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IMMS > Acids, bases and buffers > Flashcards

Acids, bases and buffers Flashcards

1
Q

What’s an acid (in terms of protons)?

A

Proton donor

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2
Q

What’s a base (in terms of protons)?

A

Proton acceptor

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3
Q

What’s a buffer?

A

A weak acid or base that acts to maintain H+ concentration

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4
Q

What is pH (in terms of logs)?

A

-log[H+]

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5
Q

Normal blood pH?

A

7.35 - 7.45

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6
Q

What is acidosis?

A

pH too low

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7
Q

What is alkalosis?

A

pH too high

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8
Q

Write out the Henderson Hasselbalch equation.

A

[H+] x [HCO3-] = K x pCO2

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9
Q

What is the Hend-Hass equation used for?

A

Calculate blood pH

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10
Q

What is the equation that goes on inside the body?

A

CO2 + H2O H2CO3 HCO3- + H+

Catalysed by carbonic acid

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11
Q

What is acidaemia?

A

Abnormal acidity of blood

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12
Q

What is alkalaemia?

A

Abnormal alkalinity of blood

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13
Q

How does respiratory acidosis occur?

A

Insufficient ventilation
CO2 retained
More carbonic acid in blood > acidosis

CO2 + H2O H2CO3 HCO3- + H+

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14
Q

What causes resp acidosis?

A

COPD, asthsma

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15
Q

How does metabolic acidosis occur?

A

Low bicarbonate levels in blood

CO2 + H2O H2CO3 HCO3- + H+

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16
Q

What causes metabolic acidosis?

A

Bicarb losses due to diarrhoea, renal failure, diabetic ketoacidosis

17
Q

How does respiratory alkalosis occur?

A

Blowing off too much CO2

CO2 + H2O H2CO3 HCO3- + H+

18
Q

What causes respiratory alkalosis?

A

COPD (type 1 resp failure)

Anxiety, fever

19
Q

How does metabolic alkalosis occur?

A

Loss of H+ or too much Bicarb (HCO3-)

20
Q

What causes metabolic alkalosis?

A

Excess vomiting (losing H+ from stomach)
Pyloric stenosis
Anorexia nervosa
Ingestion of bicarb

21
Q

What type of compensation occurs in metabolic acid/base disorders? Speed?

A

Rapid RESPIRATORY compensation

22
Q

What type of compensation occurs in respiratory acid/base disorders? Speed?

A

Eventual METABOLIC compensation

23
Q

What is an anion?

A

A negatively charged ion

24
Q

What is meant by the anion gap?

A

The difference in concentration of measured cations and anions

Gives us the concentration of unmeasured ions

25
Q

Give some examples of unmeasured anions (whose total concentration can be calculated by the anion gap)?

A

Lactate
Phosphate
Sulphate
Acetoacetate

26
Q

Give the anion gap equation.

A

Gap = [Na+] + [K+] - [Cl-] - [HCO3-]

K+ has little effect

27
Q

What conditions does a wide anion gap point to?

A

Excess of unmeasured anions

Ingestion of acid, ketoacidosis, renal failure

28
Q

What conditions does a narrow anion gap point to?

A

High chloride

GI HCO3- loss

IMMS (14 decks)

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