Glutathione Pathways

Question 1

What is the goal of the Glutathione Pathway?

Answer 1

Reduce Glutathione

Question 2

Which enzyme reduces Glutathione?

Answer 2

Glutathione Reductase

Question 3

What does reduced Glutathione do?

Answer 3

1) Converts hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to water (H2O)
2) Free radical detoxification

Question 4

Glutathione Reductase requires:

Answer 4

NADPH

Question 5

Glutathione Reductase converts NADPH to:

Answer 5

NADP+

Question 6

What happens if we have DECREASED NADPH?

Answer 6

DECREASED Reduced Glutathione

Question 7

What happens if we have DECREASED Reduced Glutathione?

Answer 7

INCREASED Oxidative stress

Question 8

What causes oxidative stress?

Answer 8

1) Sulfa drugs
2) Primaquine
3) Infection
4) Nitrofurantoin
5) Fava Beans

Question 9

Which enzyme PRODUCES NADPH?

Answer 9

Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD)

Question 10

What are the findings in G6PD deficiency?

Answer 10

1) DECREASED NADPH
2) DECREASED Reduced Glutathione
3) Heinz Bodies
4) Bite Cells

Question 11

What are Heinz Bodies?

Answer 11

Denatured hemoglobin inside RBCs

Question 12

How are Bite Cells formed?

Answer 12

Splenic macrophages take a bite from the Heinz Bodies (to get rid of the denatured hemoglobin)

Question 13

Bite cells are an attempt of:

Answer 13

Phagocytic clearance

Question 14

What clinical symptom happens if oxidative stress increases in G6PD deficiency?

Answer 14

Hemolytic anemia