aging Flashcards
mitochondria prone to damage
true
if mitochondrşa function declines cells and organs…
deteriorate
when telemoers ebcome too short
cells stop replicating and die
as we get older stem cells decrease in number and lose their regenerative potential
true
lowest life expentecy and higest
lowest central african 53
longest japan 83
devekoped countries more than
70 years
The average human life expectancy has increased in recent years due to
changes and developments in disease management,
the socio-economic status,
nutritional status of individuals,
as well as fewer accidents and wars
our cells have limited cell dvision
true
with aging some imprtant seceretions are repressed
true
The aging can be monitored by
the loss and shortening oftelomeresat the chromosomal level,
changes in activity of mitochondria,
the accumulation of lipofuscins
lipofuscins
Lipofuscinis a yellow/Brown pigmentgranulescomposed oflipid-containing residues.
It is considered to be one of the aging or “wear-and-tear” pigments, found in theliver,kidney,heart, muscle, retina,adrenals,nervecells andganglioncells.
Lipofuscin accumulation
in the eye, is a major risk factor inmacular degeneration.
in the nervous system, is risk factor in neurological disease (Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis)
in the muscle, is a risk factor in cardiac disease and muscle disease.
3 maina aigng
oxidative stress
glycation
telomore length
oxidative stress
we produce dangerus molecules especially in energy production in mitochindria
for atp ve need =2 the same ocygen as a byproduct
to be stable they want to give electron so they cause damage
because electrons have high energy
risky if it affects DNA (smoking, cancer)
stressed depressed individuals age faster
true
pruple and red colour vegetables have
lycopene and selenium
they slow down radical damage
glycation
glucose sugar from what we eat binds to some of our DNA, proteins and lipids, leaving them unable to do their jobs.
prevent proper DNA replication
lycations are formed in high amounts in diabetes but also in the physiological organism during aging.
HbA1c, the adduct of hemoglobin and glucose, can be used as a major indicator forhyperglycemiawithin the last three weeks
The problem becomes worse as we get older, causing body tissues to malfunction, resulting in disease and death.
This may explain why studies in various laboratory animals indicate that restricting calorie intake extends lifespan.
or even affect proper RNA synthesis
less RNA DNA syntehsis
calorie-restricted diet
can live longer
we check diabetes with…
hemoglobin protein
because blood can vary
telomere length
one of the junk region is telomeres there are no genes on but they protect our DNA from damage
if they are damaged chromosomes loose stability then break down then age
when telomeres are too short
cells die
shortening of telemores…
aging of cells + death of cells
telomerase enzyme
they are silenced
they can produce telomeres
so telomeric regions are not replaced
cancer cells have active telomerase enzyme
it is one of the main parameters
because of that cancer cells are immortal cells
if damaged cell dont die
they turn to cancer
if you live long enough you will eventually have cancer
photoaging
more UV exposure more DNA damage more radical formation
oxidative
Antioxidant levels are determined by theoxygen radical absorption capacity (ORAC) score. The ORAC score is the ability of a plant to absorb free radicals and eliminate them. The National Institute on Agingdeveloped this measurement, and it is based on 100 g of the herb or food.
oxidative stresss
A major cause of aging is “oxidative stress.”
It is the damage to DNA, proteins and lipids (fatty substances) caused by oxidants, which are highly reactive substances containing oxygen (ROS).
These oxidants are produced normally by cellular activities (such as oxidative respiration), and also result from inflammation, infection and consumption of alcohol and cigarettes.
ROS causes mtDNA mutation accumulation and deficiency in energy production
In one study, scientists exposed worms to two substances that neutralize oxidants, and the worms’ lifespan increased an average 44 percent
oxidative stress giren çıkan
giren: radiation, respiration, radical generators
çıkan: lipid peroxidation, nucleic acid damage, protein oxidation
oxidative stresss
A major cause of aging is “oxidative stress.”
It is the damage to DNA, proteins and lipids (fatty substances) caused by oxidants, which are highly reactive substances containing oxygen (ROS).
These oxidants are produced normally by cellular activities (such as oxidative respiration), and also result from inflammation, infection and consumption of alcohol and cigarettes.
ROS causes mtDNA mutation accumulation and deficiency in energy production
In one study, scientists exposed worms to two substances that neutralize oxidants, and the worms’ lifespan increased an average 44 percent
