Acids-Toxic Principles

Question 1

Insoluble Calcium oxalate

Answer 1

MoA-Penetration via needle-shaped calcium oxalate crystals

CSs-Irritation of lips, mouth, throat, vomiting (must physically chew plant!)

Plants-chinese evergreen, alocacia, elephant’s ear, flamingo plant, caldium varieties, dumcane varieties, Pothos, Devi’s Ivy, peace lily, skunk cabbage, arrohead vine, nephthytis, calla lily, arum lily, umbrella tree, fishtail palm

Question 2

Soluble Oxalate

Answer 2

MoA-Hypocalcemia, precipitation of Ca oxylates in soft tissues and kidney damage

CSs-Hypocalcemia, kidney damage

Plants-Halogeton, greasewood, pigweed, beet, lamb’s quarters, rhubarb, sorrel and soursop, purslane

Question 3

Isocuprussic Acid

Answer 3

MoA-vasoconstriction leads to a decrease in uterine perfusion–>this leads to stimulation of fetal cortisol release–>leads to abortion

CSs-Abortion in cattle :(

Plants-Ponderosa Pine, Monterey Cypress

Question 4

Quinone

Answer 4

MoA-Primary photosensitization

CSs-Erythema and pruritis, edema and necrosis of the skin

Plants-St. John’s Wort, Buckwheat

Question 5

Tannins

Answer 5

MoA-Tissue damage including GI lesions and kidney damage

CSs-
Cattle-constipation, brown urine, rumen atony, anorexia, depression
Monogastrics-mainly GI signs

Plants-oak tree, pride of barbados

Question 6

Titerpene Acid

Answer 6

MoA-Liver Damage and hepatic photosensitizaton

CSs-depression, anorexia, constipation, diarrhea, icterus, photophobia, erythema of the skin, swelling, necrosis and sloughing

Plants-lantana, yellow sage