Alkaloids-Toxic Principles Flashcards
Colchicine
MoA-Antimitotic
CSs-Involves many organs-especially those that are rapidly replicating
Plants-Autumn Crocus, Meadow Saffron, Glory lily, Climbing Lily
Diterpene Alkaloids
MoA-competitive blockade of the nictotinic receptors of the muscular endplate-similar to curare
CSs-Sudden death, muscle weakness, stiffness, staggering, bloating, recumbancy, collapse
Plants-Lankspur, Delphinium, Monkshade, Aconite
Ergot
MoA-vasoconstriction
CSs-gangrene, uterine contraction and abortion :(
Indolizidine Alkaloids (swainsonine)
MoA-Inhibition of lysosomal enzymes (decrease glycoproteins), peripheral neuronal degen (via nitropropanol glycoside), abnormal hoof and hair (via Se)
CSs-Neuronal signs, depression, circling, abnormal behavior + infertility, birth defects, heart failure, wt loss, immune suppr
Plants-locoweed, wilkvetches
Lycorine
MoA-Emetic and purgative, bulb most toxic
CSs-anorexia, salivation, vomiting, hypotension, muscle tremors/tumors
Plants-Narcissus, k(c)affir lily, spider lily, barbados lily, fire lily, zephyr lily, rain lily, river lily
Muscarine
MoA-Stimulation of muscarinic cholinergic receptors, CNS stim
CSs-Tx-atropine (muscarinic antagonist) + symptomatic tx and decontaminate
Piperidine Alkaloids
MoA-nicotinic effects starting with ganglionic and neuromuscular stim followed by ganglionic and neuromuscular blockade
CSs-Mainly ataxia, incoordination, birth defects (skeletal malformations and cleft palate)
Plants-Posion hemlock, spotted hemlock, CA or NE fern, lupines, tobacco, tree tobacco, coyote tobacco
Pyridine Alkaloids (nicotine and lobeline)
MoA-act on nicotinic receptors at autonomic ganglia, NMJ, and some synapses in CNS, low doses cause depolarization, large doses cause blockade
CSs-early signs are excitation, salivation, lacrimation, vomiting, diarrhea, tachypnea, muscle twitching, weakness DEATH DUE TO RESP FAIL
Plants-tobacco plant, tree tobacco, lobelia
Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids
MoA and CSs-hepatotoxic
Plants-Rattlebox or crotolaria, senecio, groundsel, ragwort
Solanine and Solanidine Alkaloids
MoA- Similar effects to atropine, crosses BBB, immature toxic, not mature (green vs. red tomato)
CSs- GI, CNS, Resp, cardiac
Plants-Black nightshade, american nightshade, eggplant, tomato, turkey berry, chalice vine, chinese lantern
Taxine Alkaloids
MoA- cardiotoxic, similar to cardiac glycosides
Plants-Japanese Yew
Tropane Alkaloids (atropine, hyoscine, hyoscyamine)
MoA-All parts of plant are toxic
CSs-GI, CNS (convulsive seizures), mydriasis, tachycardia ANTIDOTE: PHYSOSTIGMINE BITCHESSS
Plants: Jimsonweed, thornapple, angel’s trumpet, devil’s trumpet, henbane
Xanthine Alkaloids (caffeine, theophylline, theobromide)
MoA-Blocks adenosine (A) receptors, inhibiting PDE
CSs-salivation, vomiting, colic, diarrhea, CNS stim, convulsive seizures, muscle tremors, tachycardia, hypotension, urination
Plants- cocoa, coffee
