Molecular building blocks Flashcards
What binds monosaccharides together to form a carbohydrate?
Glycosidic bond
What is a Glycosidic bond?
—C-O-C—
A oxygen molecule bonded to a carbon molecule of each monosaccharide
What’s the structure of a triglyceride?
Glycerol + fatty acid
What is a nucleotide?
Organic molecules
Monomers of DNA or RNA
What’s the structure of a nucleotide?
Nitrogenous base
A 5 carbon sugar
At least one phosphate group
Name the 4 nucelotides of DNA? Are they the same for RNA?
Adenine
Guanine
Cytosine
Thymine
No Thymine becomes Uracil
Which of the nucelotides is purine and which is pyrimidine?
A & G - purine
T & C - pyrimidine
What is the difference between purines and pyrimidines?
Purine - double ring
Pyrimidine - single ring
What is the name of the bond that joins two amino acids together?
Peptide
Describe the peptide bond.
Between the -OH of one amino acid and the H from the NH2 group of another
What is the primary structure of a protein?
The linear sequence of its amino acids
What is the secondary structure of a protein?
The sequence of amino acids is linked by H bonds
Defined by H-bonds between NH2 and COOH groups
What is the tertiary structure of a protein?
Further folding
Attractions are present between alpha helices and pleated sheets
Sulphide, covalent bonds etc
What is the quaternary protein structure?
The bonding between two or more amino acid chains
What’s the function of an enzyme?
Facilitate the rate of both forward and backward reactions
Doesn’t affect yield
Denatured by extreme pH and temperature
