Goni And Mmt Of Elbow And Forearm Flashcards
Describe the humeroulnar joint
Proximal humeral trochlea: convex, distal notch is concave. The ulna slides anteriorly with flexion stopped by soft tissue. The ulna slides posteriorly with extension stopped by the olecranon.
What are the motions of the elbow and forearm
Flexion
Extension
Supination
Pronation
Describe the humeroradial joint
Proximal is the convex capitulum, distal is the concave radial head. The radial head slides anteriorly with flexion. The radial head slides posteriorly with extension.
Describe the superior and inferior radio ulnar joints
Radial notch of the ulna and annular ligament form a concave joint surface. The radial aspect is concave. The articular surface of the radius spins posteriorly during pronation and anteriorly during supination. The concave articular surface of the radius slides anteriorly during pronation and posteriorly during supination
What motions decline with age
Extension, flexion, and pronation
Females tend to have more _____ than men
Flexion
Using a telephone requires about _____ of flexion
135 degrees
What is extension required for
Rising from a chair
Or
Reaching for ones shoes
What is pronation needed for
Cutting with a knife and pouring from a pitcher
What is supination needed for
Eating with a fork
What is the position to measure elbow flexion
Supine, support head and knees for low back protection, support humerus with a towel
What are normal values for elbow flexion
Ranges from 140-150 depending on biceps
What’s the fulcrum, SA, and MAof elbow flexion
Fulcrum: lateral epicondyle of the humerus
SA: proximal, parallel to the midline of the humerus toward the acromion
MA: align with the lateral midline of the radius using the radial head and the styloid
What is normal values for elbow extension
It’s the return of elbow flexion so it will be from 0-140. If there is no contracture, not reaching 0: 6-135 degrees or -6 degrees of extension.
What’s the position to measure elbow pronation
Sitting, shoulder at the side and elbow at 90 flexion, forearm mideway between pronation and supination, thumb up. Stabilize the distal end of the humerus to prevent internal rotation.
What are normal ranges of pronation
76-84
What is the fulcrum, SA. MA of pronation
Fulcrum: laterally and proximally to the ulnar styloid process
SA: parallel to the anterior midline of the humerus or perpendicular to the floor.
MA: across the dorsal aspect of the forearm just proximal to the styloid process where the forearm is most level and free of muscle bulk
What is the position for supination
Sitting, shoulder at the side and elbow at 90 flexion, forearm mideway between pronation and supination, thumb up. Stabilize the distal end of the humerus to prevent internal rotation.
What are the normal values for supination
77-82
What is the fulcrum, SA and MA of supination
Fulcrum: medially and proximally to the ulnar styloid process or perpendicular to the floor.
SA: parallel to the anterior midline of the humerus
MA: across the ventral aspect of the forearm just proximal to the styloid process wheee the forearm is most level and free of muscle bulk.
What tests for the elbow and forearm are done in sitting for mmt
Flexion
Pronation
Supination
What tests are done for prone in the elbow and forearm mmt
Extension
What muscle are you testing in elbow flexion
Biceps, musculocutaneous C5-C6 Brachialis, brachioradialis, radial c5-c6
What is the tester position for mmt elbow flexion
In front of the client, client sitting, biceps supinsted, Brachialis pronation, and brachioradialis is in neutral or mid forearm position
What is the stabilizing/palpating arm doing in mmt of elbow flexion
Cupping over the anterior superior shoulder, counterforce
What is the resisting arm doing in mmt elbow flexion and what is the direction of resistance
Flexor surface of the forearm, proximal to the wrist
Downward
What grade can we test elbow flexion in the sitting position
5, 4, and 3
How do you test mmt of elbow flexion on a two one or zero
Position of the client is supine or sitting with the arm supported. Then test all three muscles with all three forearm positions. Palpate the muscle contraction.
What muscle are you testing in elbow extension mmt
Triceps , radial C5-C6
What is the tester position in mmt of elbow extension
To the side of the client, client is prone
Where is the stabilizing /palpating arm in elbow extension mmt
Support just above the elbow
What is the resisting arm doing in mmt elbow extension and what is the direction
Dorsal surface just proximal to the wrist
Downward
What muscle grades of elbow extension can you test in the prone position
5, 4, 3
How to test muscle grade of two one or zero for elbow extension
The tester position is to the side of the client supporting the elbow and forearm, client is sitting
What muscle are you testing for pronation
Pronator teres median c6-c7 and pronator quadratus (c6-c8)
What muscle are you testing for supination
Supinator radial c5-c6, biceps musculocutaneous c5-c6.
What is the tester position for pronation
On the side of the client, client sitting, forearm neutral
What is the tester position for supination
Side of the client, client siting, forearm neural
What is the stabilizing/palpating arm doing in mmt of pronation
Cupping over the anterior surface of the shoulder, counterforce
What is the stabilizing/palpating arm doing in mmt of supination
Support the elbow cupping
What is the resisting arm doing in mmt of pronation. And direction
Dorsal surface of the forearm, proximal to the wrist
Into supination
What is the resisting arm doing in mmt of supination, And direction
Violas surface of the forearm, proximal to the wrist
Into pronation
What muscle grades can you test in sitting or elbow pronation and supination
5, 4, 3, 1, and 0
What should we have the patient do if they are a 2 for pronation or supination
Grade 2 the client elevates the shoulder between 45-90 degrees
