Glutamate Flashcards
1
Q
Source
A
- From 2-oxoglutarate and aspartate by aspartate aminostransferase
- From glutamine by glutaminase
- From 2-oxoglutarate by ornithine aminotransferase
2
Q
Regulation
A
Accumulation of precursors such as glutamine or by end-product inhibition
3
Q
Synthetic enzymes
A
Glutaminase
4
Q
Breakdown enzymes
A
Glutamate dehydrogenase, glutamine synthetase
5
Q
Breakdown product
A
Glutamine or alpha-ketoglutarate
6
Q
Reuptake
A
Largely glial uptake with conversion to glutamine
7
Q
Function
A
Intermediary in oxidation pathway (malate shuttle)
Immediate precursor of all GABA in CNS
Intermediary in ammonia cycle
NMDA memory acquisition
Developmental plasticity
Epilepsy
Ischaemic brain injury
8
Q
Receptors
A
Metabotropic - 8 in total
Ionotropic - NMDA and non-NMDA (kainate binding or AMPA type)
9
Q
Disorders
A
Excitotoxic glutamate toxicity in stroke / schizophrenia / seizures
NMDA antagonists can cause hallucinations (PCP, ket)
