Goni positions

Question 1

Hip flexion

Answer 1

P: supine
PL: lateral midline of pelvis
DL: lateral epicondyle of femur
A: greater trochanter
Normal Range: 0-120
Stab: pelvis to prevent tilting
End-Feel: soft or firm

Question 2

Hip extension

Answer 2

P: prone
PL: lateral midline of pelvis
DL: lateral eipcondyle of femur
A: greater trochanter
Normal Range: 0-20
Stab: pelvis, prevent anterior pelvic tilt
End-Feel: firm

Question 3

Hip Abduction

Answer 3

P: supine
PL: ASIS, opposite
DL: midline patella
A: ASIS, tested
Normal Range: 0-40
Stab: abduct opposite leg
End-Feel: firm

Question 4

Hip adduction

Answer 4

P: supine
PL: ASIS opposite
DL: midline patella
A: ASIS, tested
Normal Range: 0-30
Stab: pelvis, prevent lateral tilting
End-Feel: firm

Question 5

Hip internal rotation

Answer 5

P: short sitting
PL: perpendicular to ground
DL: tibial crest
A: patella, center
Normal Range: 0-45
Stab: distal end of femur
End-Feel: firm

Question 6

Hip external roation

Answer 6

P: short sitting
PL: perpendicluar to floor
DL: tibial crest
A: patella, center
Normal Range: 0-45
Stab: distal end of femur
End-Feel: firm

Question 7

Knee flexion

Answer 7

P: supine/hooklying, neutral hip
PL: greater trochanter
DL: lateral malleolus
A: lateral femoral epicondyle
Normal Range: 0-120
Stab: femur- prevent rotation
End-Feel: soft or firm

Question 8

Knee extension

Answer 8

P: supine/hooklying, neutral hip, towel under ankle
PL: greater trochanter
DL: lateral malleolus
A: lateral femoral eipcondyle 
Normal Range: 10* past zero (0-10?)
Stab: femur- prevent rotation
End-Feel: firm

Question 9

Ankle Dorsiflexion

Answer 9

P: short sitting, knee flexed to 90, neutral foot
Other Positions: supine knee flexed to 30, prone knee flexed to 90, standing
PL: fibular head
DL: 5th metatarsal
A: lateral malleolus
Normal Range: 0-20
Stab: tibia and fibula to prevent knee and hip motion
End-Feel: firm

Question 10

Ankle plantarflexion

Answer 10

P: short sitting knee flexed to 90, neutral foot
PL: fibular head
DL: 5th metatarsal
A: lateral malleolus
Normal Range: 0-50
Stab: tibia and fibula to prevent knee and hip motion
End-Feel: firm or hard

Question 11

Ankle inversion (tarsal)

Answer 11

P: short sitting, knee flexed to 90
PL: tibial tuberosity
DL: 2nd metatarsal
A: anterior ankle, midpoint between malleoli
Normal Range: 0-35
Stab: tibia and fibula to prevent knee and hip motion
End-Feel: firm

Question 12

Ankle inversion (subtalar)

Answer 12

P: prone foot hanging over edge
PL: lower leg, posterior midline
DL: calcaneous posterior midline
A: posterior ankle, midpoint between malleoli
Normal Range: 0-35
Stab: ?
End-Feel: ?

Question 13

Ankle inversion (transverse tarsal)

Answer 13

P: short sitting knee flexed to 90
PL: tibial tuberosity
DL: 2nd metatarsal
A: anterior ankle, just distal midpoint between malleoli
Normal Range: 0-35
Stab: ?
End-Feel: ?

Question 14

Ankle eversion (tarsal)

Answer 14

P: short sitting, knee flexed to 90
PL: tibial tuberosity
DL: second metatarsal
A: anterior ankle, midpoint between malleoli
Normal Range: 0-15
Stab: tibia and fibula to prevent knee and hip motion
End-Feel: firm or hard

Question 15

Ankle eversion (subtalar)

Answer 15

P: prone foot hanging over edge
PL: lower leg, posterior midline
DL: calcaneous, posterior midline
A: posterior ankle midpoint between malleoli
Normal Range: 0-15
Stab: ?
End-Feel: firm or hard

Question 16

Ankle eversion (transverse tarsal)

Answer 16

P: short sitting knee flexed to 90
PL: tibial tuberosity
DL: second metatarsal
A: anterior ankle, just distal midpoint between malleoli
Normal Range: 0-15
Stab:
End-Feel:

Question 17

MTP flexion

Answer 17

P: supine or sitting with neutral ankle
PL: first metatarsal, dorsal aspect
DL: proximal phalanx, dorsal aspect
A: MTP joint, dorsal aspect
Normal Range: MTP 1st 0-45; MTP 2-5 = 0-40

Question 18

MTP flexion

Answer 18

P: supine or sitting with neutral ankle
PL: first metatarsal, medial aspect
DL: proximal phalanx, medial aspect
A: MTP joint, medial aspect
Normal Range: MTP 1st 0-45; MTP 2-5 = 0-40