Glycosides-Toxic Principles Flashcards
Anthraquinone
MoA and CSs-purgative
Plants-Ramus Purshiana DC (cascara sagrada), Buckthorn, coffee weed, senna, aloe
Calcinogenic glycoside (Vitamin D analog)
MoA and CSs-Hypercalcemia, lameness
Plants-Day-blooming Jessamine, Turkey Berry
Carboxy-atractyloside (sulfated glycoside)
MoA and CSs-HEPATOXICITY, excessive salivation, renal damage, hypoglycemia
Plants-Cocklebur
Cardiac Glycoside
MoA and CSs-cardiotoxic by inhibiting Na/K ATPase TREATMENT-DIGOXIN
Plants, oleander (one of the most toxic plants, 1 leaf can kill animal), yellow oleander, lucky nut, be-still tree, squill, lily of the valley, milkweed, kallanchoe, periwinkle
Coumarin Glycoside
MoA-form dicoumaral in spoiled plants, Inhibit Vitamin K epoxide reductase resulting in Vitamin K dependent coag factor deficiency
CSs-Hemorrhage ANTIDOTE-VITAMIN K1 OR WHOLE BLOOD
Plants-Sweet Clover
Cyanogenic glycoside
MoA and CSs-
Acute-Inhibition of cytochrome oxidase and inhibition of cellular resp, vasoconstriction, inhibition of glycolysis, inhibition of TCA cycle, irritation of MM
Chronic-Neuronal degen and anti-thyroid effect
Plants-Wild cherries, johnsongrass, Sudangrass, sorghum, elderberry
Cycasin
MoA-Glycoside that causes GI irritation and liver damage, teratogenic, mutagenic, carcinogenic, BMAA–>neurotxic AA, unknown toxin–>axonal degen in CNS
CSs-Gi and liver dz syndrome or ataxia and CNS syndrome
Plants-Sago Palm, Japanese Cycad, Cardboard Palm, Coontie
Glucosinolate (thiocynate glycoside)
MoA and CSs- Antithyroid
Plants-Rape seed, kale, broccoli, brussel sprouts, cabbage, turnip, cauliflower, soybean, flax
Nitropropanol glycoside
MoA-Inhibits enzymes of Krebs cycle and cellular oxidative phosphorylation
CSs-
Cattle and sheep-resp and neurologic signs (cracker heels or roaring dz)
Horses and rodents-neurologic signs
Plants-milkvetch, violets, lotus, indigo
Phytoestrogens
MoA-bind to estrogen receptors causing infertility in females and males
CSs-infertility in females, decrease libido and feminization in males
Plants-White clover, subterranean clover, alfalfa
Protoanemonin
MoA-volatile oil released by hydrolysis of the glycoside
CSs-severe irritation of the GI mucosa and dermatitis
Plants-buttercup family, anemone, raninculus, clematis, hellborus
Ptaquiloside
MoA-Death of precursor cells in BM, neoplasm in UT, Tumors in the URT and retinal degen
CSs-aplastic anemia, enzootic hematuria
Plants-bracken fern, brake fern
Steroidal Saponins
MoA-liver damage and inability to eliminate phylloerythrin a metabolite of chlorophyll which acts as a photodynamic substance, hepatogenic photosensitization
CSs-signs of photosensitization and liver damage
Plants-agave, beargrass, grass family
