leg need to be relaxed and not actively flexed
- Goniometer alignment: fulcrum over greater trochanter, proximal arm with lateral midline of pelvis, distal arm aligned with lateral epicondyle of femur
How do you perform the straight leg test?
- Position: Place the individual supine with both knees extended, remove clothes if can to expose ilium and low back,
- Stabilization: Hold the knee of the lower extremity being tested in full extension, other leg stays flat, prevent pelvis tilting
- Testing motion: Passively flex the hip by lifting the lower extremity off the table, The examiner keeps the knee in full extension by applying firm pressure to the anterior thigh while flexing the hip.
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Goniometer alignment:
- fulcrum on the greater trochanter of the femur
- proximal arm with the lateral midline of the pelvis.
- distal arm with the lateral midline of the femur, using the lateral epicondyle for reference.
What is the end feel for hip external rotation?
Firm
What is the end feel for hip internal rotation?
Firm
What is the end feel for hip adduction?
Firm
What is the end feel for hip abduction?
Firm
What is the end feel for hip extension?
Firm
What is the end feel for hip flexion?
Soft
What is the hip flexion goniometer alignment?
- Fulcrum: lateral aspect of hip joint, using greater trochanter of femur as reference
- Proximal arm: lateral midline of pelvis
- Distal arm: lateral midline of femur, using lateral epicondyle as reference
What is the hip extension goniometer alignment?
- Fulcrum on the greater trochanter
- Proximal arm of the goniometer w the lateral midline of the pelvis
- Distal arm of the goniometer with the lateral epicondyle
Position thumb and fingers to note anterior pelvic tilting during end ROM of the joint.
What is the hip abduction goniometer alignment?
- Fulcrum: over ASIS
- Proximal arm: aligned with an imaginary horizontal line extending from one ASIS to the other (start measurement at 90)
- Distal arm: aligned with anterior midline of the femur, using the midline of the patella for reference. Palpate the midpoint between the femoral epicondyles to confirm that the midline of the patella is not displaced
What is the hip abduction goniometer alignment?
Fulcrum: over ASIS
Proximal arm: aligned with an imaginary horizontal line extending from one ASIS to the other (start measurement at 90)
Distal arm: aligned with anterior midline of the femur, using the midline of the patella for reference.
What is the hip internal rotation goniometer alignment?
- Fulcrum of the goniometer over the anterior aspect of the patella.
- Proximal arm so that it is perpendicular to the floor or parallel to the supporting surface. Goniometers with a level attached to the proximal arm are helpful for novices.
- Distal arm with the anterior midline of the lower leg, using the crest of the tibia and a point midway between the two malleoli for reference.
What is the hip external rotation goniometer alignment?
- Fulcrum of the goniometer over the anterior aspect of the patella.
- Proximal arm so that it is perpendicular to the floor or parallel to the supporting surface. Goniometers with a level attached to the proximal arm are helpful for novices.
- Distal arm with the anterior midline of the lower leg, using the crest of the tibia and a point midway between the two malleoli for reference.
What is the positioning for hip flexion?
Supine, pelvis neutral, knees extended