Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

9. extra endo > Glucose Homeostasis > Flashcards

Glucose Homeostasis Flashcards

1
Q

What is the main function of glucose?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which organ system is glucose most essential for and why?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which organ system does hypoglycaemia most effect?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is hypoglycaemia?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the 3 consequences of a blood glucose concentration below 2 mmol/L?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

When can hypoglycaemia lead to death?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is diabetes mellitus?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does persistent hyperglycaemia lead to?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the leading cause of blindness worldwide?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which organ system does hyperglycaemia most effect?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which 4 hormones increase blood glucose levels?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which hormone decreases blood glucose levels?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which 5 hormones regulate blood glucose levels?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Why is insulin the only way to treat hyperglycaemia?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in the UK?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the death risk increase when having diabetes mellitus?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How much of the NHS budget is spent on diabetes mellitus?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the 3 types of diabetes mellitus?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is MODY, T1DM and T2DM?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What type of structure is the pancreas?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is a retroperitoneal structure?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Which cells perform exocrine secretion?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What proportion of the pancreas is exocrine acinar cells?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are islets of Langerhans?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are exocrine acinar cells?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What proportion of the pancreas is islets of Langerhans?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What proportion of the islets of Langerhans are alpha cells?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What proportion of the islets of Langerhans are beta cells?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What proportion of the islets of Langerhans are delta cells?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is the function of pancreatic alpha cells?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is the function of pancreatic beta cells?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is the function of pancreatic delta cells?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What are the 4 cells in the islets of Langerhans?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

How does paracrine communication occur in the islets of Langerhans?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

How do gap junctions in the islets of Langerhans allow for paracrine communication?

A
32
Q

How do tight junctions in the islets of Langerhans allow for paracrine communication?

A
33
Q

What type of cell-to-cell communication occurs in the islets of Langerhans?

A
34
Q

What is the function of glucagon?

A
35
Q

What is the function of insulin?

A
36
Q

Which pancreatic hormone is essential for foetal development?

A
37
Q

What is the function of somatostatin?

A
38
Q

What are the 5 triggers for insulin secretion?

A
39
Q

How does SNS activity affect beta cells? (2)

A
40
Q

What are the 7 effects of insulin?

A
41
Q

How does insulin lower blood glucose? (3)

A
42
Q

What are the 3 effects of insulin when carbohydrates are eaten?

A
43
Q

What are the 2 effects of insulin when proteins are eaten?

A
44
Q

What are the 2 effects of insulin when fats are eaten?

A
45
Q

Which cells secrete insulin?

A
46
Q

Which cells secrete glucagon?

A
47
Q

Which cells secrete somatostatin?

A
48
Q

What are the 5 triggers for glucagon secretion?

A
49
Q

What are the 3 effects of glucagon?

A
50
Q

How does glucagon increase blood glucose? (3)

A
51
Q

What are the 3 effects of insulin when carbohydrates are eaten?

A
52
Q

What are the 2 effects of insulin when proteins are eaten?

A
53
Q

What are the 2 effects of insulin when fats are eaten?

A
54
Q

What are glucokinases?

A
55
Q

Which GLUT is not glucose sensitive and why is this important for glucose absorption?

A
56
Q

Which hexokinase is the main glucose sensor?

A
57
Q

Which reaction does hexokinase IV catalyse?

A
58
Q

How does G6P affect K+ and Ca+ receptors?

A
59
Q

Which ion is essential for insulin secretion?

A
60
Q

What are the 6 steps of insulin release?

A
61
Q

What is proinsulin?

A
62
Q

What are the 2 products of proteolytic cleavage of proinsulin?

A
63
Q

What is the clinical importance of C-peptide and why?

A
64
Q

How is proinsulin turned into insulin?

A
65
Q

What is the incretin effect?

A
65
Q

Why is C-peptide used in diabetes diagnosis instead of insulin? (2)

A
66
Q

Which hormone is responsible for the incretin effect?

A
67
Q

What is GLP-1?

A
68
Q

What is the function of GLP-1?

A
69
Q

Where is GLP-1 secreted?

A
69
Q

When is GLP-1 secreted?

A
70
Q

Which gene codes for GLP-1?

A
71
Q

Which cells secrete GLP-1?

A
72
Q

What is DPPG-4?

A
73
Q

What is the function of DPPG-4?

A
74
Q

Which enzyme breaks down GLP-1?

A
75
Q

Why does GLP-1 have a short half life?

A
76
Q

Which hormone is used in obesity treatment?

A
77
Q

What is FPIR?

A
78
Q

How is FPIR used in diabetes mellitus diagnoses?

A
79
Q

What is the structure of insulin receptors?

A
80
Q

What is the effect of insulin binding to insulin receptors?

A

9. extra endo (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions