cell Flashcards
prokaryotes
no compartmen=no nucleus
1 cell membrane
circular DNA in the cytoplasm
ribosome
maybe cell wall or flagella
fungi-hyphase-release to food soruce-digest
every 20 minutes cell division
ROS(reactive oxygen species)
when touched dna-mutation
soo antioxidants
bacterial organisms have no genetic variation soo
kill1 kill all
microorganisms take nitrogen…
transform it-animals or plants use it-we eat them
only human with a flagella…
sperm
pilli?
airway=catch dust
intestine=take digestive food
uterus=ovum can move
ribosome
protein synthesis
no true organelle because no membrane
RNA protein complex
yeast
single celled
anaerobic-fermantation-ethanol+CO2
aerobic-CO2+water
CO2 traps gluten
why are prokaryotic cells so small?
Because prokaryotic cells lack organelles, their cellular processes aren’t as efficient as eukaryotic cells,
advantages of prokaryotic cells
rapid reproduction,
rapid mutation and adaptation to new
environments,
more diverse metabolic systems
Eukaryotic life, including all multicellular organisms, could not exist without prokaryotes
eukaryotic cell organelles
Plasma Membrane:It is the outer covering of each cell made up of lipids, proteins, and a small number of carbohydrates.
Cell Wall:Present in plants and fungi and presents outside the plasma membrane. cellulose (plant) or chitin (fungi).
Nucleus: Bounded by two nuclear membranes forming a nuclear envelope. The nuclear envelope is connected to the Endoplasmic reticulum (ER).
Endoplasmic Reticulum: Produce lipids (fats) and steroid hormones, involved in detoxifying a number of organic chemicals converting them to safer water-soluble products
Golgi apparatus:It is absent in bacteria, blue-green algae, mature sperms and red blood cells of mammals and other animals. Its main function issecretory.
Lysosomes: there are digestive enzymes
Vacuoles:a kind of storage sacs.It helps to maintain the osmotic pressure in a cell and provide turgidity and rigidity to the plant cells.
Centrosome:is found only in animal cells. As it helps in cell division for the separation of chromosomes by spindle fiber
Peroxisomes:They carry out some oxidative reactions
PLASTID:Present in plant cells and is absent in animal cells,
Chromoplasts(coloured plastids) : various colours to flowers.
Chloroplasts(Green-coloured plastids) are present in green algae and higher plants
Leucoplasts(colourless plastids) store food in the form of carbohydrates (starch), fats and proteins.
Mitochondria:organelles where eukaryotes extract energy from their food by cellular respiration.
The ribosomes and DNA of mitochondria resemble those found in bacterial cells.
true
Endosymbiotic theory explains the origin of mitochondria and chloroplast
The structures and genomes are basically similar between mitochondria and Rickettsial bacteria
It has its own DNA-Circular DNA
Mutation in mtDNA
Diabetes-deafness-muscle
Evolved from bacteria because;
Double membrane: its original and host membrane(porin-cardiolipin)
mutualistic relationship
Paramecium bursaria + green alga called Chlorella.
chloroplast
Present in green algae and higher plants. They have a green pigment called chlorophyll and help in the photosynthesis of food.
photosynthesis equation:
6CO2 + 6H2O = C6H1206 + 602
cellular respiration:
C6H1206 + 602 =6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP
