chemical compositiion of the body Flashcards
inorganic compounds
minerals water
organic compounds
carb, lipid, protein, nucleic acid, vitamin
Hydrogen
important electron carrier
N
nucleic acid
Ca
bones, teeth, muscle contraction
P
in nucleic acids for skeleton and teeth
creating energy in cel
sodium
regulate the electrolyte balance
maintain homeostosis
Potassium
nerve conduction
selenium
DNA protection
immune system
Cobalt
normally toxic to body
Oxygen
energy
zinc
immune system
iodine
for thhyroid tissue
mood regulation
fetus development
chloride
with sodium maintains the normal fluid balance
Mg
cofactor in several enzymatic activities
Fe
hemoglobin formation
Cu
energy production
water
for cell= building material
digestion
regulate bofy T
for some organs(eye,joints)
for saliva
babies have the highest amount
around 65%
woman total 2.7L
men 3.7L
Vitamins
support maintanence of skin,bone,muscle
repair cells, organ tissue
supporting immune function
food=energy
fat soluable=ADEK stored in liver muscles fatty tissues
water solluable=C,B not stored
vitamin A
immune system=white blood cells
vision
healthy bones teeth tissue
deficieny=night blindness dry eyes
source dark fruit, liver, beef
Vitamin D
sunshine vitamin
help absorb Ca
deficieny=heart, kidney disease, cancer, low mood
source= red meat, egg yolk
Vitamin E
antioxidant
anti aging=protect cells from damage
protect DNA
from red blood cells
help use vitamin K
helps with alzheirmers
deficeny= heart disease, cancer
source=dark green veb, avocado, margarine
vitamin K
blood clotting
bone health
cells cant produce but bacteria in gut can
source=cabbage, dark green veb
vitamin C
antioxidant=DNA
help absorb iron
source=orange, strawberry
COOKING REDUCE VITAMIN C
Vitamin B
memory
nervous system health
reproductive health
reduce inflammation
B12= making red blood cells=can only get from animals being a vegeterian has negative effect
are carbohydartes stored in body?
not for a long time
CARBOHYDATES(MONOSACCHARİDES)
monomers:
glucose
fructose
galactose
CARBOHYDRATES(DISAC)
sucrose =table sugar (glucose+fructose)
lactose=milk sugar
maltose=malt sugar
CARBO(POLY)
STORAGE
IMPORTANT FOR DRUG DELİVERY
starch
cellulose
glycogen
STARCH
store carbohydates
polymers of glucose
amylase or amlspech =stored in plant based
CELLULOSE
primary component of cell wall of green plants
we cannot digest
feeling full
GLYCOGEN
polymers of glucose
stored in tissue muscle liver
store excess glucose as glycogen
functions of carbs
break down for fuel
all body cells can use glucose
NERVE CELLS IN BRAIN SPINAL CORD AND PERIPEHRAL SYSTEM ONLY USE GLUCOSE
breaking dorn glucose= ATP
ATP made up of…
ribose
adenine
phosphate
energy equation
C6H12o& + 6O2 = 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP
LIPIDS
16% of the body
hydrophobic compunds= fuel
MOST TRIGLYCERIDES
TRIGILYCERIDS
glycerol+ 3 fatty acid chains
known as FAT
energy storage
thermal insulation
cushion
Phosopholipids are…
compounds of membranes
streoids
a lipid type
hydro carbon rings=cholesterol
CHOLESTEROL
for bile acids and help emulsify dietary fats
for hormones= estrogen, testosterone
cell membrane= help regulate, flow of substances into and out of the cell
OMEGA3
polysaturated fats
essential fats that body cant make=from food
integral part of cell membranes
affect cell receptors in membrane
starting point for hormones that regulate blood clotting, construction and relaxation of artery walls
omega 3 prevents…
heart diseases
stroke
eczema
cancer
lower blood pressure
alpha-linalenic acid (ALA)
uses for energy
vegetable oil
nuts
flax ssed
protein structural functions
keratin in epidermis of skin that protect tissue
collagen in dermis of skin bones and meninges that cover brain and spinal cord
in cell membranes=transport electrolytes in and out of the cell=ions healthy balance
eicosopentaoneic acid(EPA)+ docosahetaenoic acid(DTA)
type of oemga 3
from fish
proteins
monomers=amino acid 20 types
amino acid sequence and shape determine proteins shape
%16
RNA
used in protein synthesis
protein functional functions
digestive enzymes in digestive tract
antibodies
neurotransmitters
peptide based hormones=growth hormone
nucleic acids monomer
nucleotides
nucleic acids have…
1 or more phosphate group
DNA
present in mitaochondria
no uracil
choloroplast has own DNA=photosynthesis
lipid types
triglycerides
phospholipids
streol
gluten is a
protein
brain can shrink in size without water
true
respiration consumes water
true
thirst center of the brain
hypothalamus(regulates sodium in the body)
how is cellulose digested?
hydrolize the cellulose into smaller carbohydrates like glucose
the leftover carbohydrates are fermented
microbes in ruben are the real stars
too much fructose leads to…
leptin resistance, obesity
too much sugar…
stored in the liver or turned to fat
