chemical compositiion of the body Flashcards

1
Q

inorganic compounds

A

minerals water

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2
Q

organic compounds

A

carb, lipid, protein, nucleic acid, vitamin

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3
Q

Hydrogen

A

important electron carrier

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4
Q

N

A

nucleic acid

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5
Q

Ca

A

bones, teeth, muscle contraction

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6
Q

P

A

in nucleic acids for skeleton and teeth
creating energy in cel

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7
Q

sodium

A

regulate the electrolyte balance
maintain homeostosis

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7
Q

Potassium

A

nerve conduction

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7
Q

selenium

A

DNA protection
immune system

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8
Q

Cobalt

A

normally toxic to body

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8
Q

Oxygen

A

energy

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9
Q

zinc

A

immune system

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10
Q

iodine

A

for thhyroid tissue
mood regulation
fetus development

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11
Q

chloride

A

with sodium maintains the normal fluid balance

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12
Q

Mg

A

cofactor in several enzymatic activities

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13
Q

Fe

A

hemoglobin formation

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14
Q

Cu

A

energy production

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15
Q

water

A

for cell= building material
digestion
regulate bofy T
for some organs(eye,joints)
for saliva

babies have the highest amount
around 65%

woman total 2.7L
men 3.7L

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16
Q

Vitamins

A

support maintanence of skin,bone,muscle
repair cells, organ tissue
supporting immune function
food=energy

fat soluable=ADEK stored in liver muscles fatty tissues
water solluable=C,B not stored

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17
Q

vitamin A

A

immune system=white blood cells
vision
healthy bones teeth tissue

deficieny=night blindness dry eyes

source dark fruit, liver, beef

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18
Q

Vitamin D

A

sunshine vitamin
help absorb Ca
deficieny=heart, kidney disease, cancer, low mood
source= red meat, egg yolk

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19
Q

Vitamin E

A

antioxidant
anti aging=protect cells from damage
protect DNA
from red blood cells
help use vitamin K
helps with alzheirmers

deficeny= heart disease, cancer
source=dark green veb, avocado, margarine

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20
Q

vitamin K

A

blood clotting
bone health
cells cant produce but bacteria in gut can

source=cabbage, dark green veb

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20
Q

vitamin C

A

antioxidant=DNA
help absorb iron
source=orange, strawberry
COOKING REDUCE VITAMIN C

21
Q

Vitamin B

A

memory
nervous system health
reproductive health
reduce inflammation
B12= making red blood cells=can only get from animals being a vegeterian has negative effect

21
Q

are carbohydartes stored in body?

A

not for a long time

22
Q

CARBOHYDATES(MONOSACCHARİDES)

A

monomers:
glucose
fructose
galactose

23
Q

CARBOHYDRATES(DISAC)

A

sucrose =table sugar (glucose+fructose)
lactose=milk sugar
maltose=malt sugar

24
Q

CARBO(POLY)

A

STORAGE
IMPORTANT FOR DRUG DELİVERY

starch
cellulose
glycogen

25
Q

STARCH

A

store carbohydates
polymers of glucose
amylase or amlspech =stored in plant based

26
Q

CELLULOSE

A

primary component of cell wall of green plants
we cannot digest
feeling full

27
Q

GLYCOGEN

A

polymers of glucose
stored in tissue muscle liver
store excess glucose as glycogen

28
Q

functions of carbs

A

break down for fuel
all body cells can use glucose
NERVE CELLS IN BRAIN SPINAL CORD AND PERIPEHRAL SYSTEM ONLY USE GLUCOSE

breaking dorn glucose= ATP

29
Q

ATP made up of…

A

ribose
adenine
phosphate

30
Q

energy equation

A

C6H12o& + 6O2 = 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP

31
Q

LIPIDS

A

16% of the body
hydrophobic compunds= fuel
MOST TRIGLYCERIDES

32
Q

TRIGILYCERIDS

A

glycerol+ 3 fatty acid chains
known as FAT
energy storage
thermal insulation
cushion

33
Q

Phosopholipids are…

A

compounds of membranes

34
Q

streoids

A

a lipid type
hydro carbon rings=cholesterol

35
Q

CHOLESTEROL

A

for bile acids and help emulsify dietary fats
for hormones= estrogen, testosterone
cell membrane= help regulate, flow of substances into and out of the cell

36
Q

OMEGA3

A

polysaturated fats
essential fats that body cant make=from food
integral part of cell membranes
affect cell receptors in membrane
starting point for hormones that regulate blood clotting, construction and relaxation of artery walls

37
Q

omega 3 prevents…

A

heart diseases
stroke
eczema
cancer
lower blood pressure

38
Q

alpha-linalenic acid (ALA)

A

uses for energy
vegetable oil
nuts
flax ssed

38
Q

protein structural functions

A

keratin in epidermis of skin that protect tissue
collagen in dermis of skin bones and meninges that cover brain and spinal cord
in cell membranes=transport electrolytes in and out of the cell=ions healthy balance

38
Q

eicosopentaoneic acid(EPA)+ docosahetaenoic acid(DTA)

A

type of oemga 3
from fish

38
Q

proteins

A

monomers=amino acid 20 types
amino acid sequence and shape determine proteins shape
%16

38
Q

RNA

A

used in protein synthesis

38
Q

protein functional functions

A

digestive enzymes in digestive tract
antibodies
neurotransmitters
peptide based hormones=growth hormone

38
Q

nucleic acids monomer

A

nucleotides

38
Q

nucleic acids have…

A

1 or more phosphate group

39
Q

DNA

A

present in mitaochondria
no uracil
choloroplast has own DNA=photosynthesis

39
Q

lipid types

A

triglycerides
phospholipids
streol

40
Q

gluten is a

A

protein

41
Q

brain can shrink in size without water

A

true

42
Q

respiration consumes water

A

true

43
Q

thirst center of the brain

A

hypothalamus(regulates sodium in the body)

44
Q

how is cellulose digested?

A

hydrolize the cellulose into smaller carbohydrates like glucose
the leftover carbohydrates are fermented
microbes in ruben are the real stars

45
Q

too much fructose leads to…

A

leptin resistance, obesity

46
Q

too much sugar…

A

stored in the liver or turned to fat