Glycolysis, Krebs, Ox phos, Subst phos

Question 1

What are the start and end products of glycolysis?

Answer 1

Glucose > 2 Pyruvate

Question 2

How many ATP molecules are hydrolysed in glycolysis?

Answer 2

2

Question 3

How many ATP molecules are synthesised in glycolysis?

Answer 3

4

Question 4

How many NADH molecules are synthesised in glycolysis?

Answer 4

2

Question 5

Outline the formation of NADH.

Answer 5

2NAD + 2P –> 2NADH

Question 6

Where does glycolysis take place?

Answer 6

Cytoplasm

Question 7

Which step of glycolysis is the rate determining step?

Answer 7

Step 3:

Fructose-6-phosphate > Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate

Catalysed by phosphofructokinase

Question 8

Why is step 3 the rate determining state of glycolysis?

Answer 8

Because phosphofructokinase is pH dependent - it’s inhibited in acidosis

Question 9

Give the order of substrates in glycolysis?

Answer 9

>Glucose
>Glucose-6-phosphate
>Fructose-6-phosphate
>Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate
> Dihydroxyacetone phosphate & glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
> 1,3 Bisphosphoglycerate
> 3 Phosphoglycerate
> 2 Phosphoglycerate
> phosphoenolpyruvate
> pyruvate

Question 10

Draw out glycolysis.

Answer 10

And try not to kill yourself while doing it! :)

Question 11

Outline the link reaction that occurs between glycolysis and Kreb’s.

Answer 11

Pyruvate > Acetyl CoA

Loss of CO2
NAD+ –> NADH

Question 12

Where does the link reaction occur?

Answer 12

Matrix of mitochondria

Question 13

Where does Kreb’s cycle occur?

Answer 13

Matrix of mitochondria

Question 14

Give the substrates in order in the Kreb’s cycle. And say how many carbons there are.

Answer 14

Citrate (6C)
Isocitrate (6C)
Alpha ketoglutarate (5C)
Succinyl CoA (4C)
Succinate (4C)
Fumarate (4C)
Malate (4C)
Oxaloacetate (4C)

Question 15

What’s a mnemonic for remembering the order for substrates in Kreb’s?

Answer 15

Can I keep selling sex for money officer?

Question 16

Draw out the Krebs cycle.

Answer 16

You lucky thing you!

Question 17

What are the products of the Kreb’s cycle?

Answer 17

3 NADH
1 GTP
1 FADH2
2 CO2

Question 18

What is GTP?

Answer 18

Find out!

Question 19

Where does the electron transport chain occur (ETC)?

Answer 19

Inner mitochondrial membrane

Question 20

Briefly outline the ETC?

Answer 20

Electrons from NAD+ and FADH2 are transferred to the electron carrier protein (cytochrome)

H+ ions are transferred across the membrane out of matrix to intermembrane space

Electrons move from cytochrome to cytochrome along ETC

More H+ ions transfer across membrane, out of matrix into intermembrane space

Cytochrome C transfers e- to the cytochrome C oxidase complex
H+ ions are brought to outside of protein

Water is formed as oxygen, H+ and e- are joined by cytochrome C oxidase complex

The transfer of H+ generates an H+ gradient > the H+ ions flow back into cell driving ATP synthase

ATP synthase synthesises ATP from ADP and P

Question 21

Name the mechanism by which ATP synthase synthesises ATP?

Answer 21

Chemiosmotic phosphorylation

Question 22

Briefly, what is the Chemiosmotic theory?

Answer 22

Inner mt membrane is impermeable to protons

Pumping of protons out of matrix > intermembrane space

Proton flow of H+ back into matrix via ATP synthase

Question 23

What is substrate level phosphorylation?

Answer 23

Some ATP can be made in the cytoplasm of the cell

Forming ATP or GTP by the physical addition of a phosphate group to ADP

Occurs during glycolysis

Question 24

How many ATP molecules can be made from one glucose molecule?

Answer 24

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