Cells

Question 1

What is the function of the cell membrane?

Answer 1

Physical boundary for cell
Selectively permeable to ions & organic compounds
Regulation of movement of substances
Receptors for cell to cell signalling
Attach to extracellular matrix

Question 2

What is the function of the nucleus?

Answer 2

Controls all cell activity

Contains hereditary material of the cell

Question 3

What is the function of the cytoplasm?

Answer 3

Supports and protects organelles

Where most chemical reactions occur in the cell

Question 4

What is the function of the ribosomes?

Answer 4

Synthesises proteins

Question 5

What is the function of the mitochondria?

Answer 5

Site of aerobic cellular respiration

Question 6

What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?

Answer 6

Modify proteins made by the cell

Package and export them to their destinations

Question 7

What is the function of the cytoskeleton?

Answer 7

Maintain cell shape

Moves organelles within the cell

Question 8

What is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 8

Protein production, folding, quality control and despatch

Question 9

What is the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 9

Production and metabolism of fats and steroid hormones

Question 10

What is the function of the vesicles?

Answer 10

Transport molecules around the cell, such as proteins from the RER to the Golgi

Question 11

Describe the structure of the cell membrane.

Answer 11

Phospholipid bilayer

with embedded proteins

Question 12

Draw a cell membrane.

Answer 12

:)

Question 13

Name 3 important junctions between cells.

Answer 13

Desmosomes
Tight junctions
Gap junctions

Question 14

Describe desmosomes.

Answer 14

Anchor cells together

Attach via intermediate filaments

Question 15

Describe tight junctions.

Answer 15

Occlude gaps

Seal cells together to prevent leakage

Question 16

Describe gap junctions.

Answer 16

Communication between cells

Electrical signals conduction

Question 17

Define endocytosis.

Answer 17

The taking in of matter by a living cell by invagination of its membrane to form a vacuole

Question 18

Define diffusion.

Answer 18

Passive movement of any substance from an area of high concentration to one of low concentration

High > low

Question 19

Define osmosis.

Answer 19

Passive diffusion of water through a semi-permeable membrane

High water pot. > Low
Low solute conc. > high

Question 20

Define facilitated transport.

Answer 20

Accomplished by proteins in the membrane that allow the passage of otherwise restricted molecules

High conc. > Low

Question 21

Define active transport.

Answer 21

The process of using up energy (ATP) to pump molecules across the membrane against the concentration gradient

Low conc. > high

Question 22

Define exocytosis.

Answer 22

Release of molecules from cell

Question 23

What is the structure of a phospholipid?

Answer 23

Phosphate head

Glycerol & fatty acid chain tails

Question 24

Which region of a phospholipid is polar/non-polar?

And which is hydrophilic/phobic?

Answer 24

Phosphate head = polar & hydrophilic

Tails = non-polar & hydrophobic

Question 25

Give 4 types of cell receptors.

Answer 25

Receptors with intrinsic enzyme activity
Receptors without intrinsic enzyme activity
Ion channels
G protein coupled receptors