GMO Flashcards
(51 cards)
genetic experiments started with
cloning
cloning
transfer a gene to another organism
used for hormones,drugs
1900 started with
tomatoes
prevent intescts without chemicals
selective breeding
try to improve
expensive
crossbreeding
two different species
not common because most of them don’t survive or they are infertile
problem in çarazlama breeding, inbreeding
probablity in disease increase
GMO
organism that carries a gene from another organism
2 methods to improve yield
selective breeding(same)
cross breeding(different species)
disadvtanged of gmo
cancer
increase the probability of unwanted features
increase the probability of diseases
Agenetically modified organism (GMO)…
is an animal, plant, ormicrobewhoseDNAhas been altered usinggenetic engineering techniques.
The specific targeted modification ofDNAusingbiotechnologyhas allowed scientists to …
avoid this problem and improve thegeneticmakeup of anorganismwithout unwanted characteristics tagging along.
Genetically modified animals are mainly used for research purposes, while genetically modified plants are common in today’s food supply.
true
Agricultural plants are most frequently genetically modified to
improve the yield, quality and cost of the foods.
Some benefits of plant genetic engineering in agriculture;
increased crop yields,
reduced costs for food ordrug production,
reduced need for pesticides,
enhanced nutrient composition and food quality,
resistance to pests anddisease, greater food security, and medical benefits to the world’s growingpopulation.
mature faster and tolerate aluminum, boron, salt, drought, frost, and other environmental stressors, allowing plants to grow in conditions where they might not otherwise flourish
More than 95% of animals used for meat and dairy in the United States eat GMO crops.
true
There are benefits for both farmers and consumers. For example
higher yields and longer shelf life may lead to lower prices for consumers, and
pest-resistant crops means that farmers don’t need to buy and use as manypesticidesto grow quality crops.
GMO crops can thus be kinder to the environment than conventionally grown crops.
The firstgeneticallyengineered plants to be produced for human consumption were introduced in the mid-1990s. Today, approximately 90 percent of the corn, soybeans, and sugar beets on the market are GMOs.
true
Geneticallyengineered crops;
produce higher yields,
have a longer shelf life,
are resistant to diseases and pests,
and even taste better.
A number of animals have also been genetically engineered to
increase yield and
decrease susceptibility to disease.
Some GMO animals, however, are produced for human consumption. For example;
Salmon has been genetically engineered to grow larger and mature faster, and the U.S. FDA has stated that these fish are safe to eat.
Most animals that are GMOs are produced for use in laboratory research. These animals are used as “models” to study the function of specific genes and, typically, how the genes relate to health and disease.
Cattles have been enhanced to exhibit resistance to mad cow disease.
The process of genetic engineering
1 identify a trait on interest
2 isolate the genetic trait of interest
3 inset the desired trait to new genome
4 growing gmo
For example, insect resistance gene was taken from Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt) which is a naturally occurring bacterium in the soil that produces proteins specifically active against certain insects.
Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt
Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt) is a naturally occurring bacterium in the soil that produces proteins specifically active against certain insects. Some crops such as corn, cotton, and soybeans have been genetically engineered to express theBtgenes that act as insecticides.Btcorn is designed to control corn pests such as the European corn borer, corn earworm, and southwestern corn borer, andBtcotton effectively controls cotton pests such as the tobacco budworm, cotton bollworm, and pink bollworm [7]. The use ofBtcrops has led to a reduction in conventional synthetic insecticide use
The threats posed by climate change
floods,
droughts,
intense storms
and hotter temperatures.
