Glycolysis, Krebs, Ox phos, Subst phos Flashcards
What are the start and end products of glycolysis?
Glucose > 2 Pyruvate
How many ATP molecules are hydrolysed in glycolysis?
2
How many ATP molecules are synthesised in glycolysis?
4
How many NADH molecules are synthesised in glycolysis?
2
Outline the formation of NADH.
2NAD + 2P –> 2NADH
Where does glycolysis take place?
Cytoplasm
Which step of glycolysis is the rate determining step?
Step 3:
Fructose-6-phosphate > Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate
Catalysed by phosphofructokinase
Why is step 3 the rate determining state of glycolysis?
Because phosphofructokinase is pH dependent - it’s inhibited in acidosis
Give the order of substrates in glycolysis?
>Glucose >Glucose-6-phosphate >Fructose-6-phosphate >Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate > Dihydroxyacetone phosphate & glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate > 1,3 Bisphosphoglycerate > 3 Phosphoglycerate > 2 Phosphoglycerate > phosphoenolpyruvate > pyruvate
Draw out glycolysis.
And try not to kill yourself while doing it! :)
Outline the link reaction that occurs between glycolysis and Kreb’s.
Pyruvate > Acetyl CoA
Loss of CO2
NAD+ –> NADH
Where does the link reaction occur?
Matrix of mitochondria
Where does Kreb’s cycle occur?
Matrix of mitochondria
Give the substrates in order in the Kreb’s cycle. And say how many carbons there are.
Citrate (6C) Isocitrate (6C) Alpha ketoglutarate (5C) Succinyl CoA (4C) Succinate (4C) Fumarate (4C) Malate (4C) Oxaloacetate (4C)
What’s a mnemonic for remembering the order for substrates in Kreb’s?
Can I keep selling sex for money officer?
Draw out the Krebs cycle.
You lucky thing you!
What are the products of the Kreb’s cycle?
3 NADH
1 GTP
1 FADH2
2 CO2
What is GTP?
Find out!
Where does the electron transport chain occur (ETC)?
Inner mitochondrial membrane
Briefly outline the ETC?
Electrons from NAD+ and FADH2 are transferred to the electron carrier protein (cytochrome)
H+ ions are transferred across the membrane out of matrix to intermembrane space
Electrons move from cytochrome to cytochrome along ETC
More H+ ions transfer across membrane, out of matrix into intermembrane space
Cytochrome C transfers e- to the cytochrome C oxidase complex
H+ ions are brought to outside of protein
Water is formed as oxygen, H+ and e- are joined by cytochrome C oxidase complex
The transfer of H+ generates an H+ gradient > the H+ ions flow back into cell driving ATP synthase
ATP synthase synthesises ATP from ADP and P
Name the mechanism by which ATP synthase synthesises ATP?
Chemiosmotic phosphorylation
Briefly, what is the Chemiosmotic theory?
Inner mt membrane is impermeable to protons
Pumping of protons out of matrix > intermembrane space
Proton flow of H+ back into matrix via ATP synthase
What is substrate level phosphorylation?
Some ATP can be made in the cytoplasm of the cell
Forming ATP or GTP by the physical addition of a phosphate group to ADP
Occurs during glycolysis
How many ATP molecules can be made from one glucose molecule?
About 34
