Alcohol Metabolism Flashcards

1
Q

What is the first step of alcohol/ethanol metabolism?

A

Ethanol -> Acetaldehyde

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2
Q

Which enzyme converts Ethanol to Acetaldehyde?

A

Alcohol Dehydrogenase

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3
Q

Where does the first step of alcohol metabolism happen?

A

Cytosol

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4
Q

Where does the second step of alcohol metabolism happen?

A

Mitochondria

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5
Q

What is the second step of alcohol metabolism?

A

Acetaldehyde -> Acetate

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6
Q

Which enzyme converts Acetaldehyde to Acetate?

A

Acetaldehyde Dehydrogenase

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7
Q

Alcohol is metabolized by ___(first/zero) order kinetics.

A

Zero (constant)

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8
Q

Alcohol Dehydrogenase requires which cofactor?

A

NAD+ (becomes NADH)

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9
Q

What are the findings in alcoholism?

A

1) Increased Ethanol
2) Increased NADH/NAD+ ratio (more NADH, less NAD+)
3) Decreased Gluconeogenesis
4) Decreased TCA/Kreb’s Cycle
5) Lactic Acidosis

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10
Q

Why does the TCA/Krebs cycle not work in alcoholism?

A

Because of excess NADH

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11
Q

In alcoholism, you see fasting __(hyper/hypo)glycemia.

A

Hypoglycemia (because of decreased Gluconeogenesis)

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12
Q

Since the TCA/Krebs cycle doesn’t work in Alcoholism, what happens to the excess Acetyl-CoA?

A

Gets converted to Ketones = Ketonuria

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13
Q

Why do you see Lactic Acid in Alcoholism?

A

To get rid of excess NADH by converting Pyruvate to Lactate

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14
Q

Which drug inhibits Alcohol Dehydrogenase?

A

Fomepizole

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15
Q

Which drug is given for Ethylene Glycol or Methanol overdose?

A

Fomepizole

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16
Q

Which drugs inhibits Acetaldehyde Dehydrogenase?

A

Disulfram

17
Q

What causes hangover symptoms?

A

Acetaldehyde

18
Q

What can we give for Alcohol Use Disorder?

A

Disulfram

19
Q

Why do we give Disulfram for Alcohol Use Disorder?

A

Because it gives them hangover symptoms which will deter them