Alcohol Metabolism Flashcards
What is the first step of alcohol/ethanol metabolism?
Ethanol -> Acetaldehyde
Which enzyme converts Ethanol to Acetaldehyde?
Alcohol Dehydrogenase
Where does the first step of alcohol metabolism happen?
Cytosol
Where does the second step of alcohol metabolism happen?
Mitochondria
What is the second step of alcohol metabolism?
Acetaldehyde -> Acetate
Which enzyme converts Acetaldehyde to Acetate?
Acetaldehyde Dehydrogenase
Alcohol is metabolized by ___(first/zero) order kinetics.
Zero (constant)
Alcohol Dehydrogenase requires which cofactor?
NAD+ (becomes NADH)
What are the findings in alcoholism?
1) Increased Ethanol
2) Increased NADH/NAD+ ratio (more NADH, less NAD+)
3) Decreased Gluconeogenesis
4) Decreased TCA/Kreb’s Cycle
5) Lactic Acidosis
Why does the TCA/Krebs cycle not work in alcoholism?
Because of excess NADH
In alcoholism, you see fasting __(hyper/hypo)glycemia.
Hypoglycemia (because of decreased Gluconeogenesis)
Since the TCA/Krebs cycle doesn’t work in Alcoholism, what happens to the excess Acetyl-CoA?
Gets converted to Ketones = Ketonuria
Why do you see Lactic Acid in Alcoholism?
To get rid of excess NADH by converting Pyruvate to Lactate
Which drug inhibits Alcohol Dehydrogenase?
Fomepizole
Which drug is given for Ethylene Glycol or Methanol overdose?
Fomepizole
